臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

製作義齒或是進行復形治療時除了牙齒的型態外，攸關美觀的重要條件之一便是顏色的匹配（Shade matching），顏色匹配是一相當複雜的過程，影響因素包括：觀察者、光源、背景等等；臨床上顏色的匹配通常是以比色板（Shade guide）針對鄰牙或對側牙弓的牙齒來進行顏色的比對，並選出最適當的色標作為選擇復形材料顏色的參考，本實驗的目的主要是探討牙科從業人員及非牙科從業人員以比色板進行顏色匹配時的鑑別能力。選取對象分別是61位牙醫師、60位其他牙科相關人員及62位非牙科從業人員。測試時選用兩組完全相同的VITA Lumin比色板，在其中一組比色板中選取A1、A2、B2、B4、C3及D3六個色標，以1∼6號的數字標示及記錄後，將原有顏色註記遮蓋；而另一組比色板上的色標則是以1~16等數字標示後，將原有顏色標記遮蓋，測試時受測人員在沒有時間、環境的限制下，設法在所選取的6個色標中，逐一從比色板色標中找出相對應的色標並將其號碼記錄之。另外，也從文獻找出Vita Lumin 色標的CIE 色彩系統中L*a*b*值作為比較時的依據。在定義上每個色標的顏色鑑別力為所選取之色標和原本正確色標間之差異，而每個測試人員的顏色鑑別力則是這6個色標顏色鑑別力的平均值。利用單因子變異數分析與事後比較（One-way ANOVA / post-hoc）統計的結果顯示，三組受測人員間對於顏色鑑別力沒有統計上的明顯差異，而顏色鑑別的難易度由低至高分別為：A1、D3、A2、C3、B2、B4。因此，未來的研究去設法增加牙醫師、牙科從業人員的顏色鑑別力是必要的，因為實驗結果顯示牙醫師、牙科從業人員的顏色鑑別力遠低於我們一般人所認知的情況，無可避免的，這將對於其每日之美容牙科治療工作造成許多失誤！

Besides the optimal morphology, the esthetic result of a prosthodontic or restorative treatment may come from, most importantly, the “shade matching”. Shade matching is a very complicated process involving observer, illuminant, and background etc., In dental clinic, the shade guide was used to match the shade of the tooth or teeth to be restored, with that of the adjacent teeth or the teeth on the opposite arch. The “matched “shade then was used as a reference for selection of the restorative materials with the “right color”. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the differentiability of the dentists and non-dentist groups for shade matching. The testing subjects consist of 61 dentists, 60 dental auxiliary personnel, and 62 non-dentistry related people. Two same, commercially available Vita Lumin shade guides were used as the tools for shade matching. The A1, A2, B2, B4, C3 and D3 shade tabs coded as number 1 to 6, were selected from one shade guide with the shade labels masked. Without time and environment limitation, each subject used these six number-coded tabs, one at a time, to match and select a number coded shade tab with the “right color”, of which the shade label also has been masked. A published table with the C.I.E. L* a* b* values of the color of the shade tabs on Vita Lumin shade guide are used as a reference. The color difference between the chosen shade and the “correct shade” from the reference table were used as the measure for the color differentiability for the very shade, and the total difference of the six shade tab chosen by a subject was then used as the measure for the color differentiability of the very subject. Results and statistical analysis by One-way ANOVA and/or the post-hoc statistics show that color differentiability is not significantly different among the three groups of testing subjects, and the color differentiability, in ascending order, for the six chosen colors is A1, D3, A2, C3, B2, B4. Further researches may be needed to explore the possibility for increasing the color differentiability of the dentists and dental auxiliary personnel, because the results shown that the color differentiability of the dentists and dental auxiliary personnel are far below than that recognized by general knowledge and errors may occur inevitably in the esthetic dental treatments during daily dental practice.

目 錄
「圖」目錄----------------------------------------------------------------------Ⅴ
「表」目錄----------------------------------------------------------------------Ⅵ
「附錄」目錄-------------------------------------------------------------------Ⅸ
中文摘要-------------------------------------------------------------------------Ⅹ
英文摘要----------------------------------------------------------------------ⅩⅡ
一、緒論--------------------------------------------------------------------------1
（一）前言-----------------------------------------------------------------------1
（二）光學基本原理-----------------------------------------------------------1
1.視覺現象的三要素------------------------------------------------------------2
2.色彩的三屬性------------------------------------------------------------------4
（三）描述顏色的方法--------------------------------------------------------6
1.曼塞爾色彩系統---------------------------------------------------------------6
2.國際照明委員會色彩系統---------------------------------------------------6
（四）測量顏色的方法--------------------------------------------------------7
1.光譜儀---------------------------------------------------------------------------7
2.比色計---------------------------------------------------------------------------7
3.標準色板------------------------------------------------------------------------8
（五）牙科臨床上正常比色的方法-----------------------------------------8
1.選擇適當的比色板------------------------------------------------------------9
2.卸除多餘的化妝品與裝飾---------------------------------------------------9
3.比色前需將牙齒清潔乾淨---------------------------------------------------9
4.牙醫師要站在燈光與病人之間---------------------------------------------9
5.快速瀏覽一次所有的比色色標--------------------------------------------10
6.選擇二個最相近的色標-----------------------------------------------------10
7.選擇齒頸部的顏色-----------------------------------------------------------10
8.最後選擇切端的顏色--------------------------------------------------------10
（六）影響比色的因素與遭遇困難----------------------------------------11
1.視覺現象的三要素影響-----------------------------------------------------11
2.比色板涵蓋自然牙的問題--------------------------------------------------16
3.數位影像的應用--------------------------------------------------------------16
4.標準測量顏色工具-----------------------------------------------------------17
5.溝通問題-----------------------------------------------------------------------18
二、研究目的-------------------------------------------------------------------19
三、實驗設計-------------------------------------------------------------------20
（一）研究對象----------------------------------------------------------------20
（二）實驗材料----------------------------------------------------------------21
（三）實驗方法----------------------------------------------------------------22
（四）資料運算與分析-------------------------------------------------------22
四、材料與方法----------------------------------------------------------------24
（一）實驗對象----------------------------------------------------------------24
（二）實驗材料----------------------------------------------------------------25
（三）實驗方法----------------------------------------------------------------25
（四）資料運算與分析-------------------------------------------------------26
五、結果-------------------------------------------------------------------------27
（一）樣本色標與人員組別的人數統計及答對率----------------------28
（二）樣本色標與答題分佈人數-------------------------------------------29
（三）人員性別對於顏色匹配的相關性----------------------------------31
（四）人員年資與顏色鑑別能力的分析----------------------------------33
（五）受測人員年齡與顏色匹配的相關性-------------------------------33
（六）各組人員間在統計學上鑑別匹配能力之差異-------------------35
（七）不同人員組別對六種顏色色標鑑別能力之分析----------------35
（八）樣本色標間在統計學上鑑別能力之差異-------------------------37
（九）不同樣本色標對人員組別間鑑別匹配能力之分析-------------37
六、討論-------------------------------------------------------------------------40
（一）實驗設計之探討-------------------------------------------------------40
1.實驗材料選擇-----------------------------------------------------------------40
2.實驗對象選擇-----------------------------------------------------------------41
3.實驗方法選擇-----------------------------------------------------------------42
（二）實驗結果的觀察與分析----------------------------------------------45
1.觀察者身份職業--------------------------------------------------------------45
2.觀察者性別--------------------------------------------------------------------46
3.觀察者年齡與工作經驗年資-----------------------------------------------47
4.色標間的鑑別力分析--------------------------------------------------------48
（三）綜觀結果----------------------------------------------------------------50
（四）研究限制----------------------------------------------------------------51
七、結論-------------------------------------------------------------------------53
圖次-------------------------------------------------------------------------------54
表次-------------------------------------------------------------------------------69
參考文獻------------------------------------------------------------------------109

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