臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究主要分為兩部份，第一部分為利用蓖麻油酸(Ricinoleic acid)與反應醇類，二異丙醇胺(Diisopropylamine, DIPA)與三乙醇胺(Triethanolamine, TEA)進行酯化反應，透過反應時間與溫度探討其性能優劣，找出最佳條件之酰胺，實驗結果顯示，在使用TEA當作反應醇，110 oC與反應時間在3小時會得到最佳的性能分數，尤其是在防鏽性方面，根據ASTM D4627方法測試，相較於其他條件下1%的酰胺都是鏽點，此條件的酰胺在1%濃度下只有微量鏽點；而使用DIPA胺當作反應醇，在110 oC與反應時間在1-3小時內都會得到最佳的性能分數，尤其是在鹼度方面貢獻不少，鹼度分別為2530.5 mg CaCO3/L、2569.1 mg CaCO3/L以及2613.2 mg CaCO3/L，而使用TEA當作反應醇的酰胺，鹼度皆無法超過1000 mg CaCO3/L，因本研究產製的酰胺將進行第二階段切削油的混配，酰胺的HLB值需符合切削油中配方原料的HLB值，故選擇以三乙醇胺產製的酰胺。第二部分為切削液的製備研究，本研究根據一原始配方去做修改，探討基礎油與乳化劑之間的比例，透過初步篩選得到7種配方並與市售2種產品做性能比較。9種配方性能評分後，透過集群分析法可以將9種配方分為5大類，配方D因無特別突出的性能，故推薦用於一般輕加工；配方E及F因防鏽性性能不佳，故不推薦使用；配方B、C、G以及Brand C因消泡性表現優良，故推薦用於拉絲、切削、鉸孔等精細加工；配方A因潤滑性及標準偏差表現優良，故推薦用於軋制、鑽孔等潤滑性能要求的加工；Brand B因屬於全合成油，故推薦適用於磨削加工。

This study is divided into two parts. The first part is the esterification reaction using Ricinoleic acid and reactive alcohols, Diisopropylamine (DIPA) and Triethanolamine (TEA). Through the reaction time and temperature to explore the merits of the performance, to find the best conditions of the amide, the experimental results show that the use of TEA as reactive alcohol. The best performance score is obtained at 110 oC with a reaction time of 3 hours, especially in terms of iron chip corrosion test, the tested according to ASTM D4627 method. Compared to other conditions, 1% of amides have a lot of rust spots. Only conditions under 110 oC and reaction time of 3 hours have a little rust. Using DIPA amine as reactive alcohol gives the best performance score at 110 oC and reaction time in 1-3 hours. In particular, there is a lot of contribution in alkalinity, with alkalinity of 2530.5 mg CaCO3/L, 2569.1 mg CaCO3/L, and 2613.2 mg CaCO3/L. However, using TEA as the amide of the reaction alcohol, alkalinity cannot exceed 1000 mg CaCO3/L. Since the amide produced in this study will be mixed with the second-stage cutting oil, the HLB value of the amide must meet the HLB value of the formula in the cutting oil, so the amide produced from TEA is selected. The second part is the study of the preparation of cutting fluid. This study was modified according to an original formula to discuss the ratio between base oil and emulsifier. Through the preliminary screening, seven formulations obtained through preliminary screening and performance comparison with two commercially available products. After nine formulations performance ratings, nine formulations can be divided into five categories through cluster analysis. Formula D is recommended for general light processing because it has no particularly outstanding performance; Formula E and F have poor performance due to rust resistance. Therefore, it is not recommended. Formulas B, C, G, and Brand C are excellent in defoaming performance and are therefore recommended for fine processing such as drawing, cutting, and reaming. Formula A is excellent in terms of lubricity and standard deviation, so it is recommended for use. Rolling, drilling and other lubrication requirements of the processing; Brand B because it belongs to all synthetic oil, it is recommended for grinding.

摘　要 i
ABSTRACT iii
誌 謝 v
目錄 vi
表目錄 x
圖目錄 xii
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究背景 1
1.2 研究目的 2
第二章 文獻回顧 3
2.1 潤滑油簡介 3
2.1.1 礦物油類 3
2.1.2 生質油類 4
2.2 切削液分類及組成 5
2.2.1 純油性切削液 5
2.2.2 水溶性切削液 6
2.2.3 常見使用的添加劑 7
2.3 界面活性劑 11
2.3.1 界面活性劑之種類 11
2.3.2 HLB值測定與分析 12
2.4 影響切削液性能之因素 17
2.4.1 防鏽性 17
2.4.2 pH值 17
2.4.3 鹼度 18
2.4.4 抗菌性 19
2.4.5 消泡性 19
2.4.6 抗硬水程度 20
2.4.7 折光係數 20
2.4.8 潤滑性能 21
2.4.9 水解穩定性 22
2.5 酰胺之原料 23
2.5.1 蓖麻油酸 23
2.5.2 二異丙醇胺 23
2.5.3 三乙醇胺 24
2.6 酰胺合成方式 24
2.6.1 酯化反應 24
第三章 研究方法及儀器設備 25
3.1 實驗藥品 25
3.2 實驗儀器 26
3.3 研究流程 28
3.3.1 酯化反應 29
3.3.2 模廠放大試量產 31
3.3.3 切削油製備 31
3.4 實驗分析方法 33
3.4.1 酸價 33
3.4.2 動黏度 34
3.4.3 黏度指數 34
3.4.4 密度 35
3.4.5 流動點 35
3.4.6 色度 36
3.4.7 含水率 36
3.4.8 所需HLB值分析 36
3.4.9 切削油穩定性 37
3.4.10 鐵屑防鏽測試 38
3.4.11 稀釋液穩定性 38
3.4.12 消泡性 38
3.4.13 抗菌測試 39
3.4.14 抗硬水測試 39
3.4.15 水解穩定性 39
3.4.16 潤滑性測試 41
3.5 酰胺與切削液性能評分方法 42
第四章 結果與討論 50
4.1 酰胺之製備 50
4.1.1 反應溫度之影響 50
4.1.2 反應時間之影響 52
4.2 酰胺性質之比較 55
4.2.1 防鏽性檢測 55
4.2.2 抗硬水測試 57
4.2.3 pH值 59
4.2.4 鹼度 60
4.2.5 酰胺抗菌性 61
4.2.6 酰胺性能比較結果 61
4.2.7 模廠放大試量產 64
4.3 切削液之製備 65
4.3.1 基礎油與乳化劑比例之影響 65
4.3.2 環境高低溫測試 67
4.3.3 水解穩定性 67
4.4 切削液綜合比較 68
4.4.1 防鏽性 68
4.4.2 消泡性 70
4.4.3 抗菌性 71
4.4.4 切削液鹼度 72
4.4.5 潤滑性 73
4.4.6 抗硬水測試 76
4.4.7 切削液性能比較結果 77
4.4.8 油相與水相添加之順序 80
第五章 結論與建議 83
5.1 結論 83
5.2 建議 84
參考文獻 85
附錄 91
A. 本研究配方之清潔度比較 91
B. 各種色度標準分析之色度範圍示意表 101
C. ASTM D130銅片腐蝕比色盤 102
符號彙編 103

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