臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究使用台灣台東縣生產之新鮮洛神花作為原料，以不同乾燥方式乾燥後經研磨機磨成粉，再以 30% 乙醇萃取，並觀察其各項抗氧化能力之變化，再使用高效能液相層析儀 (High performance liquid chromatography, HPLC) 來分析洛神花中之花青素矢車菊素 (cyaniding-3-sambubioside) 及飛燕草素 (delphinidin-3-sambubioside) 的含量，比較不同乾燥方式所產生的有效成分多寡，並預期熱風乾燥及冷凍乾燥法除了省時之外，其抗氧化能力以及有效成分含量皆優於傳統日曬法。不同乾燥組別的洛神花粉末其一般成分都以粗纖維及水分較高，各佔 12% 左右，灰分及粗蛋白較少，分別佔 6% 及 10% 左右，且只含有微量的的粗脂肪。粉末顏色部分，日曬組較亮且偏黃色，而熱風及凍乾組則為暗紅色，各組別萃取液均在 pH 3 左右，呈現酸性。在抗氧化能力分析方面，以冷凍乾燥及熱風乾燥的組別，其在各項抗氧化能力測試中均優於傳統日曬法。在總抗氧化能力測試中 (TEAC)，凍乾組優於熱風組，但在總酚含量、清除 DPPH 自由基能力及還原能力中，熱風組與凍乾組則沒有顯著差異，而總多酚類具有良好的抗氧化功效，與許多抗氧化實驗具有相關性，可以發現清除 DPPH 自由基能力以及還原能力都呈現高度相關性，與總抗氧化力呈現中度相關性，而與螯合亞鐵離子則無相關性。花青素 delphinidin-3-sambubioside 以及 cyanidin-3-sambubioside 的含量則是以冷凍乾燥洛神花之萃取液最多，其次為熱風乾燥洛神花之萃取液，而日曬組洛神花之萃取液含量最少。

In this study, we use fresh Roselle from Taitung County, Taiwan as a raw material. We used different drying conditions and extracted Roselle with 30% ethanol, and observed the changes in its antioxidant capacity, and then used high-performance liquid phase chromatograph to analyze the amount of the anthocyanin (delphinidin-3-sambubioside and cyanidin-3-sambubioside) in Roselle. It is expected that hot air drying and freeze-drying will not only shorten the drying time, but also produce dried Roselle with better antioxidant capacity and content of anthocyanin than traditional sun-drying. Different groups of dried Roselle powder are mainly composed of crude fiber and water, each about 12%. Less ash and crude protein are observed accounting about 6% and 10%, respectively, The dried powders contain trace amounts of fat. Sun-dried group looks yellow and is brighter than the other groups. In contrast, the freeze dried group looks red and dark. The pH values of each group were about 3, indicating that these powders are acidic. In terms of antioxidant capacity, freeze-dried and hot air dried groups are superior to the traditional method of sun-dried group. The results of antioxidant capacity test indicated that the total antioxidant capacity (TEAC) of freeze-dried group is better than hot air group. Nevertheless, the total phenolic content, DPPH free radical scavenging ability and reducing power of the hot air dried and free-dried groups show no significant difference. The antioxidative results are positively correlated with total phenol content, especially the DPPH free radical scavenging ability and reducing power. Freeze dried group contains more anthocyanin, delphinidin-3-sambubioside and cyanidin-3-sambubioside, followed by hot air dried group and sun-dried group.

摘要 IV
Abstract V
表目錄 IX
圖目錄 X
一、前言 1
二、文獻回顧 3
2.1.洛神花 3
2.1.1.洛神葵 3
2.1.2. 洛神花之型態與產地 3
2.1.2.1.名稱 3
2.1.2.2.型態 3
2.1.2.3.產地 3
2.1.3. 洛神花性狀 4
2.1.4.洛神花之營養價值 4
2.1.4.1花萼 4
2.1.4.2.葉子 4
2.1.4.3.種子 4
2.1.5.洛神花之有效成分 5
2.1.5.1.花青素 5
2.1.5.2.黃酮類化合物 5
2.2.乾燥 6
2.2.1.乾燥定義 6
2.2.2.熱風乾燥法 6
2.2.3.冷凍乾燥法 7
2.2.4.日曬法 8
2.3.自由基 8
2.3.1.自由基的定義 8
2.3.2.自由基的產生途徑 8
2.3.3.自由基主要的種類 9
2.3.3.1.超氧陰離子 9
2.3.3.2.過氧化氫 9
2.3.3.3.氫氧自由基 10
2.3.3.4.單重態氧 10
2.3.3.5.過氧化脂質自由基 10
2.4.抗氧化劑 11
2.4.1. 抗氧化劑的功能 11
2.4.1.1.自由基終止劑 11
2.4.1.2.還原劑或氧清除劑 11
2.4.1.3.金屬螯合劑 12
2.4.1.4.單重態氧抑制劑 12
2.4.1.5.過氧化物分解劑 12
2.4.1.6.酵素型抗氧化劑 12
2.4.2.天然抗氧化劑 12
2.4.2.1.多酚化合物 13
2.4.2.2.類黃酮 13
2.4.2.3.抗壞血酸 13
2.4.2.4.維生素E 13
2.4.2.5.類胡蘿蔔素 14
2.4.2.6.藥草及香辛料萃取物 14
三、實驗材料 15
3.1.實驗原料 15
3.2.實驗藥品 15
3.3.實驗儀器設備 15
四、實驗架構與方法 17
4.1.洛神花前處理 18
4.2.日曬 18
4.3.冷凍乾燥 18
4.4.熱風乾燥 18
4.5.洛神花萃取液製備 18
4.6.一般成分分析 18
4.6.1.水分 18
4.6.2.灰分 19
4.6.3.粗蛋白 19
4.6.4.粗脂肪 19
4.6.5.粗纖維 20
4.6.6.色澤分析 20
4.6.7.萃取液 pH 值測定 20
4.7.抗氧化能力分析 20
4.7.1. 總多酚類含量測定 20
4.7.2. 清除DPPH自由基能力測定 21
4.7.3. 螯合亞鐵離子能力測定 21
4.7.4. 總抗氧化能力 (TEAC) 22
4.7.5. 還原能力測定 22
4.8.花青素含量分析 23
4.8.1. cyanidin 及 delphinidin 分析 23
4.8.2. HPLC 分析條件 23
4.9. 統計分析 23
五、結果與討論 24
5.1.洛神花之一般組成 24
5.2.洛神花粉末之顏色分析及其萃取液 pH 值測定 24
5.3.不同乾燥條件之洛神花萃取液抗氧化活性之分析 25
5.3.1總多酚類含量測定 25
5.3.2清除 DPPH 自由基能力測定 25
5.3.3螯合亞鐵離子能力測定 26
5.3.4總抗氧化能力 (TEAC) 26
5.3.5還原能力測定 27
5.4.花青素含量分析 27
5.5.抗氧化活性與總多酚含量之關聯性分析 28
六、結論 29
七、參考文獻 30
八、表 37
九、圖 40
十、附錄 50

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