臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

質子交換膜燃料電池 (Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell, PEMFC) 是一種可將化學能直接轉換為電能的一種發電系統，它具有能源轉換效率高、體積質量小與操作溫度低等優點，適用於各種小型移動式的電源供應系統，如電動汽機車、備用電力站、移動式緊急發電系統等。
合金儲氫瓶的儲氫密度是氫的1,000倍左右，和液態氫相同或超過液態氫，而且沒有爆炸的危險，並有零損耗的優點，能長時間儲存氫氣，不用複雜容器就可儲存，在釋放時還可獲得高純氫，是一種安全又經濟有效的儲氫方法。
在此研究中，利用鉛酸電池(滿電52.4V)與質子交換膜燃料電池(空載為23.3V)構成一套電池管理系統(Battery Management System, BMS)，當鉛酸電池本身電壓小於50V時，其系統供電會切換為燃料電池來繼續供電，此時燃的料電池高負載電壓為22.9V。
合金儲氫瓶在進行氫氣補充時，因合金儲氫瓶本身的化學放熱效應，合金儲氫瓶本身溫度會快速升溫(達50OC)，可將合金儲氫瓶半身放入水中幫助散熱，放入水中散熱可同時提高合金儲氫瓶內儲氫壓力的容量。儲氫瓶最大充氫壓力約35Kg/cm2,，本研究均已30Kg/cm2作為儲氫瓶安全儲氫壓力。合金儲氫瓶在空瓶(0Kg/cm2)情況下，瓶身重量為2950公克，而在30Kg/cm2時，瓶身重量為2985公克，從此量測可以知道合金儲氫瓶在30Kg/cm2時，氫氣重量為35公克。
合金儲氫瓶本身則是會受到一定的溫度和壓力影響，放氫時會因為合金儲氫瓶本身的化學吸熱影響而造成合金儲氫瓶內的氫氣釋放壓力下降，直接影響燃料電池的運作，合金儲氫瓶透過流動之液體或是氣流來進行熱補償，以維持合金儲氫瓶之壓力穩定。
本系統透過升壓模組將燃料電池(23.3V)電壓升到52V，並透過降壓模組將電壓降至12V及24V給逆變器做轉換為110V及220V交流電壓來提供我們日常電器之運作，合金儲氫瓶在穩定運作情況下，燃料電池透過合金儲氫瓶供給可連續運作兩小時。

Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell is a power generation system that converts chemical energy directly into power energy. It has the advantages of high energy conversion efficiency, light in volumetric mass and low operating temperature. For a variety of small mobile power supply systems, such as electric steam locomotives, reserve power stations, mobile emergency power generation systems, etc. The density of the hydrogen storage in the hydrogen storage alloy tank is about 1,000 times that of hydrogen, which is the same as or exceeds that of liquid hydrogen. Moreover it has no danger of explosion, and the advantage of zero loss. Even it can store hydrogen for the long time and can be stored without complicated containers. High purity hydrogen is also obtained upon release, which is a safe and economical method for hydrogen storage.In this study, a lead-acid battery (full charge is 52.4V) and a PEMFC (no-load is 23.3V) constitute a battery management system (BMS). When the voltage of lead-acid batter is less than 50V, the system power is switched to the fuel cell to continue the power supply, and then the high-load voltage of the fuel cell is 22.9V. When the hydrogen storage alloy tank is replenished with hydrogen, the temperature of the hydrogen storage alloy tank will rise rapidly (up to 50°C) due to the chemical exothermic reaction of the hydrogen storage alloy tank. The half of the hydrogen storage alloy tank can be placed in the water to improve thermal dissipation, which also increase the capacity of the hydrogen storage pressure in the hydrogen storage alloy tank at the same time. The maximum hydrogen charging pressure of the hydrogen storage tank is about 35kg/cm2. In this study, the safety hydrogen storage pressure for hydrogen storage tank is about 30 kg/cm2. In the case of an empty hydrogen storage tank (0 kg/cm2), the weight of the tank is 2950g; and the hydrogen storage pressure at 30 kg/cm2, the weight of the tank is 2985g. From the measurements, it can be known that the pressure in the hydrogen storage alloy tank is 30kg/cm2,then the weight of hydrogen is 35 grams. The hydrogen storage alloy tank will be affected by certain temperature and pressure. When hydrogen is released, the hydrogen release pressure in the hydrogen storage alloy tank will decrease due to the chemical endothermic effect of the hydrogen storage alloy tank, which directly affects the operation of the fuel cell. The hydrogen storage alloy tank is thermally compensated by flowing liquid or air flow to maintain the pressure of the alloy hydrogen storage tank. The system raises the voltage of the fuel cell (23.3V) to 52V through the booster module, and reduces the voltage to 12V and 24V through the step-down module to convert the inverter to 110V and 220V AC voltage to provide our daily electrical appliances. In the case of stable operation of the hydrogen storage alloy tank, the fuel cell can be continuously operated for two hours through the supply of the hydrogen storage alloy tank

摘要 I
第一章 緒論 1
1-1 前言 1
1-2 研究動機 1
1-3 研究目的 2
1-4 本文架構 2
第二章 燃料電池與儲氫合金歷史及發展現況 3
2-1 燃料電池的歷史 3
2-2 金屬儲氫材料的歷史 6
2-3 台灣 7
2-4 日本 14
2-4-1軍事投入 15
2-4-2 氫燃料電動車 16
2-5 瑞士 17
2-6 美國 18
2-6-1 美推出新型氫燃料電池電極設計 18
2-6-2 有效防止海水侵蝕設備，美科學家成功從海中提取氫燃料 20
2-7 德國 21
2-7-1 軍事投入 21
2-7-2 氫燃料網 22
第三章 燃料電池與儲氫合金之理論分析 24
3-1 燃料電池的結構與原理 24
3-2 燃料電池種類 26
3-2-1 鹼性燃料電池(Aikali Fuel Cell, AFC) 26
3-2-2 質子交換膜燃料電池(Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell, PEMFC) 27
3-2-3 磷酸燃料電池(Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cell, PAFC) 28
3-2-4 熔融碳酸鹽燃料電池(Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell, MCFC) 29
3-2-5 固態氧化物燃料電池(solid oxide fuel cell, SOFC) 30
3-2-6 四種主要燃料電池的比較 31
3-2-7 燃料電池種類應用範圍 32
3-3 儲氫合金的結構與原理 33
3-3-1 儲氫合金化學式 34
3-4 儲氫方式的比較 35
3-5 金屬儲氫材料 39
3-6 儲氫合金的優缺點 42
3-7 貯氫合金分類 43
3-7-1 現所使用LaNi5型合金鋼瓶規格 45
第四章 設備與操作介紹 47
4-1 3KW燃料電池模組設備介紹 47
4-2 燃料電池代步車設備介紹 61
4-3 合金儲氫瓶燃料電池模型船介紹 64
第五章 量測設備操作 71
5-1 3KW燃料電池模組實驗 71
5-2 電子負載機－9840system自動量測 77
5-3 電子負載機－手動操作 81
5-4 1KW燃料電池代步車實驗 86
5-5 700W合金儲氫瓶燃料電池模型船實驗 91
5-6 合金儲氫瓶灌氫教學 101
5-7 代步車小型鋼瓶灌氣教學 108
第六章 結果與討論 113
6-1 氫氣的安全性 113
6-2 儲氫瓶比較 114
6-3 實驗數據 115
6-4 合金儲氫瓶充放熱效應與氫氣釋放量測 120
6-5　合金儲氫瓶灌氣重量量測紀錄 124
第七章 結論與未來展望 126
7-1 結論 126
7-2 未來展望 127
附件1 電子負載機34105-02規格 128
附件2 常用壓力單位轉換表 130
參考資料 131
IEEE 131
網路資料 132
書籍資料 133

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