臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

過去數十年來，高溫造成全球性大規模珊瑚白化，然而低溫、溫差及其他環境因子與珊瑚白化之相關研究仍然不足。因此，本研究探討石珊瑚白化與溫度(高溫、低溫、溫差)、颱風以及氣候變遷指標之相關性。自2005年5月至2013年5月每季於墾丁南灣海域核三廠入、出水口各三條固定測線，進行水溫記錄及石珊瑚白化覆蓋率調查研究。結果發現，石珊瑚組成在入水口樣點以分支狀軸孔珊瑚(Acropora spp.) (40.7 ± 33.5%)為主，出水口樣點以團塊狀微孔珊瑚(Porites spp.) (17.5 ± 14.4%)以及分支狀千孔珊瑚(Millepora spp.) (12.5 ± 21.6%)比例較高。32次調查中，入水口有16~22次白化，出水口則有5~21次白化發生，且四季皆有白化現象。以固定橫截線入水口INF5與出水口EFF作為代表測線進行分析比較，石珊瑚之高溫白化閾值(Degree Heating Weeks, DHWs)入水口樣點(29.5°C)較出水口樣點(28.5°C)高。第一季入水口之白化現象與前28天之溫差變動範圍大有關，溫差越大白化越嚴重，但出水口處之白化現象與高溫或溫差皆無顯著相關；第二季，入水口及出水口之白化現象皆與高溫或溫差無顯著相關；第三季，入水口及出水口之白化現象皆與持續性高溫有關；第四季，入水口之白化現象與前28天之高溫相關性較高，期間前7天之溫差變動範圍大也是影響白化之因素，出水口樣點之白化則與前14天之溫差變動範圍小有關。颱風並非造成此兩樣點珊瑚於夏、秋兩季白化之主因。太平洋年代際振盪指標(Pacific Decadal Oscillation index, PDO index)與入水口珊瑚白化有顯著正相關，且珊瑚白化有1個月之時間延遲現象。總結而言，高溫、溫差變動範圍過大或過小皆與石珊瑚白化有關。同時，入、出水口四季石珊瑚白化與溫度的相關性不一致可能與此兩處石珊瑚組成種類不同有密切相關。

Events of high temperature causing large scale coral bleaching have been reported worldwide in last several decades. However, the role of low temperature, temperature fluctuation and other environmental factors in relation to coral bleaching is still insufficient. Here, the effects of temperature (high, low and fluctuation), typhoons and climate indices on stony coral bleaching were investigated seasonally at INF and EFF of Kenting, Taiwan, during May 2005 - May 2013. Based on the records of 3 fixed transect lines in each site, the branch Acropora (40.7 ± 33.5%) is the most abundant stony coral at INF. In contrast, the clump Porites (17.5 ± 14.4%) and the branch Millepora (12.5 ± 21.6%) are the major species at EFF. In a total of 32 surveys, coral bleaching occurred every season at both INF and EFF and bleaching times were 16~22 and 5~21, respectively. Further analyses with representative transect lines of INF5 and EFF showed that the Degree Heating Weeks (DHWs) at INF and EFF were 29.5 and 28.5°C. In the first season, coral bleaching was positively correlated with large temperature fluctuation 28 days before the bleaching survey at INF, but not at EFF. In the second season, no correlation between coral bleaching and heat or temperature fluctuation was observed at both sites. In the third season, coral bleaching was significantly correlated with continuous hot at both sites. In the fourth season, coral bleaching was correlated with 28 days’ heat before the survey at INF. And large temperature fluctuation 7 days before survey also affected the bleaching. In contrast, coral bleaching was correlated with small temperature fluctuation 14 days before survey at EFF. Typhoons didn’t have significant effect on coral bleaching at both sites and Pacific Decadal Oscillation index (PDO index) was positively correlated with coral bleaching at INF with one month time lag. In summary, stony coral bleaching occurred in every season at both sites. Heat, great or small temperature fluctuation all affected on the bleaching events. Difference in species composition of stony coral community is probably a crucial factor resulting in dissimilar bleaching patterns at INF and EFF.

謝辭 I
中文摘要 II
英文摘要 III
目錄 V
表目錄 VII
圖目錄 VIII
一、前言 1
二、材料與方法 4
2.1固定橫截線石珊瑚組成與白化比例變動調查 4
2.2水溫與石珊瑚白化相關性探討 4
2.2.1高溫閾值與石珊瑚白化相關性探討 5
2.2.2低溫閾值與石珊瑚白化相關性探討 5
2.2.3高溫、低溫及溫差與石珊瑚白化相關性探討 5
2.3颱風與石珊瑚白化相關性探討 6
2.4全球氣候變遷指標與石珊瑚白化相關性探討 6
三、結果 8
3.1固定橫截線石珊瑚白化覆蓋率變動調查 8
3.2水溫與石珊瑚白化相關性探討 8
3.2.1高溫閾值與石珊瑚白化相關性探討 9
3.2.2低溫閾值與石珊瑚白化相關性探討 9
3.2.3高溫、低溫及溫差與石珊瑚白化相關性探討 9
3.3颱風與石珊瑚白化相關性探討 10
3.4全球氣候變遷指標與石珊瑚白化相關性探討 11
四、討論 12
4.1高溫閾值與石珊瑚白化 12
4.2低溫閾值與石珊瑚白化 12
4.3高溫及溫差與石珊瑚白化 12
4.4颱風與石珊瑚白化 13
4.5全球氣候變遷指標與石珊瑚白化 13
4.6總結 14
五、參考文獻 15
表 18
圖 26

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Related Worldwide Websites (URL)：
中央氣象局：
http://www.cwb.gov.tw/V7/index.htm
中央氣象局颱風資料庫：
http://rdc28.cwb.gov.tw/data.php
Nino 3.4 index, NOAA, U.S.A.：
http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/analysis_monitoring/ensostuff/detrend.nino34.ascii.txt
The Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), JISAO, U.S.A：
http://jisao.washington.edu/pdo/
PDO index, JISAO, U.S.A：
http://jisao.washington.edu/pdo/PDO.latest