臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

在太平洋各島嶼，以卡瓦(kava, Piper methysticum)做為藥用與儀式用的植物已有數百年歷史。近二十年來，卡瓦被引進世界其他地區做為植物性鎮定劑用以治療焦慮症。雖有若干報告指出卡瓦造成某些病患皮膚過敏反應或肝毒性傷害，但在控制劑量與服用期間的臨床試驗及動物實驗中，證實卡瓦較安慰劑在減緩焦慮的症狀上有明顯的功效，而曾報導過之副作用則屬溫和、短暫而少見。自古以來，在亞洲地區，芝麻與芝麻油因富含芝麻素與芝麻林酚素等芝麻木酚素，早被視為保肝解毒的健康食品。本研究主要目的在於探討卡瓦是否造成肝損傷，及芝麻木酚素是否可減緩四氯化碳添加卡瓦所導致之大鼠肝損傷。雄性Sprague-Dawley大鼠分六組分別餵食玉米油當對照組、卡瓦、卡瓦與芝麻木酚素、四氯化碳、四氯化碳與卡瓦、四氯化碳與卡瓦及芝麻木酚素後，持續紀錄其體重變化、飲食攝取量與血液中丙胺酸轉胺酶、天冬胺酸轉胺酶及鹼性磷酸酶酵素活性。四週後犧牲大鼠，取得器官重量及肝臟脂肪變性、纖維化等組織病理分析數據。第二十八天時，三組攝取四氯化碳的實驗組均表現出飲食攝取量降低及體重減少的現象，同時這三組實驗組動物的肝臟重量有明顯增加。因四氯化碳引起的肝臟傷害在合併餵食卡瓦時略有惡化，但若同時餵食芝麻木酚素則肝臟損傷明顯減緩，其結果與肝臟脂肪變性及纖維化評估分級一致。在單獨餵食卡瓦或是餵食卡瓦加芝麻木酚素組動物中，並無任何肝臟損傷現象。從血液丙胺酸轉胺酶、天冬胺酸轉胺酶及鹼性磷酸酶活性檢測結果同樣顯示，無論是否合併卡瓦萃取物餵食，芝麻木酚素對因四氯化碳引起之肝臟損傷有明顯的保護作用。綜此結論，在本研究測試條件下卡瓦並未導致肝損傷；而無論是否添加卡瓦，芝麻木酚素均顯著緩解四氯化碳所導致之大鼠肝損傷。同時服用芝麻木酚素可克服卡瓦增加肝損傷的潛在危險，應可增廣卡瓦的應用性。

Kava (Piper methysticum) has been used in Pacific islands as a medicinal and ceremonial plant for centuries. In the past two decades, kava was introduced to the rest of world as an herbal tranquilizer for anxiety disorders. Though allergic responses and hepatic toxicities have been noted, match cohort clinical studies and animal experiments suggested a significant effect towards a reduction of anxiety in patients receiving kava extract compared with those receiving placebo. As stated in a Cochrane review of kava for treating anxiety, the adverse effects ever reported were mild, transient and infrequent. Sesame seeds and sesame oil have long been used as health foods in Asia to suppress lipid peroxidation and ROS formation while promoting liver detoxification, which may attribute to its abundant lignans, such as sesamin and sesamolin. Specific aim of this study was to examine whether kava alone might induce liver damage, and whether the liver damage after ingesting kava (Piper methysticum) under a liver-injuring condition could be alleviated via coadministration of sesame lignans. Male SD rats were fed with various combinations of kava root extract, sesame lignans and CCl4. Body weight, diet intake, and serum activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate transferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were recorded along with the course. Four weeks later, organ weights and histopathological data including liver steatosis and fibrosis were obtained after sacrifice. At day 28, both the diet intakes and body weights of rats decreased, and their relative liver weights increased considerably in all three CCl4-treated groups compared to the control group. In accord with the levels of pathological steatosis and fibrosis, the liver damage caused by CCl4 was somewhat worse when kava extract was coingested, but significantly alleviated when sesame lignans were coadministrated; whereas no detectable liver damage was observed in the kava or kava plus sesame lignans group. The protective effect of sesame lignans against liver injury caused by CCl4 with or without kava extract was also demonstrated in the significantly reduced activities of plasma ALT, AST and ALP. It is concluded that kava alone did not cause noticeable liver damage under our test conditions. Sesame lignans significantly alleviate liver damage of rats caused by carbon tetrachloride with or without kava. The potential risk of kava’s hepatotoxicity can be greatly circumvented and the applications of kava may be further extended by coadministration of sesame lignans.

中文摘要
英文摘要
論文正文
前言
1.卡瓦
2.卡瓦的成份
3.卡瓦在臨床上的應用
4.卡瓦的肝毒性
5.芝麻
6.芝麻木酚素及功效
研究目的與重要性
材料與方法
結果
討論
結論
參考文獻
圖目
附圖

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