一、中文部分:
王梅珍(2001),業務人員人格特質、組織承諾與組織公民行為之研究:以中華電信公司為例,國立中山大學人力資源管理研究所碩士論文,55-72。王彩霖(2003),醫院行政人員的人格特質、工作壓力、工作投入、專業承諾及工作績效之相關性研究,南華大學管理系碩士論文,65-82。
朱令娟(1988),酬賞型態、角色重要性及工作變異性對社會閒散之影響,國立政治大學心理研究所未出版之碩士論文,8-26。朱慶龍(2003),五大人格特質、工作價值觀和工作滿意三者相互關係之研究,國立政治大學心理學研究所碩士論文,85-102。
江錦樺(2001),人格特質與組織文化之適配性對工作績效之影響-以高科技F公司為例,國立中央大學人力資源管理研究所未出版之碩士論文,48-72。呂錦智(1996),社會閒散與社會彌補之探討,國立政治大學心理研究所未出版之碩士論文,9-34。沈介文(1993),工作可察性、工作特性與社會賦閒效果關係之研究,私立淡江大學管理科學研究所未出版之碩士論文,5-32。李美枝(1985),社會心理學,台北:大洋出版社。
李雯娣(2000),國小兒童性格特質之研究,國立屏東師範學院國民教育研究所未出版碩士論文,10-35。李誠(2000),人力資源管理的12堂課,台北:天下遠見。
吳秀美(1995),社會閒散或社會補償:勞力辯正的作用,私立中原大學心理學研究所未出版之碩士論文,11-29。房美玉(2002),儲備幹部人格特質甄選量表之建立與運用-以某高科技公司為例,人力資源管理學報,2(1),1-18。周力行(2003),工作特性與組織公平對社會賦閒效果影響之研究,國立海洋大學航運管理學系未出版之碩士論文,11-21。周佩芬、陳皎眉(1994),人際親疏及工作次數對團體中個人工作表現的影響,人力資源學報,6,19-34。周惠莉(2004),五大人格特質、性別角色與轉換型領導關聯性之研究,私立中原大學企業管理研究所未出版碩士論文,8-40。紀俞合(2000),ISP服務品質、消費者人格特質與顧客購買意願關係之研究,銘傳大學國際企業管理研究所未出版碩士論文,17-31。胡夢蕾(2004),餐旅學生人格特質與實習工作滿意度關係之研究,教育研究資訊學報,12(1),103-132。桑國忠(1994),臺灣地區中、美船舶運送業的組織氣候與社會賦閒效果之比較研究,國立臺灣海洋大學航運管理研究所未出版之碩士論文,12-31。黃英忠、余德成、林營松(1995),組織氣候、工作特性、人格特質、家庭因素、領導行為與組織承諾間關係之研究-以楠梓加工出口區員工為例,人力資源學報,5,15-40。黃建銘(2000),組織成員社會性偷懶之研究:臺北市各區公所公務人員之實證分析,國立政治大學公共行政研究所未出版之博士論文,18-83。陳義勝(1996),組織氣候、工作特性及管理型態,透過組織公民行為對政治行為、組織承諾及社會賦閒效果之相關研究,(國科會,NO.NSC85-2416-H019-001),台北:行政院國家科學委員會。
陳仲庚、張雨新(2000),人格心理學,台北:五南圖書出版社。
陳孟修(1999),零售業員工的人格特質與工作生活品質對組織承諾、工作投入、服務態度與工作績效的影響之研究,國立中山大學企業管理研究所之博士論文,8-40。陳瑞芬(2002),賦權、信任與社會賦閒之研究,私立中國文化大學國際企業管理研究所之碩士論文,71-85。陳信岳(2002),行銷人員人格特質對服務品質影響之研究-以西藥服務業為例,靜宜大學企業管理學系碩士論文,65-80。許雅婷(2002),人格特質與團隊組合對知識分享、創新績效的影響,東吳大學企業管理學系未出版之碩士論文,7-85。張春興(1991),現代心理學,台北:東華書局。
張潤書(1985),組織行為與管理,台北市:五南圖書出版社。
程懷琳(1988),工作類型、工作能力及酬賞分配方式對團體中個人工作表現的影響,國立政治大學心理研究所未出版之碩士論文,8-34。楊國樞(1993),劉邵的人格特質及其詮釋,人觀、意義與社會,台北:中央研究院民族學研究所,89-127。
趙惠玉(2003),國際觀光旅館員工人格特質與服務態度關係之研究,中國文化大學國際企業管理研究所博士論文,6-35。劉鴻漢(2003),組織公平、團隊成員交換關係與社會賦閒之關聯性研究,私立中國文化大學國際企業管理研究所之碩士論文,65-82。鄭美芳(1988),社會助長與社會閒散之比較研究,國立政治大學心理研究所未出版之碩士論文,1-90。
蔡欣嵐(2001),工作特性、人格特質與工作滿意度之關係-以半導體業為例,國立中央大學企業管理研究所碩士論文,11-25。蔡建樑(2003),個人人格特質對組織公正認知與組織公民行為關係影響之研究,國立東華大學企業管理學系碩士論文,65-92。盧盛忠、余凱成、徐昶、錢冰鴻(1997),組織行為學-理論與實務,台北:五南圖書出版社。
二、英文部分:
Adams, J. S. (1963). Toward an Understanding of Inequity. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 67, 422-436.
Albanese, R., & Van Fleet, D. D. (1985). Rational Behavior in Groups: The Free-Riding Tendency. Academy of Management Review, 10(2), 244-255.
Allport, G. W. (1961). Pattern and Growth in Personality. New York: Holt, Rinehart, & Winston.
Allport, G.. W., & Odbert, H. S. (1936). Trait-names: A psycho-lexical study. Psychological Monographs, 47, 23-35.
Anshel, M. H. (1995). Examining social loafing among elite fenale rowers as a function of task duration and mood. Journal of Sport Behavior, 18, 39-45.
Antonioni, D. (1998). Relationship between the big five personality factors and conflict management styles. International Journal of Conflict Management, 9(4), 336-355.
Atoum, A. O., & Farah, A. M. (1993). Social loafing and personal in-volvement among Jordanian college students. The Journal of Social Psychology, 133(6), 785-790.
Barrick, M. R., & Mount, M. K. (1991). The Big Five Personality Dimensions and Job Performance: A Meta-Analysis. Personnel Psychology, 44, 1-26.
Barrick, M. R., Stewart, G. L., Neubert, M. J., & Mount, M. K. (1998). Relating member ability and personality to work-team processes and team effectiveness. Journal of Applied Psychology, 83(3), 77-391.
Barry, B., & Stewart, G. L. (1997). Composotion, process, and per-formance in self-managed groups: the role of personality. Jour-nal of Applied Psychology, 82, 62-78.
Bennet, R. P., & Carbonari, J. P. (1976). Personality patterns related to own, joint, and relative gain maximizing behaviors. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 34, 1127-1134.
Brickner, M. A., Harkins, S. G., & Ostrom, T. M. (1986). Effects of Personal involvement: Thought-provoking implications for so-cial loaging. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 763-769.
Burger, J. M. (1993). Personality (3nd ed.). CA: Brooks & Cole.
Caligiuri, P. M. (2000). Selecting expatriates for personality charac-teristics: A moderating effect of personality on the relationship between host national contact and cross-cultural adjustment. Management International Review, 40(1), 61-81.
Carly, S. B., & Tammy, D. A. (2003). The relationship between big five personality traits, negative affectivity, type A behavior and work-family conflict. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 63, 457-472.
Cattell, R. B. (1943). The description of personality: Basic traits re-solved into clusters. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychol-ogy, 38, 476-506.
Cellar, D. F., Miller, M. L., Doverspike, D. D., & Klawsky, J. D. (1996). Comparison of Factor Structures and Criterion-Related Validity Coefficients for 2 Neasures of Personality Based on the 5-Factor Model. Journal of Applied Psychology, 81, 694-704.
Chien, M. H. (2004). An Investigation of the Relationship of Organ-izational Structure, Employee’s Personality and Organizational Citizenship Behavior. Journal of American Academy of Busi-ness, 5, 428-431.
Collins, J. M., & Gleaves, D. H. (1998). Race, job applicants, and the five factor model of personality: implications for black psy-chology, industrial organizational psychology and the five factor theory. Journal of Applied Psychology, 83(4), 531-544.
Cook, & Vivian, D. (2005). An investigation of the construct validity of the Big Five construct of emotional stability in relation to job performance, job satisfaction, and career satisfaction. The Uni-versity of Tennessee, 102-125.
Cortina, J. M., Doherty, M. L., Schmitt, N., Kaufman, G., & Smith, R. G. (1992). The Big 5 Personality-Factors in the IPI and MMPI-Predictors of Police Performance. Personnel Psychology, 45, 119-140
Costa, P. T. Jr., & McCrae, R. R. (1985). The NEO Personality Inven-tory manual. FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
Costa, P. T. Jr., & McCrae, R. R. (1989). Rotation to maximize the construct validity of factors in the NEO Personality Inventory. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 234, 107-124.
Costa, P. T. Jr., & McCrae, R. R. (1992). Revised NEO Personality Inventory and New Five-Factor Inventory: Professional Manual. FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
Costa, P. T. Jr., & Widiger, T. A. (1994). Personality Disorders and the Five Factor Model of Personality. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
David, V. D., & Stanley, B. S., (1989). Personality and Job Perform-ance: Evidence of Incremental Validity. Personal Psychology, 42, 25-36.
Digman, J. M., & Inouye, J. (1986). Further specification of the fiverobust factors of personality. Annual Review of Psychology, 50,116-123.
Digman, J. M. (1990). Personality structure: Emergence of the Five-factor model. Annual Review of Psychology, 41, 417-440.
Drucker, P. F. (1999). Knowledge-Worker Productivity: the Biggest Challenge. California Management Review, 40(3), 90-111.
Earley, P. C. (1989). Social Loafing And Collectivism: A Comparison Of The United. Administrative Science Quarterly, 34, 565-581.
Elena, F., & Eva, M. (2006). Influence of personality on ecological consumer behaviour. Journal of Consumer Behaviour, 5(3), 112-145.
Fiske, D. W. (1949). Consistency of the factorial structures of person-ality ratings from different sources. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 44, 329-344.
Furnham, A. (1992). Personality at work (1st ed.). London: Routledge.
Furnham, A., Petrides, K. V., Chris, J. J., & Tim, C. (2002). Do per-sonality factors predict job satisfaction. Personality and Indi-vidual Differences, 33(8), 1325-1342.
Gabrenya, W. K., Latane, B., & Wang, Y. E. (1983). Social loafing in cross-cultural perspective: Chinese in Taiwan. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 14(3), 368-384.
Galton, F. (1884). Measurement of Character. Fortnightly Review, 44, 179-185.
Gatewood, R. D., & Field, H. S. (2001). Human Resource Selection (5th ed.). Orlando: The Dryden Press.
Gellatly, I. R. (1996). Conscientiousness and Task-Performance-Test of a Cognitive Process Model. Journal of Applied Psychology, 81, 474-482.
George, J. M. (1990). Personality, affect, and behavior in groups. Journal of Applied Psychology, 75, 107-116.
George, J. M. (1992). Extrinsic and intrinsic origins of perceived so-cial loafing in organizations. Academy of Management Journal, 35(1), 191-203.
George, J. M. (1995). Asymmetrical effects of rewards and punish- ments: The case of social loafing. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 68(1), 327-338.
Goldberg, L. R. (1981). Language and individual difference: The search for universals in personality lexicons. Review of person-ality and social psychology, 1, 141-166.
Goldberg, L. R. (1990). An Alternative Description of Personality: The Big Five Factor Structure. Journal of Personality and So-cial Psychology, 59, 1216-1229.
Goldberg, L. R. (1992). The development of markers for the Big-Five factor structure. Psychological Assessment, 4, 26-42.
Guilford, J. P. (1959). Personality. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Harkins, S., Latane, B., & Williams, K. (1980). Social Loafing: Allo-cating Effort or Taking It Easy. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 16, 457-465.
Harkins, S., & Petty, R. (1982). Effects of task difficulty and task uniqueness on social loafing. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 16(1), 457-465.
Harkins, S., & Szymanski, K. (1989). Social loafing group evaluation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56, 934-941.
Hill, T. M. (2002). Job attitudes and personality: Predictors of organ-izational citizenship behaviour. University of Saint Mary’s, Canada, 633-654.
Hogan, R., Curphy, G. J., & Hogan, J. (1994). What we know about leadership: Effectiveness and personality. American Psycholo-gist, 49, 485-504.
Hough, L. M. (1992). The Big-five Personality variables-construct confusion: Description versus prediction. Human Performance, 5, 139-155
Inglham, A. G., Levinger, G., Graves, J., & Peckham, V. (1974). The
ringelmann effect: Studies of group size and group performance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 10, 371-384.
Jackson, J. M., & Williams, K. D. (1985). Social loafing on difficult tasks: Working collectively can improve performance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 49, 937-942.
Janis, I. L. (1982). Victims of groupthink (2nd ed.). Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
Judge, T. A., & Bono, J. E. (2000). Five-factor model of personality and transformational leadership. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85(5), 751-765.
Judge, T. A., & Cable, D. M. (1997). Applicant personality, organiza-tional culture, and organization attraction. Personnel Psychol-ogy, 50, 359-394.
Karau, S. J., & Williams, K. D. (1993). Social Loafing: A Meta-Analytic Review and Theoretical Integration. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65(4), 681-706.
Kassarjian, H. H. (1971). Personality and consumer behavior: A re-view. Journal of Marketing Research, 22, 409-455.
Kelley, H. H., & Grzelak, J. (1972). Conflict between individual and common inteest in an N-person relationship. Journal of Person-ality and Social Psychology, 21, 190-197.
Kenneth, H. P., David, A. H., & Joanne, H. G. (2006). Withholding Inputs in Team Contexts: Member Composition, Interaction Processes, Evaluation Structure, and Social Loafing. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91, 966-978.
Kerr, N. L., & Bruun, S. E. (1983). Dispensability of member effort and group motivation losses: free-rider effects. Journal of Per-sonality and Social Psychology, 44(1), 78-94.
Kilmann, R. H., & Thomas, K. W. (1975). Interpersonal conflict handing behavior as reflections of Jungian personality dimen-sions. Psychological Report, 37, 971-980.
Kilmoski, R., & Mohammed, S. (1994). Team mental model: Con-struct ormetaphor. Journal of Management, 20, 403-437.
Kugihara, N. (1999). Gender and Social Loafing in Janpan. The Jour-nal of Social Psychology, 139(4), 516-526.
Kwong, J. Y. Y., & Cheung, F. M. (2003). Prediction of performance facets using specific personality traits in the Chinese context. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 63, 99-110.
Latane, B., Williams, K., & Harkins, S. (1979). Many hands make light the work: The causes and consequences of social loafing. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37(1), 822-832.
Littlepage, G. E., Schmidt, G. W., Whisler, E. W., & Frost, A. G. (1995). An input-process-output analysis of influence and per-formance in problem-solving groups. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69, 877- 889.
Locke, E. A. (1976). The nature and causes of job satisfaction. In M.D. Dunnett (Ed.), Handbook of Industrial and Organizational Psychology (pp.1297-1343). Chicago: Rand McNally.
Mann, R. D. (1959). A review of the relationship between personality and performance in small groups. Psychology Bulletin, 56, 241-270.
McCrae, R. R., & John, O. P. (1992). An introduction to the five-factor model and its applications. Journal of Personality, 60, 175-215.
Michael, K. M., & Murry, R. B. (1998). Five Reasons why the Big Five article has been frequently cited. Personnel Psychology, 51(4), 849-857
Miles, J. A., & Greenberg, J. (1993). Using punishment treats to at-tenuate social loafing efforts among swimmers. Organiza-tional Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 56(1), 246-265.
Mowen, J. C., & Spears, N. (1999). A hierarchical model approach to understanding compulsive buying among college students. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 8(4), 407-430.
Mulvey, P. W., & Klein, H. J. (1998). The impact of perceived loaf- ing and collective efficacy on group goal processes and group performance. Organization Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 74(1), 62-87.
Mulvey, P. W., Sperry, L. B., & Klein, H. J. (1998). The effects of perceived loafing and defensive impression management on group effectiveness. Small Group Research, 29(3), 394-415.
Neuman, G. A., & Wright, J. (1999). Team effectiveness: Beyond skills and cognitive ability. Journal of Applied Psychology, 84, 76-389.
Norman, W. T. (1963). Toward an Adequate Taxonomy of Personality Attribute: Replicated Factor Structure in Peer Nomination Per-sonality Rating. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 66, 574-583.
O’Connell, M. S., Doverspike, D., Norris-Watts, C., & Hattrup, K. (2001). Predictors of organizational citizenship behavior among Mexican retail salespeople. Journal of organizational Analysis, 9(3), 272-281.
Ones, D. S., Viswesvaran, C., & Schmidt, F. (1993). Meta-analysis of integrity test validities: Findings and implications for per-sonnel selection and theories of job performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78, 679-703.
Orden, Claudia, Y. D., Buunk, Bram, P., Gaillard, & Anthony, W. K. (1998). Social loafing under fatigue. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75(5), 915-1107
Organ, D. W., & Lingel, A. (1995), Personality, satisfaction, and or-ganizational citizenship behavior. The Journal of Social Psy-chology, 135, 339-350.
Peabody, D. (1987). Selecting representative trait adjectives. Journal of personality and Social Psychology, 52, 59-71.
Pervin, L. A. (1968). Performance and Satisfaction as a Function of Individual Environment Fit. Psychological Bulletin, 69, 56-68.
Pervin, L. A., & John, O. P. (1997). Personality: Theory and re-seach(7th ed.). New York: John Wiley.
Phares, E. J., & Chaplin, W. F. (1997). Introduction to personality (4th ed.). New York: Longman.
Plaks, J. E., & Higgins, E. T. (2000). Pragmatic use of stereo-typing in teamwork: Social loafing and compensation as a function of in-ferred partner-situation fit. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79(6), 962-974.
Robbins, A. S., Spence, J. T., & Clark, H. (1991). Psychological De-terminants of Health and Performance: The Tangled Web of De-sirable and Undesirable Characteristics. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61, 545-557.
Robert, L., Sandy, J. W., Renata, A. J., & Nathan, B. (2004). Social Loafing: A Field Investigation. Journal of Management, 30, 255-265.
Salgado, J. F. (1997). The 5-Factor Model of Personality and Job-Performance in the European-community. Journal of Ap-plied Psychology, 82, 30-43
Schneider, F. W., & Delaney, J. G. (1972). Effect of individuala-chievement motivation on group problem solving efficiency. Journal of Social Psychology, 86, 291-298.
Schutte, N. S., Malouff, J. M., Bobik, C., Coston, T. D., Greeson, C., & Jedlicka, C. (2004). Emotional intelligence and interpersonal relations. The Journal of Social Psychology, 141(4), 523-536.
Scott, R. C., & Mitchell (1972). Productivity Improvement through better Management of Human Resources. Cost and Manage-ment, 49(1), 14-24.
Shepherd, M. M., Briggs, R. O., Reinig, B. A., Yen, J., Jay, F., & Nunamaker, J. R. (1996). Invoking social comparison to im-prove electronic brainstorming: Beyond anonymity. Journal of Management Information Systems, 12(3), 27-39.
Shepperd, J. A., & Wright, R. A. (1989). Individual contributions to a
collective effort: An incentive analysis. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 15, 141-149.
Siem, F. M., & Murray, M. W. (1994). Personality-Factors Affecting Pilot Combat Performance-A Preliminary Investigation, Avia-tion Space and Environmental Medicine, 65, 45-48.
Srivastava, R., Oliver, P. J., & Samuel, D. G. (2003). Development of personality in early and middle adulthood: Set like plaster or persistent change?. Journal of Personality and Social Psychol-ogy, 84, 885-957.
Susan, M. M., Sandy, J. W., Robert, C. L., & Berrin, E. (2003). Understanding social loafing: The role of justice perceptions and exchange relationships. Human Relations, 56, 42-51.
Tett, R. P., Jackson, D. N., & Rothstein, M. (1991). Personality meas-ures as predictors of job performance: A meta-analytic review. Personnel Psychology, 44, 703-742.
Thoms, P., Moore, K. S., & Scott, K. S. (1996). The relationship be-tween self-efficacy for participating in self-managed work groups and the big five personality dimensions. Journal of Or-ganizational Behavior, 17, 349-362.
Toker, D. M., & Subich, L. M. (1997). Relative Contributions of Con-gruence and Personality Dimensions to Job Satisfaction. Jour-nal of Vocational Behavior, 50, 482-491.
Tupes, E. C., & Christal, R. E. (1961). Recurrent personality factors based on trait ratings (USAF ASD Technical Report, No. 61-97). Lakeland Air Force Base, TX: U.S. Air Force.
Vigoda, E. (2000). Organizational politics, job attitudes, and work outcomes, exploration and implications for the public sector. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 57, 326-347.
Vinchur, A., Schippmann, J., Switzer, F., & Roth, P. (1998). A meta-analytical review of predictors of job performance for sales people. Journal of Applied Psychology, 82, 30-43.
Waller, J. E. (1996). Social loafing and the group evaluation effect of dissimilarity in a social comparison standard. Psychological Reports, 78(1), 177-178.
Waston, D. (1971). Reinforcement theory of personality and social systems: Dominance and position in a group power structure. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 20, 180-185.
Waston, D., & Tellegen, A. (1985). Toward a consensual structure of mood. Psychological Bulletin, 98, 219-235.
Wayne, J. H., Musisca, N., & Fleeson, W. (2004). Considering the role of personality in the work-family experience: relationships of the big five to work-family conflict and facilitation. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 64(1), 108.
Wiggins, J. S. (1996). The Five-Factor model of personality. New York: Guilford.
Williams, K. D., & Karau, S. J. (1991). Social Loafing and Social Compensation: The Effects of Expectations of Co-worker Per-formance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61(4), 570-581.
Woodman, R. W., Sawyer, J. E., & Griffin, R. W. (1993). Toward a theory of organizational creativity. Academy of Management Review, 18, 293-321.
Zander, A., & Foreard, J. (1968). Position in groups, achievement ori-entation, and group aspiration. Journal of Personality and So-cial Psychology, 8, 282-288.
Zimbardo, P. G. (1992). Psychology and life (3rd ed.). New York: Harper Collins Publishers.