臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文旨在以米凱爾･巴赫汀的複調小說觀點探討阿道斯･赫胥黎的小說《針鋒相對》。本論文主要分為六章節。
第一章節引言中簡介小說《針鋒相對》的特色、並略述過去有關《針鋒相對》之研究、本論文研究方法、動機、以及各章節簡介。
第二章節介紹巴赫汀對話論及複調小說概念，共分為三小節。首先介紹巴赫汀對話論之根基、其不同於結構主義語言觀的語言概念，緊接著巴赫汀深受俄國形式主義影響、卻又不同於其的小說及小說話語之概念，最後則是巴赫汀之複調小說概念。依據巴赫汀之想法，欲檢視小說的複調特質，可從三方面來檢視其對話關係的呈現，包括角色建構及作者與角色之全新關係、思想(idea)的特殊地位、及論述(discourse)的本質。
第三章節以巴赫汀觀點探討小說《針鋒相對》的角色建構及作者與角色之關係呈現。第四章節檢視思想(idea)在此小說裡的特殊地位，包括思想及其呈現者(carrier)的不可分割性、以及思想的對話性。第五章節探討《針鋒相對》裡的話語呈現，著重於展露作者和角色對話關係的雙聲語(double-voiced discourse)分析。藉由上述三方面檢視《針鋒相對》之複調特質，終章結論是《針鋒相對》可視為一複調小說。此探討有助於重新評估赫胥黎在《針鋒相對》裡對於思想(idea)的特殊安排、以及藉由小說話語所展現的多元觀點。同時，因為以往多數評論家對《針鋒相對》持負評、也連帶質疑赫胥黎身為本世紀重要小說家之一的地位，本論文的發現也有期於再肯定赫胥黎身為小說家之貢獻。

This thesis intends to reconsider Aldous Huxley’s 1928 novel Point Counter Point in terms of Mikhail Mikhailovich Bakhtin’s notions of polyphonic novels. The thesis is divided into six chapters.
The first chapter generally introduces the special features of Point Counter Point, reviews the previous studies of the novel, and briefly describes the methodology, the motivation of the present study, and each chapter of the thesis.
Chapter Two is an elaboration of Bakhtin’s dialogism and notions of polyphonic novels. It contains three sections. The first section introduces Bakhtin’s fundamental concept of language as the basis of his dialogism. The second section is an elaboration of Bakhtin’s notions of the novel and the novelistic discourse. The third section is about Bakhtin’s notions of polyphony. According to Bakhtin, the polyphonic features of a novel can be examined in the dialogic relation in three aspects: characterization and the position of the author with regard to the character, the position of the idea, and the nature of the discourse.
The third chapter analyzes the characterization and the position of the author with regard to the character in Point Counter Point. The fourth chapter examines the special position of idea in Point Counter Point, including the inseparability of the idea and its carrier as well as the dialogic nature of the ideas. The fifth chapter investigates the discourse in Point Counter Point, focusing on the double-voiced discourse in Point Counter Point, in which the dialogic relationship between author and characters is revealed. The final chapter concludes that judging by the features discovered in the characterization, ideas, and discourse in Point Counter Point, the novel can be regarded as a polyphonic novel.
This discovery of the thesis helps to reevaluate Huxley’s arrangements of the idea in characterization and in plot construction as well as the multiplicity of viewpoints represented in the novelistic discourses. It may also helps to reaffirm Huxley’s right to be placed among the major novelists of the century, which has been questioned by some critics who held negative views of the special features in Point Counter Point.

Table of Contents
Chinese Abstract i
English Abstract ii
Acknowledgements iv
Table of Contents v

Chapter One: Introduction 1
Ⅰ. Critical Reviews 3
Ⅱ. A Bakhtinian Response to the Critical Reviews 10
Ⅲ. Motivation 14
Ⅳ. Methodology 15
Ⅴ. Structure of the Thesis 16

Chapter Two: Bakhtin’s Dialogism and His Notions of the Polyphonic Novel 19
Ⅰ. Bakhtin’s Dialogic Conception of Language 20
Ⅱ. Bakhtin’s Idea of the Novel 23
Ⅲ. Bakhtin’s Conception of the Polyphonic Novel 30

Chapter Three: Characterization, and the Position of the Author with Regard to the Characters, in Point Counter Point 43
Ⅰ. Huxley’s Principle for Visualizing and Constructing the Novel 44
Ⅱ. Character’s Consciousness Represented in Quasi-direct Discourse 48
Ⅲ. Characterization 57

Chapter Four: The Position of the Idea in Point Counter Point 88
Ⅰ. The Inseparability between Characters’ Ideas and Their Personalities: Men in Point Counter Point are Born of the Idea 88
Ⅱ. The Dialogic Nature of the Idea 96

Chapter Five: The Nature of the Discourse in Point Counter Point 123

Chapter Six: Conclusion 138

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