臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

2002年政府宣佈推出兩兆雙星計畫，其中即選擇半導體產業為預期產值破新臺幣兆元的關鍵零組件產業，此外，台灣IC封測產業產值目前為世界第一，更大幅領先於世界各國，隨著大陸半導體產業市場的崛起，台灣面臨極大的威脅和挑戰，如何保持目前的優勢和持續領先，實為目前最大的課題，因此企業必須改變績效評估的模式，以適應新的挑戰和競爭環境。
本研究之目的希望建立出更客觀的績效評估模式，藉此提供該產業實行績效評估政策的量化指標及管理參考依據。研究流程如下： (1)歸納整理半導體相關產業績效評估之文獻，找尋適合的投入項和產出項; (2)應用層級分析法（Analytic Hierarchy Process, AHP)和模糊理論(Fuzzy)求算出各投入項和產出項的權重值，以解決權重不客觀的問題; (3)利用資料包絡分析法(Data Envelopment Analysis, DEA)求算各廠商績效並結合保證區域(Assurance Region, AR)模式和模糊權重排序出封測廠在2010年的績效排名並且利用差額變數分析提出改善方針; (4)長期分析方面則利用視窗分析法(Window Analysis)、麥氏生產力指數(Malmquist Productivity Index, MPI) 進行封測廠2008至2010年度的績效評估;(5)利用超級差額變數分析(Super SBM)模式解決多個決策單位之效率值同為1的問題。最後研究發現，透過DEA/AR、模糊權重、Super SBM模式分析使各DMU鑑別度優於傳統DEA模式，且透過視窗分析和麥式生產力指數模式分析後發現，大型封測廠長期穩定性方面比其他中小型廠商來的好。

The"Two Trillion and Twin Star Development Program"was promoted since 2002. The prior promotion is the key components in the semiconductor industry production and its value is expected to exceed NTD one trillion. Although, the revenue of Taiwan’s IC Packaging and Testing industry is currently first in the world, Taiwan faces a great threats and challenges with the rise of the semiconductor industry in China’s market. The most important issue is how to maintain the current advantages and keep the leading. In order to adapt the new challenges and this competitive environment, the companies must change their performance evaluation model.
The purpose of this research is to establish a more objective performance evaluation model and provide the reference of quantitative indicators and management to the industry. First, summarized the performance evaluation literature that related to the semiconductor industry and found the suitable input and output items; Second, used Analytic Hierarchy Process and Fuzzy to calculate the weight of input and output items in order to fix the unbalanced weight problems; Third, used the Data Envelopment to calculate the performance of various manufactories and sort the performance rankings of the Packaging and Testing manufactories in 2010 by Assurance Region and Fuzzy weight then used the slack variable analysis to provide the corrective action; Fourth, in the long-tern analysis, used Window Analysis and Malmquist Productivity Index to evaluate the performance evaluation of the Packaging and Testing manufactories from 2008 to 2010; Fifth, used Slacks-Based Measure of Super-Efficiency Model to solve the problem of efficiency value equal to 1 in various manufactories. This research results reveal that DEA/AR、Fuzzy weight and Super SBM models have more discriminatory ability than the basic DEA models. In addition, according to the Window Analysis and Malmquist Productivity Index models, it is found that big IC Packaging and Testing industry manufacturers have more long-term stability than other small and medium manufacturers.

摘　要 i
ABSTRACT ii
誌 謝 iv
目 錄 v
表目錄 vii
圖目錄 ix
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究背景與動機 1
1.2 研究目的 2
1.3 研究流程 2
第二章 文獻探討 4
2.1 半導體產業現況 4
2.2 績效評估方法 6
2.3 資料包絡法 8
2.3.1 資料包絡法在半導體產業應用文獻 11
2.4 小結 14
第三章 研究方法 15
3.1 研究架構 15
3.2 DEA理論緣起 17
3.3 DEA使用程序 18
3.4 DEA模式 20
3.4.1 CCR模式 20
3.4.2 BCC模式 21
3.4.3 保證區域模式(AR) 22
3.4.4 麥氏指數生產力(MPI) 23
3.4.5 視窗分析(Window Analysis) 24
3.4.6 超級差額變數分析(Super SBM) 25
3.5 分析層級程序(AHP) 28
3.6 模糊理論(Fuzzy) 31
第四章 案例分析 35
4.1 變數的選擇 35
4.2 資料描述與相關性分析 36
4.3 分析結果 38
4.3.1 CCR、BCC模式分析 38
4.3.2 差額變數分析 42
4.3.3 敏感度分析結果 45
4.3.4 麥氏指數生產力分析 45
4.3.5 保證區域模式分析 49
4.3.6 模糊理論分析 50
4.3.7 視窗分析 52
4.3.8 Super SBM模式分析 54
4.4 小結 55
第五章 結論與建議 57
5.1 結論 57
5.2 管理意涵 57
5.3 建議與未來研究方向 58
參考文獻 59
附錄A1 封測廠專家問卷 63
附錄A2 2008至2010年個案公司原始資料 68

1.台灣證券交易所網站(2011)，上市上櫃公司財務資料（2008~2010）
取自:http：//www.tse.com.tw
2.經濟部投資業務處(2008)，半導體產業分析及投資機會
取自:http://twbusiness.nat.gov.tw/pdf/industry/15-Semiconductor-cn.pdf
3.經濟部工業局半導體產業推動辦公室(2010)
取自:http://proj.moeaidb.gov.tw/sipo/
4.2009年全球半導體產業現況
取自:
http://www.nspark.org.tw/webfiles/analysis_20100517_1.pdf，2010
5.科技產業資訊室(2010)
取自: http://cdnet.stpi.org.tw/techroom/analysis/2010/pat_10_A001.htm
6.高強、黃旭男、Toshiyuki Sueyoshi ，管理績效評估-資料包絡分析法，華泰出版社，2003
7.孫遜，資料包絡分析法-理論與應用，揚智出版社，2004
8.李明德，以資料包絡法分析半導體封裝測試廠經營績效，碩士論文，逢甲
大學工業工程與系統管理研究所，台中，2008。
9.葉日維，臺灣半導體製造業經營效率之分析，碩士論文，開南大學企業與
創業管理學系，桃園，2009。
10.謝哲明，半導體封測廠經營效率之研究，碩士論文，義守大學管理研究所，
高雄，2006。
11.楊岳霖，我國3C通路商經營效率之研究－以資料包絡法分析，碩士論文，
雲林科技大學工業工程與管理研究所，雲林，2007。
12.郭于賢，全球前十五大IC設計公司經營績效之研究－DEA方法之應用，碩
士論文，東吳大學企業管理學系，臺北，2006。
13.陳郁文，納入風險因子之銀行績效分析－不同DEA模式比較，碩士論文，
東吳大學經濟學系，臺北，2006。
14.張朝富，外匯在銀行效率扮演角色之研究－SUPER SBM及MALMQUIST
生產力指數，碩士論文，東吳大學經濟學系，臺北，2008。
15.邱永和、柯慈儀、楊雯如、林藹新，電子業赴大陸投資之績效評估，真理財
經學報，第十九期，2008，第1-30頁。
16.游聲裕，我國電腦及週邊產業企業經營績效剖析，碩士論文，成功大學企業管理研究所，臺南，2000。
17.蕭靜芬，全球光纖通訊廠商購併之研究－DEA法之應用，碩士論文，交通 大學管理科學研究所，新竹，2002。
18.葉忠、謝秀杏， DEA評估台灣標竿企業之研究，僑光學報第22期，2003，第13-34頁。
19.馮秀鳳，半導體產業經營效率之研究－資料包絡分析法之應用，碩士論文，中原大學會計學系，桃園，2002。
20.曾國雄，DEA評估基本模式之構建，開南大學，2005
21.張世其、胡秋江，台灣電子零組件通路商經營績效之評估：資料包絡分析 法之應用，管理研究學報，第1卷，第1期，2001，第 97-121頁。
22.韓慧林，台灣地區半導體業績效評估，管理研究學報，第1卷，第4期，2004，第71-89頁。
23.黃旭男，資料包絡分析法使用程序之研究及其在非營利組織效率評估上之 應用，博士論文，交通大學管理科學研究所，新竹，1993。
24.A. Charnes, W. W. Cooper and E. Rhodes, "Measuring the Efficiency of Decision Making Units", European Journal of Operational Research, vol.2, 1987, pp.429-444.
25.A. Charnes, W. W. Cooper, "Preface to Topics in Data Envelopment Analysis", Annals of Operations Research, vol.2, 1985, pp.59-94.
26.B. M. Balk,"Scale Efficiency and Productivity Change," Journal of Productivity Analysis, vol.15, 2001, pp.159-183.
27.C.Serrano-Cina,Y. Fuertes-Callen and C. Mar-Molinero, "Measuring DEA efficiency in Internet companies," Decision Support System, vol.38, no.5, 2005,pp.557-573
28.D. H. Dubois and Prade, "Operations on fuzzy numbers, " International Journal of System Science, vol. 9 , no.6, 1978, pp. 613-626.
29.F. H. Liu and P. H. Wang, "DEA Malmquist productivity measure: Taiwanese semiconductor companies, " International Journal of Production Economics, vol.112, no.1, 2008, pp.367-379.
30.G.Kozmetsky and P.Yue,"Comparative Performance of Global Semiconductor Companies",Management Science, vol.26, no.2, 1998, pp.153-175
31.G.E. Battese,D.S.P.Rao and C. J. O’Donnell, "A Metafrotier Production Function for Estimation of Technical Efficiencies and Technology Gaps for Firms Operating Under Different Technologies,"Journal of Productivity Analysis, vol.21, 2004, pp.91-103.
32.J. W. Lee , S. H .Kim, "using analytic network process and goal programming for interdependent information system project selection",Computers&Operations Research, 2000, pp.367-382
33.J.Liu, F. Ding and V. Lal, "Using data envelopment analysis to comparesuppliers for supplier selection and performance improvement, "Supply ChainManagement: An International Journal, vol. 5, no.3 , 2000, pp.143–150.
34.J. R. Montoya-Torres,"Manufacturing performance evaluation in wafer semiconductor factories," International Jounal of Productivity and Performance Management, vol.55, no.3-4, 2006, pp.300-310.
35.K. Tone, "A Slacks-Based Measure of Efficiency in Data Envelopment Analysis, " European Journal of Operational Research, vol.130, 2001, pp 498-509.
36.M. J. Farrell, "The Measurement of Productive Efficiency,"Journal of the Royalstatistical Society, Series A, General, vol.120, part3, 1957, pp.253-281.
37.M. H. Fazel Zarandi, M. R. Sadrabadi and I. Burhan Turksen, "A Fuzzy Model for Supplier Selection and Development, " Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, vol. 41, 2007, pp.831–841.
38.P. Andersen and N.C Petersen, "A Procedure for Ranking Efficiency Units in Date Envelopment Analysis,"Management Science, vol.39, 1993, pp.1261-1264.
39.R. D. Banker.,A. Charnes and W. W. Cooper, "Some Models for Estimating Technical and Scale Inefficiency in Data Envelopment Analysis", Management Science, vol.30, no.9, 1984, pp.1078-1092.
40.R. G. Thompson, F. D. Singleton, R. M. Thrall and B. A Smith, "Comparative Site Evaluations for Locating High Energy Lab in Texas,"Interfaces, vol.16,1986, pp.1380-1395.
41.R. Fare and S. Grosskopf, "Malmquist Productivity Indexes and Fisher Ideal Indexes, " The Economic Journal ",vol.102, no.410, 1992, pp.158-160.
42.R.D.Banker and R.C.Morey,"The Use of Categorical Variables in Data Envelopment Analysis, "Management Science,vol.32,no.12, 1986, pp.1613-1627.
43.Sarkis Joseph, "A comparative analysis of DEA as a discrete alternative multiple criteria decision tool, " European Journal of Operational Research 123,2000,pp.543–557.
44.Sten Thore, Fren philips, T. W. Ruefli and P. Yue, "DEA And The Management of The Product Cycle：The U.S, "Computer Industry. Computer & operation research, vol.23, no.4, 1996, pp.341–356 .
45.T. L Saaty, M. Takizawa,"Dependence and independence: From linear hierarchies to nonlinear networks", European Journal of Operational Research,vol.26, 1986, pp.229-237
46.W. Y. Wu, H. J. Tsai, K. Y Cheng and M. K. Lai, "Assessment of intellectual capital management in Taiwanese IC design companies: using DEA and the Malmquist productivity index",R&D Management, vol.36, no.5, 2006 pp.531-545.
47.W. M. Lu and S. W. Hung, "Assessing the Performance of Vertically Disintegrated Chain by the DEA Approach－A case study of Taiwanese semiconductor firms, "International Journal of Production Research, vol.48, no.4, 2010, pp.1155-1170.
48.Y. Luo, "Product Diversification in International Joint Ventures: Performance Implications in an Emerging Market, " Strategic Management Journal, vol.23, no.1, 2002, pp.1-20.
49.Y. Chen and Agha Iqbal Ali, "DEA Malmquist productivity measure: New insights with an application to computer industry",European Journal of Operational Research 159, 2004, pp.239–249.