臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文提出以最低的風力發電機裝設總成本為目標，在滿足各項限制式條件下，求解配電系統中裝置小型風力發電機組的最佳位置及台數，並考量在負載成長、風機發電量、電價及碳價等等變動環境之下，模擬分析各種不同情境之下，裝設風力發電機對系統成本影響及經濟效益評估。本論文首先是以配電系統為例，在未來負載的預測值之下，透過等效電流注入法 (Equivalent Current Injection, ECI)模擬各個負載點電壓及線路負載潮流之狀況。其次以最小損失為目標函數，在各種運轉限制條件下，結合粒子群優演算法(Particle Swarm Optimization, PSO)，計算求出風機的最佳風機轉速及最佳風機迎風角度，並進而求得最佳發電量、風力發電機組應裝設數目及風力發電機組穢顒漲鼽m，計算裝設風力發電機後最佳的發電總成本。最後結合電價變動及碳價買賣交易市場，考量在風機發電量、電價及碳價變動環境之下，以IEEE 69-Bus配電系統為例，模擬分析各種不同情境之下，裝設風力發電機對整體經濟利益之影響，提供決策人員裝設適當風力發電機，以降低系統損失及提升電壓品質，在最佳投資及環境政策尋求一平衡點，對未來電力自由化及碳交易市場中具有指引之方針。
關鍵詞：風力發電機，電力自由化、最佳位置、電流注入法、粒子群優演算法

Abstract
This thesis presents the lowest total installed cost of wind turbines as the goal to solve the distribution system in a small wind turbine installations the best location and number of units under the operational constraints. By considering the load growth, the output of wind power, electricity prices, and carbon prices, the system cost and economic impact are evaluated in the different scenarios due to the installation of wind turbines. This thesis is first taken the distribution systems as an example. By considering load growth, the bus voltage and line loadflow in the distribution system are simulated by using loadflow program with Equivalent Current Injection(ECI). Next take the best cost as the objective function, the Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO) is used to find the optimal velocities and pitch angles and optimal location of wind turbine under each kind of operational limiting condition. The total cost is thus obtained from the searching process. Finally the combining electricity price change and the carbon price trading market, the various strategies that are associated with different wind power, electricity price, and carbon price are simulated and analyzed. The efficiency and ability of this thesis is demonstrated by the IEEE 69-bus. Simulation results can help decision makers not only perform the proper installation site selection of wind turbine to reduce system loss, and maintain the voltage profile but also take the tradeoff between optimal investment and environmental policy for the future electricity market and carbon market.
Keywords：Wind Turbine, Power Market. Optimal Location, Equivalent Current Injection, Particle Swarm Optimization

中文摘要 Ι英文摘要 Ⅱ
目錄 Ⅲ
表目錄 Ⅴ
圖目錄 Ⅵ
第1章緒論 1
1-1研究背景與動機 1
1-2 研究的目的 3
1-3 文獻回顧 3
1-4 論文架構 6

第2章問題描述 8
2-1前言 8
2-2風力發電機發電特性 9
2-3風力發電機之最佳裝機台數及最佳位置 12
2-4投資風力發電機組之經濟效益 15
第3章 研究方法與理論 17
3-1前言 17
3-2電流注入法 17
3-2-1電流注入法負載匯流排模型推導 18
3-2-2 電流注入法電壓控制匯流排模型推導 26
3-2-3 完整的電流注入法負載潮流推導 28
3-3 粒子群演算法基本概念 31
3-4 電流注入法結合粒子群演算法之應用 34
第4章 範例測試與結果分析 37
4-1風力發電最佳裝置成本之模擬 37
4-2考量負載成長風力發電機組最佳裝置成本之模擬 41
4-2-1負載增長五年後之模擬 44
4-2-3 負載增長十五年後之模擬 48
4-2-4 負載增長二十年後之模擬 52
4-3 風力發電機組經濟效益之評估 55
4-3-1 變動電價經濟效益之評估 56
4-3-2 變動碳價經濟效益之評估 58
4-3-3 風機發電量變動經濟效益之評估 61
4-3-4 風機投資年限成本回收效益之評估 62
4-4 本章結論 65
第5章 結論與未來研究方向 68
5-1 結論 68
5-2 未來研究方向 70
參考文獻 71

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