臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

舒伯特(Franz Schubert, 1797-1828)與洛威(Carl Loewe, 1796-1869)之敘事曲雖皆傳承於村史提克(Johann Rudolf Zumsteeg, 1760-1802)，但是相對於洛威的持續創作且於此領域中擁有重要地位，舒伯特在敘事曲的創作中卻幾近默默無名，若非《魔王》受到歡迎以及引發評論者對其的爭議，時至今日，我們或許仍難以將舒伯特與敘事曲的創作聯想在一起。在舒伯特敘事曲之創作手法中審視，原屬於敘事曲重要特徵的敘述性被內化於戲劇性與抒情性元素中，導致抒情性或戲劇性的表現強過於敘述性，而無法完全吻合十九世紀敘事曲強調敘述性的訴求，這使得舒伯特的敘事曲常被歸於藝術歌曲的範疇，亦被排拒於敘事曲領域之外。然而若從十九世紀浪漫主義的精神與特質來審視，筆者認為舒伯特之敘事曲卻相當程度地符合時代精神，為了追求詩意的展現，勇於突破形式上的限制以回應詩中的精神，經過舒伯特音樂手法的再詮釋，詩詞作品於舒伯特手中具有嶄新的意涵，達到個人風格與浪漫主義精神的強烈展現，據此，舒伯特之敘事曲在敘事曲的發展上著實具有重要的地位，值得給予更高的評價與肯定。

The ballads of Franz Schubert (1797-1828) and Carl Loewe (1796-1869) were both inherited from Johann Rudolf Zumsteeg (1760-1802). However, compared to Loewe’s sustained ballad compositions and his leading position in this field, Schubert was nearly unknown. Were it not for the popularity and controversy of Erlkönig (D 328), we might have difficulty in associating Schubert with ballads.
An examination of procedures in Schubert’s ballads suggests that narrative style was internalized in dramatic and lyric elements. The comparatively weak narrative style in Schubert’s ballads failed to correspond with the narrative-focused claims for 19th century ballads. Therefore, Schubert’s ballads were often categorized as Lied or even excluded from the category of ballads.
However, examining Schubert’s ballads in terms of the spirit and characteristics of the 19th century Romanticism, the researcher considered that Schubert’s ballads did indeed fit the spirit of the time to some degree. Schubert broke through the form restriction in order to express the meaning and spirit of ballads. His musical style brought a brand new meaning to ballads and strongly displayed his personal style and the spirit of Romanticism. Therefore, Schubert’s ballads can be given an important position in ballad development and should deserve both greater appreciation and approbation.

目 次

譜 次…………………………………………………………………………… iv
表 次…………………………………………………………………………… vi

第一章 前言………………………………………………………………… 1
第一節 研究動機與目的…………………………………………………… 1
第二節 研究範圍與方法…………………………………………………… 2
第三節 論文架構…………………………………………………………… 3

第二章 文獻探討…………………………………………………………… 5
第一節 敘事曲(詩)的定義與歷史定義…………………………………… 5
第二節 關於村史提克與洛威……………………………………………… 7
第三節 舒伯特敘事曲之相關研究………………………………………… 9

第三章 敘事詩與敘事曲至十九世紀的發展……………………………… 11
第一節 敘事詩的發展……………………………………………………… 11
第二節 敘事曲的發展……………………………………………………… 18

第四章 舒伯特敘事曲之創作手法………………………………………… 24
第一節 《野玫瑰》(Heidenröslein, 1815)………………………… 26
第二節 《回聲》(Das Echo, ?)……………………………………… 29
第三節 《鱒魚》(Die Forelle, 1816)……………………………… 33
第四節 《潛水夫》(Der Taucher, 1815)…………………………… 40
第五節 《魔王》(Erlkönig, 1815)………………………………… 50
第六節 《侏儒》(Der Zwerg, 1822)……………………………… 59

第五章 舒伯特敘事曲歷史定位之探討………………………………… 68
第一節 關於《魔王》的爭議…………………………………………… 68
第二節 舒伯特敘事曲中的抒情性、敘述性與戲劇性………………… 81

第六章 結論………………………………………………………………… 89

附表…………………………………………………………………………… 92
參考資料……………………………………………………………………… 103

參考書目

樂譜
Schubert, Franz. Lieder für eine Singstimme mit Pianofortebegleitung. Band I & II, nach den Ersten Drucken revidiert von Max Friedländer. Frankfurt: C. F. Peters, 1968.

Loewe, Carl. Balladen und Lieder für eine Singstimme und Klavier. Band I, herausgegeben von Hans Joachim Moser. Frankfurt: C. F. Peters, 1968.


西文書目
專書
Althouse, Paul Leinbach Jr. Carl Loewe (1796-1869): His Lieder, Ballads, and Their Performance. Ph. D. diss, Connecticut: Yale University Press, 1971.

Bach, Albert. The art ballad, Loewe and Schubert, with Musical Examples. London: K. Paul, Trench, Trübner and Co., Ltd., 1897.

Hirsch, Marjorie Wing. Schubert’s Dramatic Lieder. Cambridge: Cambridge University press, 1993.

Ossenkop, David C. The Earliest Settings of German Ballad for Voice and Clavier. Ph. D. diss., Columbia University, 1968.

Sheranian, Michael Judd. The Ballade of Eighteenth and Nineteenth-Century Germany: A Useful But Neglected Pedagogical Tool. Arizona: University Arizona Press, 1998.

Wing, Marjorie Joan. Schubert's dramatic Lieder: A genre study. Yale: Yale University Press, 1989.

期刊
Bose, Fritz. “German Folk Ballads”. Trans. by Bruno Netti. Midwest Folklore 7:4 (1957/Winter): 207-213.

Coffin, Tristramp. “The Folk Ballad and the Literary Ballad: An Essay in Classification”. Midwest Folklore 9:1 (1959/Spring): 5-18.

Dittrich, Marie-Agnes. “The Lieder of Schubert”. In Cambridge Companion to the Lied. Ed. by James Pardons. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004, 85-100.

Gibbs, Christopher H. “‘Komm, geh’ mit mir’: Schubert’s Uncanny ‘Erlkönig’”. 19th-Century Music, Vol. 19, No. 2 (1995/Autumn): 115-135.

Gray, Walter. “The Classical Nature of Schubert’s Lieder”. ProQuest Information and Learning Company (2003): 62-72.

Istel, Edgar. “Schubert’s Lyric Style”. ProQuest Information and Learning Company (2003): 575-595.

Kravitt, Edward F. “The Ballad as Conceived by Germanic Composers of the Late Romantic Period”. Studies in Romanticism 12:2(1973/Spring): 499-515.

Monelle, Raymond. “Levels of Rhythm in Vocal Music”. British Journal of Aesthetics 22:1 (1982/Winter): 17-36.

Muxfeldt, Kristina. “Schubert’s Songs: the Transformation of a Genre”. In Cambridge Companion to Schubert. Ed. by
Christopher H. Gibbs. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1997, 121-137.

Rosen, Charles. “Schubert’s Inflections of Classical Form”. In Cambridge Companion to Schubert. Ed. by
Christopher H. Gibbs. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1997, 72-98.

Seeger, Judith. “Genre and the Ballad”. Journal of Folklore Research 31:1/3 (1994/Jan./Dec.): 151-176.

Wilgus, D. K. “Ballad Classification”. Midwest Folklore 5:2 (1955/Summer): 95-100.

Youens, Susan. “Of Dwarves, Perversion, and Patriotism: Schubert’s ‘Der Zwerg,’ D. 771”. 19th-Century Music, Vol. 21, No. 2, Franz Schubert: Bicentenary Essays (1997/Autumn): 177-207.

線上辭典
Maier, Grunter. Art. “Zumsteeg, Johann Rudolf”. In Grove Music Online, ed. by L. Macy (Accessed 2007), <http://www.grovemusic.com>.

Porter, James. Art. “Ballad”. In Grove Music Online, ed. by L. Macy (Accessed 2001), <http://www.grovemusic.com>.

West, Ewan. Art. “Loewe, Carl”. In Grove Music Online, ed. by L. Macy (Accessed 2007), <http://www.grovemusic.com>.


中文書目
專書
余匡復。《德國文學史》。新店市: 志一，民85。

期刊
方岩。〈民謠—英國文學的一份寶貴遺產〉。《兵團教育學院學報》12:1(2002:1): 26-27。
楊亞東。〈英國民謠研究〉。《遼寧行政院學報》9:1(2007:1): 197-198。