臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究為開發溫感性(Thermal sensitive)可崩解的無載體面膜，在接觸皮膚溫度時能使面膜融溶，以減少使用後丟棄的面膜載體所衍生的廢棄物處理問題。此薄膜使用熱展開魚皮明膠(Heat-unfolded gelatin, HG)以及酵素水解魚皮明膠(Peptide of hydrolyzed heat-unfolded gelatin, HGP)做為主材料，添加幾丁聚醣(Chitosan, Chi)及羥丙基甲基纖維素(hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, HPMC)，作為助成膜劑，並以甘油(Glycerin, Gly)及山梨醣醇(Sorbital, Sor)作為增塑劑改善其機械性質及熱融性。魚皮明膠經121oC熱處理2小時後，分子量分佈於66~16 kDa之間，使用示差掃描熱分析發現結構變化溫度由74.9℃(明膠)降低為55.1℃(HG2)，顯示熱處理使明膠蛋白質結構展開、降解，使熱安定性降低。再以Alcalase/Pronase E複合水解HG，結果顯示HG可以減少酵素的使用量，得到更多11~4kDa的小分子HGP。考量易於鋪膜(高較流動性)、易成膜及較易脫模的特性，選擇HGP/HG混合比例為2/3，由於Chi/HPMC兩者共混的結構轉變溫度(63.4℃)較單一使用Chi或HPMC還低，而溫水可溶率為86.8%較單一使用Chi或HPMC還高，故添加Chi/HPMC兩者共混作為助成膜劑以增加機械強度，並以10% Sor/Gly改善其延展性，得到溫感性薄膜拉伸強度為1642 kPa，伸張率為111%。經由影像分析評估溫感性生物膜在35℃環境下，面積的變化量，發現融解後生物膜面積能在10 min內增加40%，顯示添加親水性的Chi/HPMC及Sor/Gly可以提高熱融效果，並反映溫感性生物膜可以在人體皮膚溫度下融溶。

This study is to develop a thermal sensitive and disintegratable non-carrier bio-film which could be melted by skin temperature and could reduce waste disposal problems of the facial mask. Heat-unfolded fish skin gelatin (HG) and peptide of hydrolyzed heat-unfolded gelatin (HGP) were applied as the major material. Chitosan (Chi) and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) were applied as film-forming aids, glycerin (Gly) and sorbitol (Sor) were applied as plasticizer to improve mechanical and thermal melting properties of films. The molecular weight of HG was 66~16 kDa after 2 hr heating at 121oC. The structure transition temperature (Ts) decreased from 74.9 ℃ (gelatin) to 55.1 ℃ (HG2) in DSC thermograms. The HG was then hydrolyzed with combination of Alcalase and Pronase E. The fewer enzymes were utilized for HG than those for gelatin and more HGP with 11~4 kDa were obtained. The HGP was blended with HG with a ratio of HGP:HG=2:3 to facilitate the casting (desirable flow properties), film forming and stripping process. The combination of Chi/HPMC were applied as film-forming aids since they can lessen the Ts (63.4℃) and increase warm water solubility (86.8%) of films as compare with individual Chi or HPMC added films. The mechanical strength and the extensibility of films were improved by adding combination of Chi/HPMC and 10% Sor/Gly, respectively. The tensile strength and elongation at break of films were 1642 kPa and 111%, respectively. According to the image analysis, the area of thermal sensitive bio-film increased 40% within 10 min at 35℃, reflected the hydrophilic Chi/HPMC and Sor/Gly improved the thermal melting of film which could be melted around skin temperature.

中文摘要 I
Abstract II
謝誌 III
目錄 IV
表目錄 VI
圖目錄 VII
壹、前言 1
貳、文獻回顧 2
一、明膠及水解明膠胜肽 2
(一) 明膠 2
(二) 水產明膠 3
(三) 酵素水解明膠胜肽 4
二、 高分子助成膜劑 5
(一) 幾丁聚醣(Chitosan, Chi) 5
(二) 羥丙基甲基纖維素(hydroxy propylmethyl cellulose, HPMC) 6
三、 皮膚 6
(一) 皮膚構造及功能 6
(二) 皮膚老化及化妝品吸收 7
(三) 面膜種類及功效 7
參、材料與方法 9
一、實驗架構 9
二、樣品製備 10
(一) 製備熱展開明膠(Heat-unfolded gelatin, HG) 10
(二) 製備水解明膠胜肽(Peptide of hydrolyzed heat-unfolded gelatin, HGP) 10
三、薄膜製程方法 10
四、分析方法 10
(一) SDS聚丙烯醯胺膠體電泳(sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, SDS-PAGE ) 10
(二) Tricine SDS-PAGE 10
(三) 高效能液相層析(high performance liquid chromatography, HPLC) 11
(四) 厚度(thickness) 11
(五) 拉伸強度與伸張率 11
(六) 水分含量 11
(七) 溫水可溶性(Warm water solubility index) 12
(八) 膜融解面積變化影像紀錄 . 12
(九) 示差掃描熱分析(differential scanning calorimetry, DSC) 12
(十) 流變性質 12
(十一) 掃描式電子顯微鏡(Scanning electron microscopy, SEM) 12
(十二) 水蒸汽穿透速率(Water vapor transmission rate, WVTR) 13
五、皮膚 13
(一) 舒適及服貼性評估 13
(二) 紅腫過敏 13
六、統計分析 13
肆、結果與討論 14
一、加熱處理對於魚皮明膠之影響 14
(一) 熱展開魚皮明膠其分子量分佈及物理性質 14
(二) 明膠熱展開對於酵素水解的影響 15
二、成膜性質評估 15
(一) HG與HGP比例及靜置時間評估 15
三、薄膜性質 16
(一) 助成膜劑對於溫感性生物膜表面結構及機械性質的影響 16
(二) 增塑劑對於溫感性生物膜表面結構及機械性質的影響 16
(三) 溫感性生物膜熱性質 17
四、皮膚測試 18
(一) 滿意度評估 18
(二) 紅腫過敏 18
伍、結論 19
陸、參考文獻 20
柒、表 28
捌、圖 31
玖、附錄 57

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