臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

　　憂鬱症於全球之罹患率約為10%，但目前臨床之治療方法卻易造成副作用，如體重下降、食慾不振等。因此尋求副作用較少的替代性療法具有極大的意義。甘麥大棗湯由甘草 (Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.) 、小麥 (Triticum aestivum L.) 及大棗 (Zizyphus jujuba Mill.) 所組成，具有和中緩急，補中益氣之能，有助於養心安神、亦補脾氣，在中醫上被用於治療臟躁，而臟躁之臨床病症與憂鬱症頗為相似。強迫游泳試驗 (forced swim test) 為利用常見用於評估臨床抗憂鬱劑之動物模式，因此本研究欲以此模式來探討甘麥大棗湯及其單方組成材料之抗憂鬱效果。實驗採用八週齡Nerl: Wistar公鼠隨機分為六組，分別為C組 (dd H2O 10 mL/kg bw) 、L組 (甘草萃取物0.4 g/kg bw) ，W組 (小麥萃取物1.6 g/kg bw) 、J組 (大棗萃取物0.5 g/kg bw) 、LWJ (甘麥大棗湯萃取物2.5 g/kg bw，甘草、小麥及大棗比例為5:20:6) 以及P組 (百憂解Prozac 18 mg/kg bw) ，在胃管灌注21天樣品後，進行強迫游泳試驗，試驗完成後立即犧牲，取其腦部分析單胺類化合物 (monoamine) 之含量。實驗結果顯示，P組大鼠體重及食慾明顯降低 (p<0.05) ，而其餘組別與控制組相比皆無顯著性之差異。給予LWJ及百憂解顯著降低(p<0.05)大鼠在強迫游泳試驗中之不活動時間，而其他單方組別與控制組相較之下無明顯差異。在5-hydroxytrypatamine (5-HT) 方面，LWJ組及P組可以顯著增加 (p<0.05) 大鼠腦部皮質前區之5-HT含量；而在皮質前區與杏仁核中的5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) 與控制組相比無顯著差異。LWJ組及P組可顯著提升紋狀體中dopamine (DA) 之含量，並可降低3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) 及DOPAC/DA的代謝率。綜合以上結果顯示，甘麥大棗湯對強迫游泳試驗所誘導的憂鬱症具有改善之效果，並且不會有體重下降及食慾減低之副作用。

Depression is a kind of psychiatric disorders that affects more than 10% of the general population. The clinical treatments used nowadays always cause several side-effects such as losing body weight and reducing appetite. Therefore, we expect to look for the alternative treatment simultaneous with antidepressant effect and less side-effect. Gan-Mai-Dazao-Tang is a traditional decoction used to treat depression and anxiety. The ingredients of Gan-Mai-Dazao-Tang include Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. (licorice), Triticum aestivum L. (wheat) and Zizyphus jujuba Mill. (jujube). It can nourish the heart, tranquilize the mind, invigorate the spleen and replenish qi (氣) in the traditional Chinese medicine. The objective of this study is to investigate the antidepressant effects of Gan-Mai-Dazao-Tang and its ingredients in rats on the forced-swim test (FST) – an animal model for predicting the clinical efficacy of antidepressants. Eight-week-old male Nerl: Wistar rats were randomized to C (10 mL/kg bw dd H2O), L (0.4 g/kg bw licorice extract), W (1.6 g/kg bw wheat extract), J (0.5 g/kg bw jujube extract), LWJ [2.5 g/kg bw of complex extract (licorice: wheat: jujube = 5:20:6)] and P (18 mg/kg bw Prozac) groups. Samples were administered by gavage for 21 days. After FST, the animals were sacrificed and their brains were collected for monoamines analysis. The results have shown that the body weight and the appetite of rats were significantly lowered in P group (p<0.05), while the other groups were not significantly different with each other. The immobility time in FST was significantly decreased in LWJ and P group compared with control (p<0.05), but the ingredients of Gan-Mai-Dazao-Tang showed no significantly antidepressant effect in FST. The concentration of serotonin (5-HT) in frontal cortex were significantly higher in LWJ and P group compared with control (p<0.05), although 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in frontal cortex and amygdale were not significantly different between LWJ and the control group. However, administration of LWJ and P significantly increased the dopamine (DA) concentration (p<0.05) and decreased the concentration of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) (p<0.05) and DOPAC/DA turnover (p<0.05) in striatum compared to the control. The results indicate that Gan-Mai-Dazao-Tang may have the potential antidepressant effect and less side-effect in rats.

中文摘要 I
英文摘要 II
目錄 IV
圖次 VI
表次 VII
第一章、前言 1
第二章、憂鬱症 3
第一節、憂鬱症之介紹 3
第二節、憂鬱症的重要性 4
第三節、憂鬱症之成因 7
第四節、神經傳導 8
第五節、單胺類神經傳導物質 9
第六節、憂鬱症之治療 11
第七節、憂鬱症之動物模式 14
第三章、本實驗之實驗材料介紹 21
第一節、甘麥大棗湯 (Gan-Mai-Dazao-Tang) 21
第二節、甘草 (Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.) 25
第三節、小麥 (Triticum aestivum L.) 31
第四節、大棗 (Zizyphus jujuba Mill.) 33
第四章、實驗架構 38
第一節、樣品萃取 38
第二節、動物實驗 39
第五章、材料與方法 39
第一節、實驗材料 39
第二節、實驗方法 44
第六章、實驗結果 48
第七章、結果與討論 51
第八章、結論 65
第九章、參考文獻 66
附錄 74

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