臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究的主要目的，是要評估獨立型太陽能-風力混合發電系統之可用度及成本/效益問題。可用度評估方面，首先先根據每月日平均日照以及風速資料產生每小時日照以及風速變化狀況，然後再建立其模型和模擬方法，以作為評估的工具。其中模型部份包含有太陽光電發電系統模型、風力發電機模型、柴油發電機模型、及電池模型等，並在隨時間改變的負載之下，以蒙地卡羅法來模擬此系統的可用度。成本效益計算方面，我們將基於系統的可用度條件之下，同時考慮再生能源設備投資及能源節省效益的成本/效益問題，以決定可行的投資策略。
本研究的主要貢獻在於推導採用可廣泛應用於各地的再生能源設備模型，並將可充放電的電池列入獨立型太陽能-風力混合發電系統的可用度及成本/效益評估之中。以往模擬合成每小時日照或風速的方法都有一個共通缺點，就是只研究日照或風速資料本身，而不管地點的緯度及大氣狀態，而造成所用公式只能侷限在某個地方使用。所以，在建立模型時需考量其在各地區廣泛的利用性。電池的模型我們採用動力學電池模型，此模型將電池視為是兩個儲存槽，它可用來決定每次時間點，電池可以充電或放電的最大功率。此模型的好處是可以用時間序列的方式來處理進出電池功率的計算，且只要三個參數就可以來描述此兩槽系統，而此三組參數可由電池放電曲線來決定。

The main purposes of this thesis are to evaluate the availability and cost/benefit of an isolated PV-Wind hybrid generation system where the battery bank is attached. For the purposes of availability assessment, evaluative models such as atmospheric conditions, Photovoltaic (PV), Wind Turbine Generator (WTG), diesel engine, battery bank, and time varying load, are proposed. The Monte-Carlo method is then adopted to simulate the system availability. For cost/benefit calculation, according to the desired system’s availability, both the installation costs and fuel saving benefits of renewable energies are simultaneously calculated.
The main contributions of this proposed thesis are both in the adoption of general models for renewable equipments and the inclusion of battery bank in an isolated PV-Wind hybrid generation system, so as to practically evaluate the system availability and cost/benefit. There is a common disadvantage for synthesizing hourly radiation or wind speed data previously. It is that studies only focus on the radiation or wind speed data themselves, no matter what the latitude or atmospheric condition are. This can result in the location restrictions of applying the formulas. Therefore, it is important to consider the applied generality when building the component models. This thesis uses the Kinetic Battery Model (KBM) to determine the amount of maximum power that can be accepted by or withdrawn from the battery bank at each time step. This model treats a battery as a two-tank system. The advantage of this model is that it is more suitable for calculating the amount of power that can be accepted by or withdrawn from the battery bank by the time series format. Only three parameters are required to describe this two-tank system, and the values of these parameters can be determined by the battery discharge curve.

中文摘要 i
英文摘要 ii
誌謝 iv
目錄 v
表目錄 vi
圖目錄 viii
符號說明 x
第一章 簡介 1
1.1 研究背景 1
1.2 研究動機 10
1.3 研究目的 13
1.4 參考文獻 13
第二章 模型介紹 16
2.1 大氣資料的取得 17
2.2 每小時日照量的合成 17
2.3 每小時風速的合成 21
2.4 每小時負載量的合成 24
2.5 太陽光電發電機之模型 27
2.6 風力發電機模型 32
2.7 電池模型 37
2.8柴油發電機模型 40
第三章 模擬方法 42
3.1 電力設備可靠度模型架構 42
3.2 蒙地卡羅法 44
3.3 非平均分配之亂數產生方法 45
3.4 蒙地卡羅的進行步驟 46
3.5系統可用度及能源利用效率指標 52
第四章 測試結果與討論 56
4.1 測試系統及大氣資料 56
4.2 柴油機採用負載跟隨操作策略之測試 59
4.3 柴油機採用固定發電操作策略時之測試 63
4.4 在不同地區下燃料節省比較 69
4.5再生能源系統在不同配比限制下的燃料節省 70
4.6 能源利用效率EUE的變化情形 71
4.7柴油機採負載跟隨策略之成本/效益回收情況 72
4.8柴油機採固定發電策略之成本/效益回收情況 74
4.9各地符合成本/效益的可興建容量/負載比 76
4.10 不同機型的WTG比較測試 77
4.11柴油機採負載跟隨策略下電池容量成長之測試 79
4.12柴油機採固定發電策略下電池容量成長之測試 80
4.13 SOC成長下可靠度 81
第五章 結論 82
參考文獻 85
簡歷 89

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