臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

鑽尾螺絲其「鑽尾」的設計已解決扣件使用上需要再預鑽孔的麻煩問題，對
於已商業化的可熱處理硬化型的麻田散鐵不銹鋼SUS410，仍有其在於材料性質
上存在一些突破點，如高溫鍛造可成形更複雜形狀之扣件、抑或是在於終端產品
鑽尾螺絲的鑽尾部分的硬度的熱處理再提升。
本研究採用13Cr-2Ni-2Mo 合金系統，使用真空感應熔煉並鑄造出所設定之
成分合金，接著將鑄錠熱鍛造，而熱鍛造後材料直徑約19mm，隨後將試片進行
高溫壓縮測試，並且進行高溫壓縮過程中熱處理條件模擬，以硬度、顯微結構、
EDS 元素分析來加以探討合金於不同溫度之下相變化行為與材料高溫機械性質。
於顯微組織方面發現固溶化處理後，越高的淬火溫度會有越多的麻田散鐵組
織形成，冷卻過程中只要經過（δ+γ）兩相區，δ-Ferrite 均會殘留至室溫。高
溫壓縮測試結果則顯示，大致上壓縮模數、最大壓縮應力皆有隨著壓縮溫度的上
升而下降，說明材料軟化的過程。不過於較低的壓縮溫度即300 度和400 度，壓
縮試片有觀察到大量的裂痕，顯示這個溫度可能不利於塑性加工。而往更高的壓
縮溫度如700 度以上，工程應力-應變曲線出現持平現象，說明此溫度以上已達
到材料「動態回復」的過程。

The “drilling” design of self-drillling screws has been developed to solve the
troublesome problem that needs pre-drilled holes before using. For commercialized
and it could be hardened by heat treatment of martensitic stainless steel SUS410,
which have some material properties could be modified to enhance its performance.
For example that we can use hot forging technology to forming a more complex
shapes fastener, or improve the heat treatment process to enhance drilling tail
hardening hardness.
In this study, 13Cr-2Ni-2Mo alloy was used as the test material. We used a
vacuum induction melting furnace to obtain the alloy with desired chemical
composition. And then hot forging was carried out to obtain rod. The diameter of the
hot forging rod was approximate of 19mm. High temperature compression test was
performed by Gleeble 3800. All specimens were via solution treatment at 1200℃ for
5 min., and then cooled to test temperature of 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000,
and 1100℃. When temperature reached to the test specific temperature, specimens
were by air cooling to room temperature. The examination of hardness and
microstructure were carried out by OM, SEM, EDS, and Micro hardness tester.
From observing the microstructure, we found that after the solution treatment,
the higher the quenching temperature will have more of martensite phase. If the
temperature has been gone through the (δ + γ) two-phase region, the δ-Ferrite would
be residual to room temperature, and its chromium - molybdenum chemical element
composition will be slightly higher than the base phase. High temperature
compression tests showed the compression modulus and the maximum compressive
stress have decreased as increasing the test temperature, so that is described as
material softening process. But in lower compression temperature at 300 or 400℃,
compression specimens have observed a lot of cracks. It shows those temperatures
may not be good for plastic deformation. And for higher test temperatures, such as
above 700℃, the engineering stress - strain curve appeared flat phenomenon ,which
means the material at this temperature “Dynamic recovery” occurred.

表目錄............................................................................................. III
圖目錄..............................................................................................IV
摘要.................................................................................................. 1
ABSTRACT ........................................................................................... 2
第一章 前言...................................................................................... 3
1.1 研究背景...................................................................................... 4
第二章 文獻回顧............................................................................... 5
2.1 螺絲製造與鍛造........................................................................... 5
2.1.1 不銹鋼冶煉與線材加工.............................................................. 5
2.1.2 鍛造成形................................................................................... 9
2.2 麻田散鐵系不銹鋼..................................................................... 18
2.2.1 麻田散鐵族系演進.................................................................. 19
2.2.2 合金元素添加對於不銹鋼之影響.............................................. 22
2.2.3 不銹鋼材料鍛造製程............................................................... 30
2.3 金屬高溫機械性質..................................................................... 33
2.3.1 對於13Cr-2Ni-2Mo 合金系統相區預測..................................... 34
2.3.2 鋼材熱加工性質...................................................................... 38
第三章 實驗樣品與步驟流程............................................................43
3.1 實驗流程圖................................................................................ 43
3.2 實驗方法.................................................................................... 44
3.2.1 實驗材料製備.......................................................................... 44
3.2.2 高溫壓縮測試.......................................................................... 47
3.2.3 熱處理參數設定...................................................................... 49
3.2.4 顯微組織分析.......................................................................... 50
3.2.4.1 光學顯微鏡（Optical Microscopy, OM）................................. 51
3.2.4.2 掃描式電子顯微鏡（Scanning Electron Microscopy, SEM） ..... 52
3.2.4.3 X 光繞射儀： ....................................................................... 53
3.2.5 機械性質分析-硬度.................................................................. 54
第四章結果與討論............................................................................55
4.1 鑄件組織觀察............................................................................. 55
4.2 熱鍛造後組織觀察...................................................................... 59
4.3 高溫壓縮實驗結果...................................................................... 63
4.3.1 高溫壓縮後外觀觀察............................................................... 63
4.3.2 應力-應變曲線圖綜合比較....................................................... 68
4.4 熱處理對顯微組織之關係........................................................... 75
4.4.1 不同熱處理溫度對顯微組織之影響.......................................... 75
4.4.2 經熱處理後機械性質比較.......................................................113
4.4.3 高溫壓縮後顯微組織觀察.......................................................115
第五章結論.....................................................................................128
5.1 結論..........................................................................................128
參考文獻........................................................................................130

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