臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

台灣金融科技新創公司與傳統銀行業者的金融科技競爭，最後贏家的預測評判未明，如果只談創新，銀行應該沒有任何機會，但臺灣市場小，金融業不會等到被市場淘汰，才跟外界合作，像是行動支付、第三方支付、機器人理財、P2P融資，這樣的概念，若由銀行來做，品牌信任度會更高。綜觀金融科技十大關鍵技術發展，其中大數據分析、雲端運算、行動技術、專利權與社群技術五項發展，已頗具相當成熟度，相關實務應用早已蓬勃發展，並且深入一般人日常生活之中；而物聯網、生物辨識技術、機器人、人工智慧及區塊鏈五項，則位處應用瓶頸突破的關鍵時期，典範轉移（Paradigm Shift）的效應隨時可能在近年內發生。
銀行業者身為金融特許行業，所以在經營上受到相當程度的保護，非銀行業者常常徒擁優越技術而苦無機會試行。在金融科技專利權方面，銀行則因專業度與長期忽視，往往由金融科技新創公司取得優勢。金融監理遵循則屬銀行業者傳統強項，為協助金融科技業者突破困境，已有英國、新加坡、澳洲及我國，積極推出金融監理沙盒的機制，期望金融科技創新能有新的力量加入而更加快速的成長茁壯。自2014年起，全球FinTech產業開始大幅吸引資金投入，全年已達120億美元，而亞太地區增長速度更是驚人，2016年前7個月更已高達96億美元，金融科技新創龍頭－螞蟻金服（Ant Financial）更在2016年3月獲得45億美元的資金投入。相較於傳統銀行業的激烈競爭、業務量萎縮、獲利減少以及分行據點的持續縮減，金融科技新創公司明顯取得較佳的資源挹注與支持。
新興網路時代金融環境演變很大，傳統銀行業的價值鏈思維，是在完善穩固的基礎設施下開發產品，透過平台與通訊媒介，再經由通路於特定的場景銷售金融商品給客戶。而新興網路金融業者，卻以網路交易的基本思維，在客戶與客戶之間、客戶與雲端系統之間、以及不同的場景之間，做動態的、多維的、生態系統間（Cross-Ecosystem）的即時互動。對傳統金融機構來說，價值鏈的核心是關鍵點與風險點的控制，所以希望由自己來掌控整個價值鏈；而對於網路金融業者而言，商品源自於不同的場景，每一個不同的場景往往就是一個垂直的行業，所以是多工、短鏈的型態，沒有任何一家公司可以獨自掌控所有的場景，所有的金融商品或服務都是源自於用戶及時或獨特的需求。金融商品或服務，在長尾化（Long Tail）、去中心化（Decentralization）、自由選擇時間與通路、自主獲取資訊的普惠金融趨勢下，金融科技新創公司的競爭優勢展露無遺。
銀行也與新創企業合作或展開共同研發合作，而非視之為勢不兩立的競爭對手。在應對金融科技的挑戰上，雖然有許多銀行已經試圖作出重大且富有成效的措施，但在大數據分析運用於精準行銷、隨選客製化商品、智慧化網路升級、行動支付場景創新、「長尾」客戶群拓展等方面，傳統銀行仍然有較大的提升空間，金融科技公司在法遵、個資確保與金融業務風險掌握仍亟需傳統金融業者與政府的協助，新一輪的金融科技革命浪潮已經滾滾而來，當前銀行業和金融科技公司加速融合的趨勢似乎已無法逆轉，大力擁抱金融科技、深化關鍵技術，為平台與新通路積極布局的數位化轉型，應是傳統銀行存續發展的唯一出路，未來銀行或將蛻變為新型態的金融科技公司。

When it comes to the competition of utilizing financial technologies between Taiwanese financial technology start-ups and traditional Taiwanese banking industry, it is still not clear who will be the winner. If we focus on the innovation, banks may have little chance to come out on top. But the market in Taiwan is so small that the financial industry won’t wait until being ruled out to cooperate with the outside world. If the bank could provide services such as mobile payment, third-party payment, robo-advisor, peer-to-peer lending, the brand recognition helps enhance the credibility of the services. When we are looking at the development of ten key financial technologies, five of them, i.e. big data analysis, cloud computing, mobile technology, patent rights and community technology have been well-established, and their relevant practical applications have long been flourishing and incorporated into people’s daily life. However, the other five technologies, i.e. Internet of things, biometric technology, robotics, artificial intelligence, and blockchain, are in the critical period of breaking through the bottlenecks in its application. The effect of “paradigm shift” may occur in recent years.
As a financial industry requiring a special governmental permission, banks have long been protected considerably; non-banking companies often have no chance to enter the market despite their superior technologies. The patent rights of financial technologies have been overlooked by the banking industry due to its professionalism and its long-term neglect; hence, the financial technology companies have obtained advantages in this field. Financial regulatory compliance, on the other hand, has long been the strengths of the banking industry. To help financial technology companies to overcome the difficulties in financial regulatory compliance, the United Kingdom, Singapore, Australia and Taiwan have launched the “Regulatory Sandbox,” hoping that the financial and technological innovation will grow quickly with the participation of new forces. Since 2014, the global Fintech industry has attracted a large amount of capital investment, with $12 billion USD in that year. The growth in the Asia-Pacific was even more stunning; the investment as high as $9.6 billion USD had been poured into the industry in the first seven months of 2016. Ant Financial, the leader in financial technology, received capital investment of $4.5 billion USD in March 2016. Unlike the traditional banking industry that has faced fierce competition, shrinking business volume, decreasing profitability and the continuous reduction of the branch, the financial technology start-ups have apparently received more resources and supports.

In the Internet era, the financial environment has changed dramatically. With the concept of the value chain, traditional banking industry develops financial products in the environment with well-constructed infrastructures, and sells products to the customers through platforms, communication media, and distribution channels in the specific scenes. On the contrary, the emerging online financial industry operates with the concept of online transactions. It provides dynamic, multi-dimensional and cross-ecosystem real-time interactions between customers and customers, between customers and the cloud systems, as well as among different scenes. For the traditional financial institutions, the core of the value chain lies in the control of the critical point and the risk point; consequently, they require the ownership of the entire value chain. For the Internet financial industry, goods derive from different scenes, and each scene is often a vertical industry itself. As a result, it operates under a multiple-tasks and shorter-supply-chain model; no any individual company can control all the scenes alone. All the financial products or services have been designed based on the users’ timely or unique needs. Under the trend of financial inclusion of the long tail, decentralization, free choice of time and distribution channels, and self-access to information, financial technology start-ups obviously have a competitive advantage.

Banks have also cooperated or initiated joint R & D projects with start-ups rather than consider them as incompatible competitors. Many banks have made significant and fruitful measures responding to the challenges brought by the financial technologies. Nonetheless, there are many aspects the traditional banks still need to improve, such as utilizing the big data analysis in precision marketing, producing customized goods, upgrading the intelligent network, innovating the scenarios of mobile payment, and expanding the “long tail” customer base. Financial technology companies still need the assistance from traditional financial industry and the government in law compliance, personal information protection, and financial business risk control. A new wave of financial technology revolution has been rolling. The integration of the current banking industry and financial technology companies has become an inevitable trend. Embracing financial technologies, enhancing vital technologies, and launching the digital transformations for new platform and distribution channels, seem to be the only way for traditional banks to survive. A new type of financial technology company may be the future form of the bank.

第壹章 緒論 1
第一節 研究背景與動機 1
第二節 研究目的 3
第三節 研究架構與流程 4
第四節 研究方法 6
第五節 相關文獻探討 7
第貳章 金融科技的發展與運用 17
第一節 銀行業歷史沿革與金融科技發展 17
第二節 目前金融科技十大關鍵技術 21
第三節 金融科技之市場應用與案例 74
第參章 主要國家金融科技發展現況 99
第一節 各國實務運用金融科技創新情形 99
第二節 商業模式推演個案 114
第三節 各國銀行業之金融科技發展 123
第肆章 台灣金融科技發展現況 129
第一節 本國金融科技發展背景與條件 129
第二節 國內主要金融機構及金融科技公司 142
第三節 台灣銀行業未來應用趨勢 146
第伍章 結論與建議 151
第一節 研究結論 151
第二節 研究建議 158
參考文獻 159

一.書籍
1.台灣金融研訓院，「金融數位力」，2016年。
2.李顯正，「金融科技概論」，2016年。
3.李儀坤，「FinTech 2.0」，2016年。
4.何大勇、張越、劉月，「實踐FINTECH-BCG教你擬定金融科技的最佳優勢策略」，2017年。
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二.期刊
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三.學術研討會論文
1.行政院國家發展委員會，「創意台灣2020成果與展望」，105年3月10日。
2.林蔚君，「大數據價創臺灣經濟」，資策會105年3月7日。
3.吳佩珊、黃若瑜、戴郁文，「群眾募資興起對於小型企業發展與金融業之影響」，台灣金融研訓院，2015年12月。
4.張中一，「金融科技發展簡介與芻議」，工業技術研究院 資訊與通訊研究所，2015年11月3日。
5.張小玫、周意庭，「Fintech金融科技新創公司(一)：Lending Club」，NAR LABS國家實驗研究院 科技政策研究與資訊中心，2016年9月5日。
6.謝順峰、葉俊沂、黃杬淂、黃若瑜，「從新興關鍵趨勢看金融業創新經營策略」，台灣金融研訓院，2015年12月。
7.鍾銘泰、黃瀞儀，「104年銀行業關鍵性人力資源供需之研究」，台灣金融研訓院，2015年12月。
8.Accenture, The Rise of Fintech- New York’s Opportunity for Tech Leadership, 2014/6/26.
9.DBS, The Rise of FinTech in China - Redefining Financial Services, 2016/11/16.
10.Deloitte, Connecting Global FinTech: Hub Review, 2016/9/27.
11.KPMG, “China FinTech investment explodes in 2015: KPMG,” CHINADAILY Europe, 2016/5/11.
12.KPMG, The-pulse-of-fintech-q2-report, 2016/8/17.
13.KPMG,H2 VENTURES, 2016 FINTECH100-Leading Global FinTech Innovators, 2016/10/17.
14.LendingMemo, Default Rates at Lending Club & Prosper: When Loans Go Bad, 2014/10/17.
18.Metia, “FINTECH INSIGHT 2014”, 2014/1/22.
19.Renaud Laplanche, 5 Predictions for artificial intelligence in 2017, 2016/12/15
20.Swiss Fintech Association, Swiss FinTech Report 2106. Zhurich: Earnest & Young LL.P.
21.UK Government Chief Scientific Adviser, “FinTech Futures- The UK as a World Leader in Financial Technologies”, 2015/3/11.
四.英文中譯書
1.Brett.King，蕭俊傑、孫一仕、施祖琪 譯，「Bank3.0：銀行轉型未來式」，2015年。
2.Chris Skinner，楊巍、張之材、黃亞麗譯，「FinTech-金融科技時代的來臨」，2016年。
3.Nikkei Computer(日經電腦)，汪平、金恬然、皇甫彥帝 譯，「FinTech革命-金融科技完全解析」，2016年。
4.SUSANNE CHISHTI、JANOS BARBERIS，唐祖蔭、陳世杰、劉奕吟譯，「THE FINTECH BOOK(FinTech-金融科技理財聖經)」，2016年。
五.網頁
1.金融監督管理委員會，「金管會金融科技辦公室正式成立並揭牌運作。」，2016年3月20日。 http://www.fsc.gov.tw/ch/home.jsp?id=96&parentpath=0,2&mcustomize=news_view.jsp&dataserno=201509240002&toolsflag=Y&dtable=News
2.ETtoday ，「倒閉、詐騙頻傳 中國「野蠻」成長P2P網貸陷危機？ 」， 2016年。 http://www.ettoday.net/news/20160328/670760.htm.
3.iThome，「臺灣終於跟上FinTech風潮，4大政策跨出金融轉型第一步」， 2015年。 http://www.ithome.com.tw/news/99941.
4.Barnson, M. “Technological Change and Innovation in the Financial Sector -- Speech to the Zhurch Business Club.” , 2016/3/30, from Swiss Financial Market Supervisory Authority: https://www.finma.ch/en/~/media/finma/dokumente/dokumentencenter/myfinma/finma-publikationen/referate-und-artikel/20150910-vortrag-fintech-bnm.pdf
5.Der Finanzprodukt Blog. “ WEF Fintech Report; 6 Key Researc Findings.” 2016/3/29, from Der Finanzprodukt Blog: http://www.finazprodukt.ch/wef-fintech-report-6key-research-findings/
5.Douglas W. Arner, J. N. “ The Evolution of Fintech: A New Post-Crisis Paradigm? ”, 2016/3/23, from Social Science Research Network: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2676553
6.“FinTech Innovation Lab,” 2016. http://www.fintechinnovationlabnyc.com/.
7.Fintechnews Singapore, “10 Fintech Accelerators and Incubators in Singapore,” Fintechnews Singapore, 2015. http://fintechnews.sg/747/fintech/fintech-singapore-accelerators-incubators/.
8.“HYPERLEDGER PROJECT,” 2016. https://www.hyperledger.org/.
9.IDC Financial Insights. “2015 FINTECH Rankings. Retrieved”, 2016/3/31, from IDC Financial Insights: http://www.idc.com/downloads/IDC_Financial_Insights_FinTech_Rankings-2015.pdf
10.Monetary Authority of Singapore, “MAS sets up new FinTech & Innovation Group,” 2015. http://www.mas.gov.sg/news-and-publications/media-releases/2015/mas-sets-up-new-fintech-and-innovation-group.aspx.
11.Monetary Authority of Singapore, “New FinTech Office: A One-Stop Platform to Promote Singapore as a FinTech Hub,” 2016. http://www.mas.gov.sg/News-and-Publications/Media-Releases/2016/New-FinTech-Office.aspx.
12.Swiss Financial Market Supervisory Authroity. “ FINMA Reduces Obstacles to FinTech.”, 2016/3/31, https://www.finma.ch/en/news/2016/03/20160317-mm-fintech/
13.WolcottRachel , ” Switzerland says goodbye to light touch regulation.”, 2016/5/3, http://blogs.reuters.com/financial-regulatory-forum/2012/05/03/switzerland-says-goodbye-to-light-touch-regulation/