臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文使用計算流體力學軟體Flovent，研究探討太陽煙囪與 Trombe Wall對於一棟三層樓自然通風設計建築室內浮力通風效率的影響。此研究探討在不同牆壁邊界條件下，改變外界環境變數，以及太陽煙囪玻璃透射率與Trombe Wall等建築物理參數的影響，研究工作模擬上述參數變化時，對於室內浮力通風的影響以及分析室內通風效率的變化因素。本研究模擬軟體採用有限體積法，配合k-E紊流模式求解質量守�琚A動量守�琱巹銃q守�琱韏{式，模擬建築環境流場流動與溫度分佈。探討牆壁邊界條件為玻璃纖維與絕熱材質時，改變外界環境參數與建築物理參數對於室內環境的影響，外界環境參數為不同的太陽入射角度，建築物理參數包括Trombe wall材質(鋁塊，磚牆與玻璃纖維)以及太陽煙囪玻璃透射率。本建築物的北側與南側房間為不對稱排列，北側房間向西面較為突出。首先在牆壁材質為玻璃纖維時的研究結果顯示，室內通風的能量來源主要由牆壁對於太陽輻射吸收的熱能，並將所儲存的熱能傳導至室內居住空間，導致太陽煙囪會低於牆壁所產生的浮力效應。太陽煙囪裝設Trombe wall後無法有效提高室內通風；改變不同太陽煙囪玻璃透射率也無法使太陽煙囪的浮力效應高於牆壁。太陽入射角方面，對於建築相同的入射角與高度角，室內環境並不會有明顯的變化，由於北側房間為非對稱與太陽煙囪在西面有開口，使下午四點時北側與太陽煙囪會接收較多輻射量，讓室內環境產生較大的影響，中午十二點，因高度角較高會使牆壁接收較少輻射量，導致室內通風效率較低。以上參數在室內換氣量方面無明顯的差距，但室內溫度方面，在裝設Trombe wall與提高玻璃的透射率會使得太陽煙囪四樓的溫度較為上升，不同太陽入射角度也會對室內溫度有所影響。在牆壁材質為絕熱材質時，室內通風驅動力的來源主要為太陽煙囪，太陽煙囪裝設Trombe wall能夠使室內通風效率增加，Trombe wall材料為高比熱與高密度時能夠有較高的效率；在太陽煙囪透射率方面，太陽煙囪在高透射率以及高吸收率時，能有較大的通風效率，不同煙囪玻璃性質對於室內溫度並無明顯改變，只有在太陽煙囪的頂部溫度會因透射率與吸收率的不同而產生變化。在太陽入射角方面，當牆壁為絕熱材質時，室內通風主要驅動力來源為太陽煙囪頂部，在不同的太陽入射角與相同的高度角對於室內通風量並無明顯的影響。太陽入射角為正南方時，由於太陽煙囪玻璃接收以及透射較多輻射量，室內通風量與太陽煙囪頂部溫度較高，三種參數對於太陽煙囪的中性層無太大的影響。牆壁材質為玻璃纖維時，由於加熱牆壁的浮力效應高於太陽煙囪產生的效應，以致只有不同太陽入射角會影響室內環境；在牆壁為絕熱材質時，室內通風的驅動力主要以太陽煙囪產生的浮力效應為主，在改變不同建築物理參數與環境參數時，對室內環境皆會產生相當的影響。

This research uses Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) program, Flovent,
to analyze buoyancy ventilation effect in a three-story building with a solar chimney and a Trombe wall. In this study ambient parameters and building physical parameters are varied to analyze the change of natural ventilation efficiency. The analyzed parameters include solar time (at the same solar day), Trombe wall materials (Aluminum, Brick and Fiber glass) and transmittance of glass in the solar chimney. CFD program uses the finite volume method and standard two-equation k-E turbulence model to calculate air flow and temperature distribution in the building. According to the simulation results of different Trombe wall materials, when the material of the wall is Fiber glass, walls can absorb solar radiation in them and provide heat energy to indoor air. Main buoyancy driven force of indoor ventilation is from heating walls. Buoyancy effect of solar chimney is weaker than heating walls. Therefore solar chimney with Trombe wall does not have significant effect on indoor ventilation. For the glass transmittance, this series of simulation has similar results. The construction configuration is not symmetrical. The northern room has a protrusive square part to the west, and the southern room is facing the sun directly at noon. The northern room is asymmetric to the sun at different solar time. At the same solar altitude angle the northern room has different indoor environment performance. When the wall is made of insulation material, the main buoyancy driven force of indoor ventilation is due to solar chimney. Indoor exchange flow rate increases when solar chimney with Trombe wall of higher specific heat and higher density. For higher transmittance of glass, indoor air receives more solar radiation, and that causes higher indoor exchange flow rate. The high absorption of glass can store heat inside itself to provide heat energy for indoor air.Indoor temperature does not vary much for different solar chimney glass properties when the wall is made of insulation material. Only the top of solar chimney has different temperature distribution for different values of transmittance and absorption. When the solar azimuth angle is different and the solar altitude angle is the same to solar chimney, the indoor exchange flow rate does not change a lot. When the solar time is at twelve o'clock, solar chimney glass receives the most solar radiation and indoor environment has the highest ventilation rate. The neutral level in solar chimney does not change much for the same wall material. When the wall is made of Fiber glass, buoyancy effect of heating wall is higher than that of solar chimney. Different Trombe wall and glass transmittance does not affect the indoor environment much,Only different solar radiation angle changes the properties of indoor environment. When the wall is made of insulation material, the buoyancy driven force is mainly due to solar chimney. Different building physical parameters and ambient parameter change indoor environment Performance.

中文摘要………………………………………………… i
英文摘要………………………………………………… iii
致謝……………………………………………………… v
目錄……………………………………………………… vi
符號索引………………………………………………… viii
表目錄…………………………………………………… ix
圖目錄…………………………………………………… xi

1 緒論 1
1.1 研究動機與目的………………………………… 1
1.2 太陽能系統……………………………………… 3
1.3 太陽煙囪(Solar chimney)…………………… 4
1.4 Trombe wall…………………………………… 4
1.5 中性層之定義…………………………………… 5
1.6 文獻回顧………………………………………… 6
1.7 論文架構………………………………………… 10

2 物理模型與數值方法 12
2.1 數值方法………………………………………… 13
2.1.1 統御方程式……………………………… 13
2.1.2 紊流模式………………………………… 14
2.1.3 浮力近似法……………………………… 19
2.2 模擬工作計算流力軟體簡介…………………… 20
2.3 數值模擬之幾何外型與模擬參數……………… 22
2.4 數值驗證………………………………………… 23
2.5 計算設備和時間及收斂標準…………………… 25
2.6 小結……………………………………………… 26

3 邊界條件為玻璃纖維時室內環境分析 27
3.1 太陽煙囪結合Trombe wall於不同太陽輻射 … 27
3.1.1 無Trombe wall…………………………… 28
3.1.2 加裝Trombe wall………………………… 30
3.2 改變太陽煙囪玻璃透射率 ……………………… 31
3.2.1 無Trombe wall…………………………… 31
3.2.2 加裝Trombe wall………………………… 33
3.3 改變不同太陽入射角度 ………………………… 34
3.4 小結 ……………………………………………… 37

4 邊界條件為絕熱材質時室內環境分析 39
4.1 太陽煙囪結合Trombe wall於不同太陽輻射…… 39
4.1.1 無Trombe wall…………………………… 39
4.1.2 加裝Trombe wall………………………… 41
4.2 改變太陽煙囪玻璃透射率 ……………………… 43
4.2.1 透射率為0.06 …………………………… 43
4.2.2 透射率為0.18 …………………………… 45
4.2.3 透射率為0.84 …………………………… 47
4.2.4 不同透射率的影響 ……………………… 49
4.3 改變不同太陽入射角度 ………………………… 50
4.4 小結 ……………………………………………… 54

5 結論與建議 56
5.1 結論 ……………………………………………… 56
5.2 建議 ……………………………………………… 59

參考文獻 61

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