臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文的重點在於對以取樣光柵為基礎之分波多工雷射光源做一徹底的理論分析，並且實際製作雷射。為了簡化取樣光柵雷射陣列的波長控制，我們改變兩邊鏡面區波導的厚度，使得各個雷射不需調動電流即可輸出不同的波長。我們分析兩種型式的取樣光柵雷射陣列，探討取樣光柵的工作週期及鏡面反射率頻譜間隔差值對旁模抑制比的影響，並予以最佳化。第一種雷射陣列藉由在各雷射鏡面區加入調動電流，可輸出32個間隔為0.4或0.8奈米的波長，經由微調雷射各電極的電流，每個波長可符合國際標準的規定；第二種雷射陣列只需要單電極操作便可輸出16個間隔為0.4或0.8奈米的波長，經由微調各雷射的操作電流，每個波長也可符合國際的規定。
在第二種雷射陣列中額外加入相位區電流以穩定雷射的模態，使得雷射在大範圍的操作電流及溫度變化，不會有波長跳動，我們利用此方法來調整並穩定陣列中雷射的波長。在攝氏20度的溫度變化下，整個陣列的波長擾動在0.046奈米以內。我們利用原先應用於高密度分波多工系統的多波長雷射陣列技術製作寬間隔分波多工雷射陣列，陣列可輸出四個波長間隔為20奈米的訊號。所有雷射的波長隨溫度變化的速率幾乎相同，而且在溫度變化過程中具有不錯的單模特性。
我們提出一種新型的可調式雷射架構，雷射只需要單一個光柵鏡面，而且可任意控制發光波長。此新型雷射具有極高的旁模抑制比，並且可運用在不同型式雷射陣列中。最後，我們將多波長雷射陣列概念應用在分佈反饋式雷射架構上，並且利用新的製程技術以增加雷射的單模特性及波長精確性。此新型取樣光柵分佈反饋式雷射經由簡單製程即可具有高單模特性，而且長度遠小於傳統取樣光柵雷射。

This thesis focuses on the design and fabrication of sampled grating DBR based WDM laser sources. For simplifying the fabrication and operation of multiwavelength laser arrays, we designed a new type of laser arrays where the two SGDBR mirrors of each laser in an array are fabricated on waveguides of different thicknesses. The laser array can generate multiwavelength output by simply operating each laser with a single electrode. We analyze the performance of the laser arrays and optimize the sampling duty cycle and difference in the reflection peak spacings between the two mirrors to achieve the best SMSR. Two types of SGDBR based laser arrays were fabricated. We demonstrated Type-I laser arrays of 32 wavelengths in 0.4/0.8nm wavelength spacing. With the optimal design, accurate wavelength spacing and high SMSR over a wide range of wavelength were achieved. The wavelength of each laser was adjusted to the ITU grid of 100GHz spacing using the built-in tuning electrodes. We also demonstrated Type-II laser arrays of 16 wavelengths in 0.4/0.8nm wavelength spacing with single electrode operation to each laser. The wavelength of each laser was adjusted to the ITU grid with single electrode operation to each laser.
Mode hopping problems must be avoided for applying the integrated laser arrays in practical DWDM systems. A simple approach to stabilize the lasing mode is to tune the phase control section of the laser arrays. It is possible to obtain good SMSR and no mode hopping over a wide current and temperature range by fixing the phase current. As the temperature changes over 20C, the wavelength fluctuation from the shifted wavelength grid was limited within 0.048nm. We designed and fabricated CWDM laser arrays based on the concept of SGDBR laser arrays. The wavelength spacing was 20nm at a range of 1490 to 1550nm. The slope of wavelength changed with temperature was almost the same for all lasers and the SMSR was good during the temperature change.
We proposed a new approach for realizing WDM laser arrays using new type of composite-grating lasers. Each laser needs only one mirror and could vary the lasing wavelength precisely. Special design of the gratings is employed to obtain high SMSR and better laser performance. We also proposed a new approach for realizing DWDM laser arrays using SGDFB lasers. High single-mode yield with simple fabrication procedures can be achieved with much shorter lasers than SGDBR lasers.

中文摘要------------------------------------------------------------------- I
英文摘要------------------------------------------------------------------- II
圖表索引------------------------------------------------------------------- V
第一章 簡介---------------------------------------------------------------- 1
1-1 前言----------------------------------------------------------------- 1
1-2 SGDBR雷射陣列------------------------------------------------- 3
1-3 雷射陣列的波長穩定-------------------------------------------- 8
1-4 研究動機----------------------------------------------------------- 10
第二章 理論分析---------------------------------------------------------- 12
2-1 前言---------------------------------------------------------------- 12
2-2 SGDBR雷射陣列設計------------------------------------------ 13
2-3 鏡面反射率模擬------------------------------------------------- 17
2-4 波長的精確性---------------------------------------------------- 21
2-5 新型SGDBR雷射陣列設計----------------------------------- 23
2-6 SGDBR雷射陣列的最佳化設計------------------------------ 26
2-6-1 SGDBR雷射的旁模抑制比------------------------------- 26
2-6-2 反射率頻譜不對準的容忍度----------------------------- 33
2-6-3 雷射陣列的輸出特性-------------------------------------- 36
第三章 雷射陣列的輸出特性------------------------------------------- 39
3-1 簡介----------------------------------------------------------------- 39
3-2 不同鏡面工作週期之雷射陣列比較-------------------------- 40
3-3 具32個波長輸出之type I雷射陣列-------------------------- 42
3-4 不需調動電流之type II雷射陣列----------------------------- 49
3-5 波長間隔誤差的修正-------------------------------------------- 54
3-6 雷射陣列的製作流程-------------------------------------------- 60
第四章 雷射陣列波長調整及穩定------------------------------------- 64
4-4 前言----------------------------------------------------------------- 64
4-2 type I雷射陣列的波長穩定------------------------------------- 65
4-3 type II雷射陣列的波長穩定------------------------------------ 72
第五章 新型雷射陣列之設計與模擬----------------------------------- 83
5-1 簡介------------------------------------------------------------------ 83
5-2 原理------------------------------------------------------------------ 85
5-3 運用------------------------------------------------------------------ 97
第六章 結論與未來發展-------------------------------------------------- 103
6-1 結論------------------------------------------------------------------ 103
6-2 未來發展------------------------------------------------------------ 106
參考文獻--------------------------------------------------------------------- 108

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