臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

耳鳴是一常見的症狀，嚴重的耳鳴會導致心情煩躁、注意力無法集中、失眠、影響生活品質等，但造成耳鳴的病理機制並不清楚。實驗證明服用過量的水楊酸會導致耳鳴，影響耳蝸和中樞神經系統的穩定。牛璜酸在幼兒聽覺的形成扮演重要的角色，且能減輕耳蝸積水對聽覺的影響，對耳蝸具有保護作用，因此探討聽覺失調產生的耳鳴症狀。另外在草藥書集中，也指出磨盤草可能有治療耳鳴的功效。本實驗利用耳鳴動物模式檢測與耳蝸微動電位檢測，來分析牛璜酸、磨盤草萃取物減輕水楊酸引起的耳鳴功效。利用可能具有治療功效的磨盤草萃取物，胃管灌注天竺鼠，和腹腔注射牛璜酸，比較兩者是否能減輕因水楊酸引起的動物耳鳴症狀。由動物耳鳴模式觀察牛璜酸(120 mg/kg, I.P.)和草藥(10 ml,1 gm/ml, I.G.)對注射水楊酸(250 mg/kg, I.P.)所引起的行為改變的影響，發現在檢測第一天控制組與實驗組各組天竺鼠停留黃色區域時間和飲水量未達顯著差異(P>0.05, ANOVA)。在檢測第二天，各組天竺鼠在停留黃色區域時間和飲水量皆達極顯著差異 (P<0.01, ANOVA)，水楊酸組停留黃色區域時間為83.9±13.9分鐘，飲水量11.7±4.4 ml，和控制組停留時間為42.3±12.4分鐘，飲水量30.0±5.3 ml有極顯著差異(P<0.01, t-test)，顯示水楊酸使天竺鼠產生耳鳴感覺。而牛璜酸組停留時間為33.5±12.5分鐘，飲水量為29.4±14.9 ml，草藥組停留時間為44.9±11.6分鐘，飲水量為22.5±5.1 ml和水楊酸組天竺鼠的停留時間和飲水量有顯著差異(P<0.05)，即在耳鳴動物模式發現兩組處理都能改善水楊酸引起的耳鳴行為。從耳蝸微動電位檢測(80 dB, 1 kHz)發現，控制組的耳蝸微動電位為132.5±54.0μV，水楊酸組的耳蝸微動電位為224.0±58.0μV，顯示水楊酸能使耳蝸微動電位增加(P=0.0089<0.01, t-test)。事先給予牛璜酸，偵測耳蝸微動電位為156.7±62.8μV；事先胃管注射磨盤草萃取物，所測得耳蝸微動電位為139.2±62.3μV，顯示事先處理牛璜酸或磨盤草萃取物均能降低水楊酸引起的耳蝸微動電位增加(P<0.05, test)。實驗結果顯示牛璜酸和磨盤草萃取物萃取物均可減輕水楊酸引起的耳鳴感覺，且能減輕耳蝸微動電位，使外毛細胞離子交換穩定，維持外毛細胞生理功能。因此，牛璜酸和磨盤草萃取物能藉由維持外毛細胞功能，來減輕耳鳴感覺。

Tinnitus is a common symptom. People with serious tinnitus may be in the bad humor, attention-deficit, affecting life or insomnia. But the mechanisms of tinnitus is still unclear. Experiments had proved that take over dose of salicylate would cause tinnitus. It may affect the stability of the cochlear systems and central nervous systems. Taurine plays an important role in the auditory perception in the infants. It also can reduce the hydrops in the cochlea to protect hearing. Therefore, Taurine was used to investigate the tinnitus induced by the auditory dysfunctions. Abutilon indicum(L.) Sweet had been pointed out in many herbs medical books that it could cure tinnitus. So in this experiments with detecting the tinnitus animal model and the cochlear microphonics ,taurine and the cruded extracts of the Abutilon indicum(L.) Sweet were used to study to tinnitus induced by salicylate. The extracts of the Abutilon indicum(L.) Sweet was infused into stomach of guinea-pig with a gastric fistula, while taurine was injected intraperitoneally. We found that the retention period(the duration standing on the yellow zone ) and drinked water in the first testing day was not significant difference between the controlled and experimental groups (P>0.05, ANOVA). However, the retention period and the drinked water in the second testing day was shown a significant difference (P<0.01, ANOVA). The retention period of salicylate group and controlled saline groups was 83.9±13.9 min and 42.3±12.4 min, and the volume of drinked water was 11.7±4.4 and 30.0±5.3 ml, respectively. They were shown a very significant difference (P<0.01, t-test), and suggested that salicylate make guinea pig feel tinnitus. The retention period of taurine group and herb group was 33.5±12.5 and 44.9±11.6 min, and the level of drinked water was 29.4±14.9 and 22.5±5.1 ml, respectively. These two groups compared with those of salicylate groups were shown a significant difference (P<0.05). These results proved that both treatments could ameliorate the tinnitus behavior induced by salicylate. From the detection of cochlear microphonics(CM), we detected the CM of saline group and salicylate group was 132.5±54.0 and 224.0±58.0μV, respectively. It was showed that saliylate increased the CM(P=0.0089<0.01, t-test). The CM of the taurine group and the herb group was 156.7±62.8 and 139.2±62.3μV, respectively. It was shown a significant difference with that of salicylate group. It also showed that administrating taurine and the extracs of the Abutilon indicum(L.) Sweet in advance could decrease CM(P<0.05, test). These results suggest that taurine and the extracts of the Abutilon indicum(L.) Sweet can reduce tinnitus induced by salicylate, and can sustain the physiological functions of the outer hair cells. Therefore, both taurine and the extracts of the Abutilon indicum(L.) Sweet can decrease the perception of tinnitus by sustaining the functions of outer hair cells.

目 錄
中文摘要：……………………………………………………… 3
英文摘要：……………………………………………………… 5
誌謝：…………………………………………………………… 8
目錄：…………………………………………………………… 9
圖表目錄：……………………………………………………… 11
中英對照表…………………………………………………………13
壹、 前言 ……………………………………………………… 14
貳、 實驗方法 ………………………………………………… 21
一：實驗材料：………………………………………… 24
1.1. 藥材確認……………………………………… 24
1.2. 磨盤草的基本資料…………………………… 24
1.3. 水煮萃取……………………………………… 23
1.4. 實驗動物……………………………………… 26
1.5. 實驗藥物……………………………………… 27
二：耳鳴動物模式的建立……………………………… 27
三：聽覺電位檢測的建立……………………………… 30
3.1. 電極製備…………………………………… 31
3.2. 動物手術…………………………………… 32
3.3. 檢測項目和方法…………………………… 32
3.3.1. 自發性神經動作電位…………… 32
3.3.2. 神經複合動作電位……………… 32
3.3.3. 總合電位………………………… 33
3.3.4. 耳蝸微動電位………………… 33
3.3.5. 心跳產生的噪音 ……………… 34
四：耳蝸微動電位(CM)檢測…………………………… 34
五：統計………………………………………………… 35
參、 結果……………………………………………………… 36
一：耳蝸動物模式檢測結果…………………………… 36
二：耳蝸聽覺電位檢測建立…………………………… 39
三：耳蝸微動電位檢測………………………………… 41
肆、 討論……………………………………………………… 43
參考文獻……………………………………………………… 53
個人資料………………………………………………………… 80

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