臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

群體支援系統（Group Support Systems, GSS）是一套結合網路科技、電腦、與決策支援工具的交談式系統，其目的在提供支援會議流程與工作的支援功能，來直接影響或改變群體決策行為，以提高群體決策的績效。目前在國內外已經有相當多關於GSS應用的研究結果發表，然而這些研究結果之間，對於GSS的實際效果存在著相當大的歧見。這個現象可以從最近所出現許多彙總分析（Meta-Analysis）的文章來看出，他們試圖應用定性或定量的方法，來彙整與解釋這些不一致的結果，希望能夠異中求同，從中提出一些結論。
過去這些研究結果之間，之所以出現如此多而複雜的差異，我們認為其主要原因可以歸咎於，許多個別研究都只著重操弄與結果變數，而對於群體決策進行過程的瞭解與掌控不足，以致於中間產生許多的污染。因此，為了能夠增加對群體決策進行過程的瞭解與掌控，本研究應用自我效能理論中集體效能（Collective Efficacy）的觀念，利用中正大學資管系GSS 實驗室的軟硬體環境，設計一個完整的實驗來觀察集體效能對於GSS會議的影響。研究結果顯示，使用GSS的集體效能和使用績效之間有顯著的正向關係。同時，過去使用GSS的績效對於使用GSS的集體效能、結果預期、以及使用績效而言，也都有顯著的影響。
本研究的結果讓我們清楚瞭解集體效能在GSS會議進行的過程中所扮演的角色，同時透過參考社會心理學的相關研究，引進影響到集體效能與集體效能所影響的相關變數，來清楚的瞭解GSS的應用在群體決策的真實效果與來龍去脈。

Group Support Systems（GSS）are computer-based software that allows people in different places to discuss and make decisions on connected computers. The use of GSS is said to be able to overcome a few major drawbacks of the traditional face-to-face meeting, such as groupthink and blocking effects. The system allows participant to discuss anonymously. The computer network also allows more people to present their ideas simultaneously. Given these potential benefits, plenty of previous studies have been conducted to investigate whether using GSS can increases meeting productivity or satisfaction to the participants. Unfortunately, the results, as shown in the many published articles, have been inconclusive in many aspects.
A major problem is the lack of a full understanding of the group decision making process. To eliminate the gap, the study conducts a laboratory experiment to examine the role of collective efficacy in GSS meetings. Collective efficacy is the ability that group members believe the can cooperate to complete a task. The results indicate that GSS collective efficacy has a significant positive effect on GSS performance. Furthermore, prior GSS performance significantly affects GSS collective efficacy, outcome expectation, and GSS performance. Implications from those findings are also provided.

第壹章 緒論 - 1 -
第一節 研究背景與動機 - 1 -
第二節 研究目的與問題 - 3 -
第三節 研究範圍 - 4 -
第四節 研究貢獻 - 4 -
第五節 研究流程 - 5 -
第貳章 文獻探討 - 7 -
第一節 群體支援系統 - 7 -
第二節 社會認知理論 - 18 -
第三節 群體決策與效能之相關研究 - 30 -
第參章 研究方法 - 31 -
第一節 研究模式 - 31 -
第二節 研究假說 - 32 -
第三節 變數的定義與衡量 - 35 -
第四節 實驗方法 - 39 -
第肆章 資料分析與討論 - 45 -
第一節 樣本說明與基本資料分析 - 45 -
第二節 信度與效度分析 - 48 -
第三節 複迴歸分析法之基本假設檢定 - 52 -
第四節 研究假說檢定 - 58 -
第五節 綜合說明與討論 - 63 -
第伍章 結論與建議 - 66 -
第一節 研究結論 - 66 -
第二節 研究貢獻 - 67 -
第三節 研究限制 - 67 -
第四節 未來方向 - 69 -
參考文獻 - 72 -
附錄一：實驗問卷 - 80 -
附錄二：實驗任務 - 85 -
附錄三：系統功能說明與使用範例 - 91 -
圖1-1 研究流程圖 - 6 -
圖2-1 GSS研究架構 - 9 -
圖2-2 潛在GSS效果 - 10 -
圖2-3 依群體大小及成員鄰近度的群體支援系統之分類 - 13 -
圖2-4 個人、行為、環境的交互作用 - 19 -
圖2-5 效能信念和結果預期之關係圖 - 28 -
圖2-6 效能信念和結果預期的關係圖 - 29 -
圖3-1 績效與效能信念、結果預期關係圖 - 31 -
圖3-2 研究模式圖 - 32 -
圖3-3 實驗室環境 - 42 -
圖3-4 實驗流程圖 - 44 -
圖4-1 一般電腦集體效能、過去GSS績效和GSS集體效能之殘差圖 - 53 -
圖4-2 一般電腦集體效能和GSS集體效能之偏迴歸圖 - 53 -
圖4-3 過去GSS績效和GSS集體效能之偏迴歸圖 - 54 -
圖4-4 一般電腦集體效能、過去GSS績效、GSS集體效能和結果預期之殘差圖 - 54 -
圖4-5 一般電腦集體效能和結果預期之偏迴歸圖 - 54 -
圖4-6 過去GSS績效和結果預期之偏迴歸圖 - 54 -
圖4-7 GSS集體效能和結果預期之偏迴歸圖 - 54 -
圖4-8 GSS集體效能、結果預期、過去GSS績效和GSS績效之殘差圖 - 54 -
圖4-9 GSS集體效能和GSS績效之偏迴歸圖 - 55 -
圖4-10 結果預期和GSS績效之偏迴歸圖 - 55 -
圖4-11 過去GSS績效和GSS績效之偏迴歸圖 - 55 -
圖4-12 一般電腦集體效能、過去GSS績效和GSS集體效能之殘差圖 - 56 -
圖4-13 一般電腦集體效能、過去GSS績效、GSS集體效能和結果預期之殘差圖 - 56 -
圖4-14 GSS集體效能、結果預期、過去GSS績效和GSS績效之殘差圖 - 56 -
表2-1 群體支援系統支援之任務型態 - 12 -
表4-1 實驗樣本基本資料分析（一） - 46 -
表4-2 實驗樣本基本資料分析（二） - 47 -
表4-3 實驗樣本基本資料分析（三） - 47 -
表4-4 實驗樣本基本資料分析（四） - 48 -
表4-5 實驗樣本基本資料分析（五） - 48 -
表4-6 實驗樣本基本資料分析（六） - 48 -
表4-7 研究變項之信度係數 - 49 -
表4-8 研究變項之因素分析表 - 50 -
表4-9 K-S 檢定結果表 - 57 -
表4-10 Pearson 相關矩陣 - 57 -
表4-11 一般電腦集體效能、過去GSS績效和GSS集體效能間複迴歸分析之結果 - 59 -
表4-12 一般電腦集體效能、過去GSS績效、GSS集體效能和結果預期間複迴歸分析之結果 - 61 -
表4-13 GSS集體效能、結果預期、過去GSS績效和GSS績效間複迴歸分析之結果 - 62 -

一、中文部份
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[7] 黃俊英，多變量分析，中國經濟企業研究所，民84年。
[8] 劉選吉，我國甲組成棒選手自我效能和集體效能與團隊凝聚力間的關係及對運動表現的影響，國立台灣體育學院，體育研究所碩士論文，民90年。
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