林富美。2001。由本土分離乳酸菌株之特性探討及應用。國立台灣大學農業化學研究所碩士論文。蔡英傑。1998。乳酸菌應用綜論。生物產業。9: 258-264。劉彥德。2014。副乾酪乳酸桿菌 NTU 101 與胚芽乳酸桿菌 NTU 102 對於 EL-4T 細胞 株與過敏原誘發之小鼠免疫調節功效。國立台灣大學生化科技學系碩士論文。Abraham, C. and Cho, J. H. 2009. Inflammatory bowel disease. N Engl J Med. 361: 2066-2078.
Akman, T., Akarsu, M., Akpinar, H., Resmi, H. and Taylan, E. 2012. Erythrocyte deformability and oxidative stress in inflammatory bowel disease. Dig Dis Sci. 57: 458-464.
Alfaleh, K., Anabrees, J., Bassler, D. and Al-Kharfi, T. 2011. Probiotics for prevention of necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD005496.pub3CD005496.
Alfaleh, K. and Bassler, D. 2008. Probiotics for prevention of necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD005496.pub2CD005496.
Allen, S. J., Okoko, B., Martinez, E., Gregorio, G. and Dans, L. F. 2004. Probiotics for treating infectious diarrhoea. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003048.pub2CD003048.
Anderson, R. C., Cookson, A. L., McNabb, W. C., Park, Z., McCann, M. J., Kelly, W. J. and Roy, N. C. 2010. Lactobacillus plantarum MB452 enhances the function of the intestinal barrier by increasing the expression levels of genes involved in tight junction formation. BMC Microbiol. 10: 316.
Andriulli, A., Neri, M., Loguercio, C., Terreni, N., Merla, A., Cardarella, M. P., Federico, A., Chilovi, F., Milandri, G. L., De Bona, M., Cavenati, S., Gullini, S., Abbiati, R., Garbagna, N., Cerutti, R. and Grossi, E. 2008. Clinical trial on the efficacy of a new symbiotic formulation, Flortec, in patients with irritable bowel syndrome: a multicenter, randomized study. J Clin Gastroenterol. 42 Suppl 3 Pt 2: S218-223.
Ardizzone, S., Maconi, G., Russo, A., Imbesi, V., Colombo, E. and Bianchi Porro, G. 2006. Randomised controlled trial of azathioprine and 5-aminosalicylic acid for treatment of steroid dependent ulcerative colitis. Gut 55: 47-53.
Artis, D. 2008. Epithelial-cell recognition of commensal bacteria and maintenance of immune homeostasis in the gut Nat Rev Immunol. 8: 411-420.
Asakura, K., Nishiwaki, Y., Inoue, N., Hibi, T., Watanabe, M. and Takebayashi, T. 2009. Prevalence of ulcerative colitis and Crohn''s disease in Japan. J Gastroenterol. 44: 659-665.
Atreya, R., Mudter, J., Finotto, S., Mullberg, J., Jostock, T., Wirtz, S., Schutz, M., Bartsch, B., Holtmann, M., Becker, C., Strand, D., Czaja, J., Schlaak, J. F., Lehr, H. A., Autschbach, F., Schurmann, G., Nishimoto, N., Yoshizaki, K., Ito, H., Kishimoto, T., Galle, P. R., Rose-John, S. and Neurath, M. F. 2000. Blockade of interleukin 6 trans signaling suppresses T-cell resistance against apoptosis in chronic intestinal inflammation: evidence in crohn disease and experimental colitis in vivo. Nat Med. 6: 583-588.
Atreya, R., Zimmer, M., Bartsch, B., Waldner, M. J., Atreya, I., Neumann, H., Hildner, K., Hoffman, A., Kiesslich, R., Rink, A. D., Rau, T. T., Rose-John, S., Kessler, H., Schmidt, J. and Neurath, M. F. 2011. Antibodies against tumor necrosis factor (TNF) induce T-cell apoptosis in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases via TNF receptor 2 and intestinal CD14(+) macrophages. Gastroenterology. 141: 2026-2038.
Autschbach, F., Braunstein, J., Helmke, B., Zuna, I., Schurmann, G., Niemir, Z. I., Wallich, R., Otto, H. F. and Meuer, S. C. 1998. In situ expression of interleukin-10 in noninflamed human gut and in inflammatory bowel disease. Am J Pathol. 153: 121-130.
Bäckhed, F., Ding, H., Wang, T., Hooper, L. V., Koh, G. Y., Nagy, A., Semenkovich, C. F. and Gordon, J. I. 2004. The gut microbiota as an environmental factor that regulates fat storage. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 101: 15718-15723.
Bäckhed, F., Manchester, J. K., Semenkovich, C. F. and Gordon, J. I. 2007. Mechanisms underlying the resistance to diet-induced obesity in germ-free mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 104: 979-984.
Barker, D. J. 2007. The origins of the developmental origins theory. J Intern Med. 261: 412-417.
Bäuerl, C., Perez-Martinez, G., Yan, F., Polk, D. B. and Monedero, V. 2010. Functional analysis of the p40 and p75 proteins from Lactobacillus casei BL23. J Mol Microbiol Biotechnol. 19: 231-241.
Baumgart, D. C., Bernstein, C. N., Abbas, Z., Colombel, J. F., Day, A. S., D''Haens, G., Dotan, I., Goh, K. L., Hibi, T., Kozarek, R. A., Quigley, E. M., Reinisch, W., Sands, B. E., Sollano, J. D., Steinhart, A. H., Steinwurz, F., Vatn, M. H. and Yamamoto-Furusho, J. K. 2011. IBD Around the world: comparing the epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment: proceedings of the World Digestive Health Day 2010--Inflammatory Bowel Disease Task Force meeting. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 17: 639-644.
Baumgart, D. C., Macdonald, J. K. and Feagan, B. 2008. Tacrolimus (FK506) for induction of remission in refractory ulcerative colitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD007216CD007216.
Baumgart, D. C. and Sandborn, W. J. 2012. Crohn''s disease. Lancet 380: 1590-1605.
Benor, S., Russell, G. H., Silver, M., Israel, E. J., Yuan, Q. and Winter, H. S. 2010. Shortcomings of the inflammatory bowel disease Serology 7 panel. Pediatrics 125: 1230-1236.
Bibiloni, R., Fedorak, R. N., Tannock, G. W., Madsen, K. L., Gionchetti, P., Campieri, M., De Simone, C. and Sartor, R. B. 2005. VSL#3 probiotic-mixture induces remission in patients with active ulcerative colitis. Am J Gastroenterol. 100: 1539-1546.
Biller, J. A., Katz, A. J., Flores, A. F., Buie, T. M. and Gorbach, S. L. 1995. Treatment of recurrent Clostridium difficile colitis with Lactobacillus GG. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 21: 224-226.
Bin-Nun, A., Bromiker, R., Wilschanski, M., Kaplan, M., Rudensky, B., Caplan, M. and Hammerman, C. 2005. Oral probiotics prevent necrotizing enterocolitis in very low birth weight neonates. J Pediatr. 147: 192-196.
Bisgaard, H., Li, N., Bonnelykke, K., Chawes, B. L., Skov, T., Paludan-Muller, G., Stokholm, J., Smith, B. and Krogfelt, K. A. 2011. Reduced diversity of the intestinal microbiota during infancy is associated with increased risk of allergic disease at school age. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 128: 646-652 e641-645.
Brandtzaeg, P. and Pabst, R. 2004. Let''s go mucosal: communication on slippery ground. Trends Immunol. 25: 570-577.
Bron, P. A., van Baarlen, P. and Kleerebezem, M. 2012. Emerging molecular insights into the interaction between probiotics and the host intestinal mucosa. Nat Rev Microbiol. 10: 66-78.
Brook, I. 2008. Microbiology and management of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis. Am J Perinatol. 25: 111-118.
Buffinton, G. D. and Doe, W. F. 1995. Depleted mucosal antioxidant defences in inflammatory bowel disease. Free Radic Biol Med. 19: 911-918.
Buhner, S., Buning, C., Genschel, J., Kling, K., Herrmann, D., Dignass, A., Kuechler, I., Krueger, S., Schmidt, H. H. and Lochs, H. 2006. Genetic basis for increased intestinal permeability in families with Crohn''s disease: role of CARD15 3020insC mutation? Gut 55: 342-347.
Campbell, S., Travis, S. and Jewell, D. 2005. Ciclosporin use in acute ulcerative colitis: a long-term experience. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 17: 79-84.
Cani, P. D. and Delzenne, N. M. 2007. Gut microflora as a target for energy and metabolic homeostasis. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 10: 729-734.
Cani, P. D., Neyrinck, A. M., Fava, F., Knauf, C., Burcelin, R. G., Tuohy, K. M., Gibson, G. R. and Delzenne, N. M. 2007. Selective increases of bifidobacteria in gut microflora improve high-fat-diet-induced diabetes in mice through a mechanism associated with endotoxaemia. Diabetologia. 50: 2374-2383.
Castellarin, M., Warren, R. L., Freeman, J. D., Dreolini, L., Krzywinski, M., Strauss, J., Barnes, R., Watson, P., Allen-Vercoe, E., Moore, R. A. and Holt, R. A. 2012. Fusobacterium nucleatum infection is prevalent in human colorectal carcinoma. Genome Res. 22: 299-306.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2014. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Clifton Road Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/ibd/addressing-ibd.htm. Accessed Jan 25.
Cerf-Bensussan, N. and Gaboriau-Routhiau, V. 2010. The immune system and the gut microbiota: friends or foes? Nat Rev Immunol. 10: 735-744.
Chapman, T. M., Plosker, G. L. and Figgitt, D. P. 2006. VSL#3 probiotic mixture: a review of its use in chronic inflammatory bowel diseases. Drugs. 66: 1371-1387.
Chassaing, B., Aitken, J. D., Malleshappa, M. and Vijay-Kumar, M. 2014. Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. Curr Protoc Immunol. 104: Unit 15 25.
Cheng, M. C., Tsai, T. Y. and Pan, T. M. 2015. Anti-obesity activity of the water extract of Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei NTU 101 fermented soy milk products. Food Funct. 6: 3522-3530.
Chiang, S. S. and Pan, T. M. 2011. Antiosteoporotic effects of Lactobacillus -fermented soy skim milk on bone mineral density and the microstructure of femoral bone in ovariectomized mice. J Agric Food Chem. 59: 7734-7742.
Chiang, S. S., Liua, C. F., Tseng, K. C., Maub, J. L. and Pan, T. M. 2012. Immunomodulatory effects of dead Lactobacillus on murine splenocytes and macrophages. Food and Agric. Immun. 23: 183-202.
Chiu, C. H., Lu, T. Y., Tseng, Y. Y. and Pan, T. M. 2006. The effects of Lactobacillus-fermented milk on lipid metabolism in hamsters fed on high-cholesterol diet. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 71: 238-245.
Christensen, H. R., Frokiaer, H. and Pestka, J. J. 2002. Lactobacilli differentially modulate expression of cytokines and maturation surface markers in murine dendritic cells. J Immunol. 168: 171-178.
Chuang, C. H., Lin, S. H., Chen, C. Y., Sheu, B. S., Kao, A. W. and Wang, J. D. 2013. Increasing incidence and lifetime risk of inflammatory bowel disease in Taiwan: a nationwide study in a low-endemic area 1998-2010. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 19: 2815-2819.
Claeson, M. and Merson, M. H. 1990. Global progress in the control of diarrheal diseases. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 9: 345-355.
Corr, S. C., Li, Y., Riedel, C. U., O''Toole, P. W., Hill, C. and Gahan, C. G. 2007. Bacteriocin production as a mechanism for the antiinfective activity of Lactobacillus salivarius UCC118. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 104: 7617-7621.
Cremonini, F., Di Caro, S., Covino, M., Armuzzi, A., Gabrielli, M., Santarelli, L., Nista, E. C., Cammarota, G., Gasbarrini, G. and Gasbarrini, A. 2002. Effect of different probiotic preparations on anti-Helicobacter pylori therapy-related side effects: a parallel group, triple blind, placebo-controlled study. Am J Gastroenterol. 97: 2744-2749.
Danese, S. and Fiocchi, C. 2011. Ulcerative colitis. N Engl J Med. 365: 1713-1725.
Daperno, M., D''Haens, G., Van Assche, G., Baert, F., Bulois, P., Maunoury, V., Sostegni, R., Rocca, R., Pera, A., Gevers, A., Mary, J. Y., Colombel, J. F. and Rutgeerts, P. 2004. Development and validation of a new, simplified endoscopic activity score for Crohn''s disease: the SES-CD. Gastrointest Endosc. 60: 505-512.
Das, K. M., Vecchi, M. and Sakamaki, S. 1990. A shared and unique epitope(s) on human colon, skin, and biliary epithelium detected by a monoclonal antibody. Gastroenterology 98: 464-469.
De Simone, C., Tzantzoglou, S., Baldinelli, L., Di Fabio, S., Bianchi-Salvadori, B., Jirillo, E. and Vesely, R. 1988. Enhancement of host resistance against Salmonella typhimurium infection by a diet supplemented with yogurt. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol. 10: 399-415.
de Souza, H. S. and Fiocchi, C. 2016. Immunopathogenesis of IBD: current state of the art. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 13: 13-27.
Deshpande, G., Rao, S. and Patole, S. 2007. Probiotics for prevention of necrotising enterocolitis in preterm neonates with very low birthweight: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials. Lancet 369: 1614-1620.
Dijkstra, G., Moshage, H., van Dullemen, H. M., de Jager-Krikken, A., Tiebosch, A. T., Kleibeuker, J. H., Jansen, P. L. and van Goor, H. 1998. Expression of nitric oxide synthases and formation of nitrotyrosine and reactive oxygen species in inflammatory bowel disease. J Pathol. 186: 416-421.
D''Odorico, A., Bortolan, S., Cardin, R., D''Inca, R., Martines, D., Ferronato, A. and Sturniolo, G. C. 2001. Reduced plasma antioxidant concentrations and increased oxidative DNA damage in inflammatory bowel disease. Scand J Gastroenterol. 36: 1289-1294.
Dorofeyev, A. E., Vasilenko, I. V. and Rassokhina, O. A. 2009. Joint extraintestinal manifestations in ulcerative colitis. Dig Dis. 27: 502-510.
Drakes, M., Blanchard, T. and Czinn, S. 2004. Bacterial probiotic modulation of dendritic cells. Infect Immun. 72: 3299-3309.
D''Souza, A. L., Rajkumar, C., Cooke, J. and Bulpitt, C. J. 2002. Probiotics in prevention of antibiotic associated diarrhoea: meta-analysis. BMJ. 324: 1361.
Dubuquoy, L., Jansson, E. A., Deeb, S., Rakotobe, S., Karoui, M., Colombel, J. F., Auwerx, J., Pettersson, S. and Desreumaux, P. 2003. Impaired expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma in ulcerative colitis. Gastroenterology 124: 1265-1276.
Duerr, R. H., Targan, S. R., Landers, C. J., LaRusso, N. F., Lindsay, K. L., Wiesner, R. H. and Shanahan, F. 1991. Neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies: a link between primary sclerosing cholangitis and ulcerative colitis. Gastroenterology. 100: 1385-1391.
Duerr, R. H., Taylor, K. D., Brant, S. R., Rioux, J. D., Silverberg, M. S., Daly, M. J., Steinhart, A. H., Abraham, C., Regueiro, M., Griffiths, A., Dassopoulos, T., Bitton, A., Yang, H., Targan, S., Datta, L. W., Kistner, E. O., Schumm, L. P., Lee, A. T., Gregersen, P. K., Barmada, M. M., Rotter, J. I., Nicolae, D. L. and Cho, J. H. 2006. A genome-wide association study identifies IL23R as an inflammatory bowel disease gene. Science 314: 1461-1463.
Egger, B., Bajaj-Elliott, M., MacDonald, T. T., Inglin, R., Eysselein, V. E. and Buchler, M. W. 2000. Characterisation of acute murine dextran sodium sulphate colitis: cytokine profile and dose dependency. Digestion. 62: 240-248.
Faubion, W. A., Jr., Loftus, E. V., Jr., Harmsen, W. S., Zinsmeister, A. R. and Sandborn, W. J. 2001. The natural history of corticosteroid therapy for inflammatory bowel disease: a population-based study. Gastroenterology 121: 255-260.
Forsyth, C. B., Farhadi, A., Jakate, S. M., Tang, Y., Shaikh, M. and Keshavarzian, A. 2009. Lactobacillus GG treatment ameliorates alcohol-induced intestinal oxidative stress, gut leakiness, and liver injury in a rat model of alcoholic steatohepatitis. Alcohol. 43: 163-172.
Fujino, S., Andoh, A., Bamba, S., Ogawa, A., Hata, K., Araki, Y., Bamba, T. and Fujiyama, Y. 2003. Increased expression of interleukin 17 in inflammatory bowel disease. Gut 52: 65-70.
Furrie, E., Macfarlane, S., Kennedy, A., Cummings, J. H., Walsh, S. V., O''Neil D, A. and Macfarlane, G. T. 2005. Synbiotic therapy (Bifidobacterium longum/Synergy 1) initiates resolution of inflammation in patients with active ulcerative colitis: a randomised controlled pilot trial. Gut 54: 242-249.
Fuss, I. J., Joshi, B., Yang, Z., Degheidy, H., Fichtner-Feigl, S., de Souza, H., Rieder, F., Scaldaferri, F., Schirbel, A., Scarpa, M., West, G., Yi, C., Xu, L., Leland, P., Yao, M., Mannon, P., Puri, R. K., Fiocchi, C. and Strober, W. 2014. IL-13Ralpha2-bearing, type II NKT cells reactive to sulfatide self-antigen populate the mucosa of ulcerative colitis. Gut 63: 1728-1736.
Gaboriau-Routhiau, V., Rakotobe, S., Lecuyer, E., Mulder, I., Lan, A., Bridonneau, C., Rochet, V., Pisi, A., De Paepe, M., Brandi, G., Eberl, G., Snel, J., Kelly, D. and Cerf-Bensussan, N. 2009. The key role of segmented filamentous bacteria in the coordinated maturation of gut helper T cell responses. Immunity. 31: 677-689.
Geboes, K., Colombel, J. F., Greenstein, A., Jewell, D. P., Sandborn, W. J., Vatn, M. H., Warren, B., Riddell, R. H. and Pathology Task Force of the International Organization of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. 2008. Indeterminate colitis: a review of the concept--what''s in a name? Inflamm Bowel Dis. 14: 850-857.
Geng, X., Biancone, L., Dai, H. H., Lin, J. J., Yoshizaki, N., Dasgupta, A., Pallone, F. and Das, K. M. 1998. Tropomyosin isoforms in intestinal mucosa: production of autoantibodies to tropomyosin isoforms in ulcerative colitis. Gastroenterology 114: 912-922.
Gerlach, K., Hwang, Y., Nikolaev, A., Atreya, R., Dornhoff, H., Steiner, S., Lehr, H. A., Wirtz, S., Vieth, M., Waisman, A., Rosenbauer, F., McKenzie, A. N., Weigmann, B. and Neurath, M. F. 2014. TH9 cells that express the transcription factor PU.1 drive T cell-mediated colitis via IL-9 receptor signaling in intestinal epithelial cells. Nat Immunol. 15: 676-686.
Gill, H. S. and Guarner, F. 2004. Probiotics and human health: a clinical perspective. Postgrad Med J. 80: 516-526.
Gionchetti, P., Rizzello, F., Helwig, U., Venturi, A., Lammers, K. M., Brigidi, P., Vitali, B., Poggioli, G., Miglioli, M. and Campieri, M. 2003. Prophylaxis of pouchitis onset with probiotic therapy: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Gastroenterology 124: 1202-1209.
Gionchetti, P., Rizzello, F., Venturi, A., Brigidi, P., Matteuzzi, D., Bazzocchi, G., Poggioli, G., Miglioli, M. and Campieri, M. 2000. Oral bacteriotherapy as maintenance treatment in patients with chronic pouchitis: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Gastroenterology 119: 305-309.
Gisbert, J. P., Gonzalez-Lama, Y. and Mate, J. 2007. Systematic review: Infliximab therapy in ulcerative colitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 25: 19-37.
Goodman, W. A. and Pizarro, T. T. 2013. Regulatory cell populations in the intestinal mucosa. Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 29: 614-620.
Grangette, C., Nutten, S., Palumbo, E., Morath, S., Hermann, C., Dewulf, J., Pot, B., Hartung, T., Hols, P. and Mercenier, A. 2005. Enhanced antiinflammatory capacity of a Lactobacillus plantarum mutant synthesizing modified teichoic acids. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 102: 10321-10326.
Guandalini, S., Pensabene, L., Zikri, M. A., Dias, J. A., Casali, L. G., Hoekstra, H., Kolacek, S., Massar, K., Micetic-Turk, D., Papadopoulou, A., de Sousa, J. S., Sandhu, B., Szajewska, H. and Weizman, Z. 2000. Lactobacillus GG administered in oral rehydration solution to children with acute diarrhea: a multicenter European trial. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 30: 54-60.
Guarino, A., Canani, R. B., Spagnuolo, M. I., Albano, F. and Di Benedetto, L. 1997. Oral bacterial therapy reduces the duration of symptoms and of viral excretion in children with mild diarrhea. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 25: 516-519.
Guarner, F. and Malagelada, J. R. 2003. Gut flora in health and disease. Lancet 361: 512-519.
Guslandi, M., Giollo, P. and Testoni, P. A. 2003. A pilot trial of Saccharomyces boulardii in ulcerative colitis. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 15: 697-698.
Guslandi, M., Mezzi, G., Sorghi, M. and Testoni, P. A. 2000. Saccharomyces boulardii in maintenance treatment of Crohn''s disease. Dig Dis Sci. 45: 1462-1464.
Haep, L., Britzen-Laurent, N., Weber, T. G., Naschberger, E., Schaefer, A., Kremmer, E., Foersch, S., Vieth, M., Scheuer, W., Wirtz, S., Waldner, M. and Sturzl, M. 2015. Interferon Gamma Counteracts the Angiogenic Switch and Induces Vascular Permeability in Dextran Sulfate Sodium Colitis in Mice. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 21: 2360-2371.
Hall, L. J., Faivre, E., Quinlan, A., Shanahan, F., Nally, K. and Melgar, S. 2011. Induction and activation of adaptive immune populations during acute and chronic phases of a murine model of experimental colitis. Dig Dis Sci. 56: 79-89.
Halstensen, T. S., Das, K. M. and Brandtzaeg, P. 1995. Epithelial deposits of immunoglobulin G1 and activated complement co-localize with the "M(r) 40kD" putative auto-antigen in ulcerative colitis. Adv Exp Med Biol. 371B: 1273-1276.
Hatakka, K., Savilahti, E., Ponka, A., Meurman, J. H., Poussa, T., Nase, L., Saxelin, M. and Korpela, R. 2001. Effect of long term consumption of probiotic milk on infections in children attending day care centres: double blind, randomised trial. BMJ. 322: 1327.
Hawthorne, A. B., Logan, R. F., Hawkey, C. J., Foster, P. N., Axon, A. T., Swarbrick, E. T., Scott, B. B. and Lennard-Jones, J. E. 1992. Randomised controlled trial of azathioprine withdrawal in ulcerative colitis. BMJ. 305: 20-22.
Heller, F., Florian, P., Bojarski, C., Richter, J., Christ, M., Hillenbrand, B., Mankertz, J., Gitter, A. H., Burgel, N., Fromm, M., Zeitz, M., Fuss, I., Strober, W. and Schulzke, J. D. 2005. Interleukin-13 is the key effector Th2 cytokine in ulcerative colitis that affects epithelial tight junctions, apoptosis, and cell restitution. Gastroenterology. 129: 550-564.
Heller, F., Fromm, A., Gitter, A. H., Mankertz, J. and Schulzke, J. D. 2008. Epithelial apoptosis is a prominent feature of the epithelial barrier disturbance in intestinal inflammation: effect of pro-inflammatory interleukin-13 on epithelial cell function. Mucosal Immunol. 1 Suppl 1: S58-61.
Henao-Mejia, J., Elinav, E., Jin, C., Hao, L., Mehal, W. Z., Strowig, T., Thaiss, C. A., Kau, A. L., Eisenbarth, S. C., Jurczak, M. J., Camporez, J. P., Shulman, G. I., Gordon, J. I., Hoffman, H. M. and Flavell, R. A. 2012. Inflammasome-mediated dysbiosis regulates progression of NAFLD and obesity. Nature 482: 179-185.
Henker, J., Muller, S., Laass, M. W., Schreiner, A. and Schulze, J. 2008. Probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) for successful remission maintenance of ulcerative colitis in children and adolescents: an open-label pilot study. Z Gastroenterol. 46: 874-875.
Hojsak, I., Abdovic, S., Szajewska, H., Milosevic, M., Krznaric, Z. and Kolacek, S. 2010a. Lactobacillus GG in the prevention of nosocomial gastrointestinal and respiratory tract infections. Pediatrics 125: e1171-1177.
Hojsak, I., Snovak, N., Abdovic, S., Szajewska, H., Misak, Z. and Kolacek, S. 2010b. Lactobacillus GG in the prevention of gastrointestinal and respiratory tract infections in children who attend day care centers: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Clin Nutr. 29: 312-316.
Holscher, H. D., Czerkies, L. A., Cekola, P., Litov, R., Benbow, M., Santema, S., Alexander, D. D., Perez, V., Sun, S., Saavedra, J. M. and Tappenden, K. A. 2012. Bifidobacterium lactis Bb12 enhances intestinal antibody response in formula-fed infants: a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 36: 106S-117S.
Holubar, S. D., Cima, R. R., Sandborn, W. J. and Pardi, D. S. 2010. Treatment and prevention of pouchitis after ileal pouch-anal anastomosis for chronic ulcerative colitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001176.pub2CD001176.
Holzapfel, W. H., Haberer, P., Snel, J., Schillinger, U. and Huis in''t Veld, J. H. 1998. Overview of gut flora and probiotics. Int J Food Microbiol. 41: 85-101.
Hommes, D. W. and van Deventer, S. J. 2004. Endoscopy in inflammatory bowel diseases. Gastroenterology 126: 1561-1573.
Hoshi, N., Schenten, D., Nish, S. A., Walther, Z., Gagliani, N., Flavell, R. A., Reizis, B., Shen, Z., Fox, J. G., Iwasaki, A. and Medzhitov, R. 2012. MyD88 signalling in colonic mononuclear phagocytes drives colitis in IL-10-deficient mice. Nat Commun. 3: 1120.
Hou, J. K., El-Serag, H. and Thirumurthi, S. 2009. Distribution and manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease in Asians, Hispanics, and African Americans: a systematic review. Am J Gastroenterol. 104: 2100-2109.
Huang, J. S., Bousvaros, A., Lee, J. W., Diaz, A. and Davidson, E. J. 2002. Efficacy of probiotic use in acute diarrhea in children: a meta-analysis. Dig Dis Sci. 47: 2625-2634.
Hung, S. C., Tseng, W. T. and Pan, T. M. 2016. Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei NTU 101 ameliorates impaired glucose tolerance induced by a high-fat, high-fructose diet in Sprague-Dawley rats. J Funct Foods. 24:472-481.
Iliev, I. D., Mileti, E., Matteoli, G., Chieppa, M. and Rescigno, M. 2009. Intestinal epithelial cells promote colitis-protective regulatory T-cell differentiation through dendritic cell conditioning. Mucosal Immunol. 2: 340-350.
Isolauri, E., Juntunen, M., Rautanen, T., Sillanaukee, P. and Koivula, T. 1991. A human Lactobacillus strain (Lactobacillus casei sp strain GG) promotes recovery from acute diarrhea in children. Pediatrics 88: 90-97.
Jakobsson, H. E., Rodriguez-Pineiro, A. M., Schutte, A., Ermund, A., Boysen, P., Bemark, M., Sommer, F., Backhed, F., Hansson, G. C. and Johansson, M. E. 2015. The composition of the gut microbiota shapes the colon mucus barrier. EMBO Rep. 16: 164-177.
Johansson, M. E., Gustafsson, J. K., Holmen-Larsson, J., Jabbar, K. S., Xia, L., Xu, H., Ghishan, F. K., Carvalho, F. A., Gewirtz, A. T., Sjovall, H. and Hansson, G. C. 2014. Bacteria penetrate the normally impenetrable inner colon mucus layer in both murine colitis models and patients with ulcerative colitis. Gut 63: 281-291.
Johansson, M. E., Phillipson, M., Petersson, J., Velcich, A., Holm, L. and Hansson, G. C. 2008. The inner of the two Muc2 mucin-dependent mucus layers in colon is devoid of bacteria. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 105: 15064-15069.
Johnson-Henry, K. C., Hagen, K. E., Gordonpour, M., Tompkins, T. A. and Sherman, P. M. 2007. Surface-layer protein extracts from Lactobacillus helveticus inhibit enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 adhesion to epithelial cells. Cell Microbiol. 9: 356-367.
Johnston, B. C., Supina, A. L., Ospina, M. and Vohra, S. 2007. Probiotics for the prevention of pediatric antibiotic-associated diarrhea. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004827.pub2CD004827.
Jonkers, D., Penders, J., Masclee, A. and Pierik, M. 2012. Probiotics in the management of inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review of intervention studies in adult patients. Drugs 72: 803-823.
Joossens, S., Reinisch, W., Vermeire, S., Sendid, B., Poulain, D., Peeters, M., Geboes, K., Bossuyt, X., Vandewalle, P., Oberhuber, G., Vogelsang, H., Rutgeerts, P. and Colombel, J. F. 2002. The value of serologic markers in indeterminate colitis: a prospective follow-up study. Gastroenterology 122: 1242-1247.
Jostins, L., Ripke, S., Weersma, R. K., Duerr, R. H., McGovern, D. P., Hui, K. Y., Lee, J. C., Schumm, L. P., Sharma, Y., Anderson, C. A., Essers, J., Mitrovic, M., Ning, K., Cleynen, I., Theatre, E., Spain, S. L., Raychaudhuri, S., Goyette, P., Wei, Z., Abraham, C., Achkar, J. P., Ahmad, T., Amininejad, L., Ananthakrishnan, A. N., Andersen, V., Andrews, J. M., Baidoo, L., Balschun, T., Bampton, P. A., Bitton, A., Boucher, G., Brand, S., Buning, C., Cohain, A., Cichon, S., D''Amato, M., De Jong, D., Devaney, K. L., Dubinsky, M., Edwards, C., Ellinghaus, D., Ferguson, L. R., Franchimont, D., Fransen, K., Gearry, R., Georges, M., Gieger, C., Glas, J., Haritunians, T., Hart, A., Hawkey, C., Hedl, M., Hu, X., Karlsen, T. H., Kupcinskas, L., Kugathasan, S., Latiano, A., Laukens, D., Lawrance, I. C., Lees, C. W., Louis, E., Mahy, G., Mansfield, J., Morgan, A. R., Mowat, C., Newman, W., Palmieri, O., Ponsioen, C. Y., Potocnik, U., Prescott, N. J., Regueiro, M., Rotter, J. I., Russell, R. K., Sanderson, J. D., Sans, M., Satsangi, J., Schreiber, S., Simms, L. A., Sventoraityte, J., Targan, S. R., Taylor, K. D., Tremelling, M., Verspaget, H. W., De Vos, M., Wijmenga, C., Wilson, D. C., Winkelmann, J., Xavier, R. J., Zeissig, S., Zhang, B., Zhang, C. K., Zhao, H., International, I. B. D. G. C., Silverberg, M. S., Annese, V., Hakonarson, H., Brant, S. R., Radford-Smith, G., Mathew, C. G., Rioux, J. D., Schadt, E. E., Daly, M. J., Franke, A., Parkes, M., Vermeire, S., Barrett, J. C. and Cho, J. H. 2012. Host-microbe interactions have shaped the genetic architecture of inflammatory bowel disease. Nature 491: 119-124.
Kabat, A. M., Srinivasan, N. and Maloy, K. J. 2014. Modulation of immune development and function by intestinal microbiota. Trends Immunol. 35: 507-517.
Kadooka, Y., Sato, M., Imaizumi, K., Ogawa, A., Ikuyama, K., Akai, Y., Okano, M., Kagoshima, M. and Tsuchida, T. 2010. Regulation of abdominal adiposity by probiotics (Lactobacillus gasseri SBT2055) in adults with obese tendencies in a randomized controlled trial. Eur J Clin Nutr. 64: 636-643.
Kaila, M., Isolauri, E., Saxelin, M., Arvilommi, H. and Vesikari, T. 1995. Viable versus inactivated lactobacillus strain GG in acute rotavirus diarrhoea. Arch Dis Child. 72: 51-53.
Kaizu, H., Sasaki, M., Nakajima, H. and Suzuki, Y. 1993. Effect of antioxidative lactic acid bacteria on rats fed a diet deficient in vitamin E. J Dairy Sci. 76: 2493-2499.
Kaji, R., Kiyoshima-Shibata, J., Nagaoka, M., Nanno, M. and Shida, K. 2010. Bacterial teichoic acids reverse predominant IL-12 production induced by certain lactobacillus strains into predominant IL-10 production via TLR2-dependent ERK activation in macrophages. J Immunol. 184: 3505-3513.
Kamada, N., Seo, S. U., Chen, G. Y. and Nunez, G. 2013. Role of the gut microbiota in immunity and inflammatory disease. Nat Rev Immunol. 13: 321-335.
Kandler, O. 1983. Carbohydrate metabolism in lactic acid bacteria. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek. 49: 209-224.
Kane, S. V. 2006. Systematic review: adherence issues in the treatment of ulcerative colitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 23: 577-585.
Karczewski, J., Troost, F. J., Konings, I., Dekker, J., Kleerebezem, M., Brummer, R. J. and Wells, J. M. 2010. Regulation of human epithelial tight junction proteins by Lactobacillus plantarum in vivo and protective effects on the epithelial barrier. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 298: G851-859.
Kaser, A., Lee, A. H., Franke, A., Glickman, J. N., Zeissig, S., Tilg, H., Nieuwenhuis, E. E., Higgins, D. E., Schreiber, S., Glimcher, L. H. and Blumberg, R. S. 2008. XBP1 links ER stress to intestinal inflammation and confers genetic risk for human inflammatory bowel disease. Cell 134: 743-756.
Kawase, M., Hashimoto, H., Hosoda, M., Morita, H. and Hosono, A. 2000. Effect of administration of fermented milk containing whey protein concentrate to rats and healthy men on serum lipids and blood pressure. J Dairy Sci. 83: 255-263.
Khan, M. W., Zadeh, M., Bere, P., Gounaris, E., Owen, J., Klaenhammer, T. and Mohamadzadeh, M. 2012. Modulating intestinal immune responses by lipoteichoic acid-deficient Lactobacillus acidophilus. Immunotherapy 4: 151-161.
Khor, B., Gardet, A. and Xavier, R. J. 2011. Genetics and pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. Nature 474: 307-317.
Kiessling, G., Schneider, J. and Jahreis, G. 2002. Long-term consumption of fermented dairy products over 6 months increases HDL cholesterol. Eur J Clin Nutr. 56: 843-849.
Kim, H. G., Lee, S. Y., Kim, N. R., Ko, M. Y., Lee, J. M., Yi, T. H., Chung, S. K. and Chung, D. K. 2008. Inhibitory effects of Lactobacillus plantarum lipoteichoic acid (LTA) on Staphylococcus aureus LTA-induced tumor necrosis factor-alpha production. J Microbiol Biotechnol. 18: 1191-1196.
Kimoto, H., Ohmomo, S. and Okamoto, T. 2002. Cholesterol removal from media by lactococci. J Dairy Sci. 85: 3182-3188.
Klaver, F. A. and van der Meer, R. 1993. The assumed assimilation of cholesterol by Lactobacilli and Bifidobacterium bifidum is due to their bile salt-deconjugating activity. Appl Environ Microbiol. 59: 1120-1124.
Kleer, C. G. and Appelman, H. D. 2001. Surgical pathology of Crohn''s disease. Surg Clin North Am. 81: 13-30.
Kleerebezem, M., Hols, P., Bernard, E., Rolain, T., Zhou, M., Siezen, R. J. and Bron, P. A. 2010. The extracellular biology of the lactobacilli. FEMS Microbiol Rev. 34: 199-230.
Konstantinov, S. R., Smidt, H., de Vos, W. M., Bruijns, S. C., Singh, S. K., Valence, F., Molle, D., Lortal, S., Altermann, E., Klaenhammer, T. R. and van Kooyk, Y. 2008. S layer protein A of Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM regulates immature dendritic cell and T cell functions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 105: 19474-19479.
Kostic, A. D., Gevers, D., Pedamallu, C. S., Michaud, M., Duke, F., Earl, A. M., Ojesina, A. I., Jung, J., Bass, A. J., Tabernero, J., Baselga, J., Liu, C., Shivdasani, R. A., Ogino, S., Birren, B. W., Huttenhower, C., Garrett, W. S. and Meyerson, M. 2012. Genomic analysis identifies association of Fusobacterium with colorectal carcinoma. Genome Res. 22: 292-298.
Kostic, A. D., Xavier, R. J. and Gevers, D. 2014. The microbiome in inflammatory bowel disease: current status and the future ahead. Gastroenterology 146: 1489-1499.
Koukos, G., Polytarchou, C., Kaplan, J. L., Morley-Fletcher, A., Gras-Miralles, B., Kokkotou, E., Baril-Dore, M., Pothoulakis, C., Winter, H. S. and Iliopoulos, D. 2013. MicroRNA-124 regulates STAT3 expression and is down-regulated in colon tissues of pediatric patients with ulcerative colitis. Gastroenterology 145: 842-852 e842.
Koutroubakis, I. E., Malliaraki, N., Dimoulios, P. D., Karmiris, K., Castanas, E. and Kouroumalis, E. A. 2004. Decreased total and corrected antioxidant capacity in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Dig Dis Sci. 49: 1433-1437.
Kruidenier, L., Kuiper, I., Van Duijn, W., Mieremet-Ooms, M. A., van Hogezand, R. A., Lamers, C. B. and Verspaget, H. W. 2003. Imbalanced secondary mucosal antioxidant response in inflammatory bowel disease. J Pathol. 201: 17-27.
Kruis, W., Fric, P., Pokrotnieks, J., Lukas, M., Fixa, B., Kascak, M., Kamm, M. A., Weismueller, J., Beglinger, C., Stolte, M., Wolff, C. and Schulze, J. 2004. Maintaining remission of ulcerative colitis with the probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 is as effective as with standard mesalazine. Gut 53: 1617-1623.
Krzystek-Korpacka, M., Neubauer, K., Berdowska, I., Zielinski, B., Paradowski, L. and Gamian, A. 2010. Impaired erythrocyte antioxidant defense in active inflammatory bowel disease: impact of anemia and treatment. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 16: 1467-1475.
Kumar, V., Abbas, A. K., Aster, J. C. 2015. Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease. 9th ed. Elsevier. 98 p.
Kuhn, R., Lohler, J., Rennick, D., Rajewsky, K. and Muller, W. 1993. Interleukin-10-deficient mice develop chronic enterocolitis. Cell. 75: 263-274.
Kukkonen, K., Savilahti, E., Haahtela, T., Juntunen-Backman, K., Korpela, R., Poussa, T., Tuure, T. and Kuitunen, M. 2007. Probiotics and prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharides in the prevention of allergic diseases: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 119: 192-198.
Kwon, H. K., Lee, C. G., So, J. S., Chae, C. S., Hwang, J. S., Sahoo, A., Nam, J. H., Rhee, J. H., Hwang, K. C. and Im, S. H. 2010. Generation of regulatory dendritic cells and CD4+Foxp3+ T cells by probiotics administration suppresses immune disorders. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 107: 2159-2164.
Laroui, H., Ingersoll, S. A., Liu, H. C., Baker, M. T., Ayyadurai, S., Charania, M. A., Laroui, F., Yan, Y., Sitaraman, S. V. and Merlin, D. 2012. Dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) induces colitis in mice by forming nano-lipocomplexes with medium-chain-length fatty acids in the colon. PLoS One. 7: e32084.
Lebeer, S., Claes, I. J., Verhoeven, T. L., Vanderleyden, J. and De Keersmaecker, S. C. 2011. Exopolysaccharides of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG form a protective shield against innate immune factors in the intestine. Microb Biotechnol. 4: 368-374.
Lebeer, S., Vanderleyden, J. and De Keersmaecker, S. C. 2008. Genes and molecules of lactobacilli supporting probiotic action. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 72: 728-764.
Lebeer, S., Vanderleyden, J. and De Keersmaecker, S. C. 2010. Host interactions of probiotic bacterial surface molecules: comparison with commensals and pathogens. Nat Rev Microbiol. 8: 171-184.
Lee, I. C., Tomita, S., Kleerebezem, M. and Bron, P. A. 2013. The quest for probiotic effector molecules--unraveling strain specificity at the molecular level. Pharmacol Res. 69: 61-74.
Lee, S. K., Kim, B. K., Kim, T. I. and Kim, W. H. 2009. Differential diagnosis of intestinal Behcet''s disease and Crohn''s disease by colonoscopic findings. Endoscopy. 41: 9-16.
Lee, Y. K. and Mazmanian, S. K. 2010. Has the microbiota played a critical role in the evolution of the adaptive immune system? Science 330: 1768-1773.
Leowardi, C., Hinz, U., Tariverdian, M., Kienle, P., Herfarth, C., Ulrich, A. and Kadmon, M. 2010. Long-term outcome 10 years or more after restorative proctocolectomy and ileal pouch-anal anastomosis in patients with ulcerative colitis. Langenbecks Arch Surg. 395: 49-56.
Leroy, F. and De Vuyst, L. 2004. Lactic acid bacteria as functional starter cultures for the food fermentation industry. Trends in Food Science & Technology 15: 67-78.
Levrat, M. A., Remesy, C. and Demigne, C. 1991. High propionic acid fermentations and mineral accumulation in the cecum of rats adapted to different levels of inulin. J Nutr. 121: 1730-1737.
Ley, R. E. 2010. Obesity and the human microbiome. Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 26: 5-11.
Lih-Brody, L., Powell, S. R., Collier, K. P., Reddy, G. M., Cerchia, R., Kahn, E., Weissman, G. S., Katz, S., Floyd, R. A., McKinley, M. J., Fisher, S. E. and Mullin, G. E. 1996. Increased oxidative stress and decreased antioxidant defenses in mucosa of inflammatory bowel disease. Dig Dis Sci. 41: 2078-2086.
Lin, P. W. and Stoll, B. J. 2006. Necrotising enterocolitis. Lancet 368: 1271-1283.
Lin, T. H. and Pan, T. M. 2014. Inhibitory effect of Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei NTU 101 on rat dental caries. J Funct Foods. 10:223-231.
Link-Amster, H., Rochat, F., Saudan, K. Y., Mignot, O. and Aeschlimann, J. M. 1994. Modulation of a specific humoral immune response and changes in intestinal flora mediated through fermented milk intake. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol. 10: 55-63.
Liu, C. F., Hu, C. L., Chiang, S. S., Tseng, K. C., Yu, R. C. and Pan, T. M. 2009. Beneficial preventive effects of gastric mucosal lesion for soy-skim milk fermented by lactic acid bacteria. J Agric Food Chem. 57: 4433-4438.
Liu, C. F., Tung, Y. T., Wu, C. L., Lee, B. H., Hsu, W. H. and Pan, T. M. 2011. Antihypertensive effects of Lactobacillus-fermented milk orally administered to spontaneously hypertensive rats. J Agric Food Chem. 59: 4537-4543.
Loddenkemper, C. 2009. Diagnostic standards in the pathology of inflammatory bowel disease. Dig Dis. 27: 576-583.
Lofberg, R., Danielsson, A., Suhr, O., Nilsson, A., Schioler, R., Nyberg, A., Hultcrantz, R., Kollberg, B., Gillberg, R., Willen, R., Persson, T. and Salde, L. 1996. Oral budesonide versus prednisolone in patients with active extensive and left-sided ulcerative colitis. Gastroenterology. 110: 1713-1718.
Loftus, E. V., Jr. 2004. Clinical epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease: Incidence, prevalence, and environmental influences. Gastroenterology. 126: 1504-1517.
Lutgendorff, F., Trulsson, L. M., van Minnen, L. P., Rijkers, G. T., Timmerman, H. M., Franzen, L. E., Gooszen, H. G., Akkermans, L. M., Soderholm, J. D. and Sandstrom, P. A. 2008. Probiotics enhance pancreatic glutathione biosynthesis and reduce oxidative stress in experimental acute pancreatitis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 295: G1111-1121.
Lye, H. S., Rusul, G. and Liong, M. T. 2010. Removal of cholesterol by lactobacilli via incorporation and conversion to coprostanol. J Dairy Sci. 93: 1383-1392.
MacDermott, R. P., Nash, G. S. and Nahm, M. H. 1989. Antibody secretion by human intestinal mononuclear cells from normal controls and inflammatory bowel disease patients. Immunol Invest. 18: 449-457.
Macho Fernandez, E., Valenti, V., Rockel, C., Hermann, C., Pot, B., Boneca, I. G. and Grangette, C. 2011. Anti-inflammatory capacity of selected lactobacilli in experimental colitis is driven by NOD2-mediated recognition of a specific peptidoglycan-derived muropeptide. Gut 60: 1050-1059.
Mack, D. R., Ahrne, S., Hyde, L., Wei, S. and Hollingsworth, M. A. 2003. Extracellular MUC3 mucin secretion follows adherence of Lactobacillus strains to intestinal epithelial cells in vitro. Gut 52: 827-833.
Macpherson, A. J. and Slack, E. 2007. The functional interactions of commensal bacteria with intestinal secretory IgA. Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 23: 673-678.
Manicassamy, S. and Manoharan, I. 2014. Mouse models of acute and chronic colitis. Methods Mol Biol. 1194: 437-448.
Mann, G. V. and Spoerry, A. 1974. Studies of a surfactant and cholesteremia in the Maasai. Am J Clin Nutr. 27: 464-469.
Mantovani, A., Cassatella, M. A., Costantini, C. and Jaillon, S. 2011. Neutrophils in the activation and regulation of innate and adaptive immunity. Nat Rev Immunol. 11: 519-531.
Martinez, C., Antolin, M., Santos, J., Torrejon, A., Casellas, F., Borruel, N., Guarner, F. and Malagelada, J. R. 2008. Unstable composition of the fecal microbiota in ulcerative colitis during clinical remission. Am J Gastroenterol. 103: 643-648.
Mary, J. Y. and Modigliani, R. 1989. Development and validation of an endoscopic index of the severity for Crohn''s disease: a prospective multicentre study. Groupe d''Etudes Therapeutiques des Affections Inflammatoires du Tube Digestif (GETAID). Gut 30: 983-989.
Matsuda, R., Koide, T., Tokoro, C., Yamamoto, T., Godai, T., Morohashi, T., Fujita, Y., Takahashi, D., Kawana, I., Suzuki, S. and Umemura, S. 2009. Quantitive cytokine mRNA expression profiles in the colonic mucosa of patients with steroid naive ulcerative colitis during active and quiescent disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 15: 328-334.
Matthes, H., Krummenerl, T., Giensch, M., Wolff, C. and Schulze, J. 2010. Clinical trial: probiotic treatment of acute distal ulcerative colitis with rectally administered Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN). BMC Complement Altern Med. 10: 13-21.
Maxwell, J. R., Brown, W. A., Smith, C. L., Byrne, F. R. and Viney, J. L. 2009. Methods of inducing inflammatory bowel disease in mice. Curr Protoc Pharmacol. Chapter 5: Unit5 58.
Mayer, L. and Eisenhardt, D. 1990. Lack of induction of suppressor T cells by intestinal epithelial cells from patients with inflammatory bowel disease. J Clin Invest. 86: 1255-1260.
Mayer, L. and Shlien, R. 1987. Evidence for function of Ia molecules on gut epithelial cells in man. J Exp Med. 166: 1471-1483.
Mazmanian, S. K., Round, J. L. and Kasper, D. L. 2008. A microbial symbiosis factor prevents intestinal inflammatory disease. Nature 453: 620-625.
McFarland, L. V. and Dublin, S. 2008. Meta-analysis of probiotics for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome. World J Gastroenterol. 14: 2650-2661.
Meijerink, M., van Hemert, S., Taverne, N., Wels, M., de Vos, P., Bron, P. A., Savelkoul, H. F., van Bilsen, J., Kleerebezem, M. and Wells, J. M. 2010. Identification of genetic loci in Lactobacillus plantarum that modulate the immune response of dendritic cells using comparative genome hybridization. PLoS One. 5: e10632.
Mileti, E., Matteoli, G., Iliev, I. D. and Rescigno, M. 2009. Comparison of the immunomodulatory properties of three probiotic strains of Lactobacilli using complex culture systems: prediction for in vivo efficacy. PLoS One. 4: e7056.
Mimura, T., Rizzello, F., Helwig, U., Poggioli, G., Schreiber, S., Talbot, I. C., Nicholls, R. J., Gionchetti, P., Campieri, M. and Kamm, M. A. 2004. Once daily high dose probiotic therapy (VSL#3) for maintaining remission in recurrent or refractory pouchitis. Gut 53: 108-114.
Mohamadzadeh, M., Olson, S., Kalina, W. V., Ruthel, G., Demmin, G. L., Warfield, K. L., Bavari, S. and Klaenhammer, T. R. 2005. Lactobacilli activate human dendritic cells that skew T cells toward T helper 1 polarization. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 102: 2880-2885.
Mohan, R., Koebnick, C., Schildt, J., Mueller, M., Radke, M. and Blaut, M. 2008. Effects of Bifidobacterium lactis Bb12 supplementation on body weight, fecal pH, acetate, lactate, calprotectin, and IgA in preterm infants. Pediatr Res. 64: 418-422.
Mohan, R., Koebnick, C., Schildt, J., Schmidt, S., Mueller, M., Possner, M., Radke, M. and Blaut, M. 2006. Effects of Bifidobacterium lactis Bb12 supplementation on intestinal microbiota of preterm infants: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized study. J Clin Microbiol. 44: 4025-4031.
Molodecky, N. A., Soon, I. S., Rabi, D. M., Ghali, W. A., Ferris, M., Chernoff, G., Benchimol, E. I., Panaccione, R., Ghosh, S., Barkema, H. W. and Kaplan, G. G. 2012. Increasing incidence and prevalence of the inflammatory bowel diseases with time, based on systematic review. Gastroenterology 142: 46-54 e42; quiz e30.
Monteleone, G., Biancone, L., Marasco, R., Morrone, G., Marasco, O., Luzza, F. and Pallone, F. 1997. Interleukin 12 is expressed and actively released by Crohn''s disease intestinal lamina propria mononuclear cells. Gastroenterology. 112: 1169-1178.
Morgan, X. C., Tickle, T. L., Sokol, H., Gevers, D., Devaney, K. L., Ward, D. V., Reyes, J. A., Shah, S. A., LeLeiko, N., Snapper, S. B., Bousvaros, A., Korzenik, J., Sands, B. E., Xavier, R. J. and Huttenhower, C. 2012. Dysfunction of the intestinal microbiome in inflammatory bowel disease and treatment. Genome Biol. 13: R79.
Moskovitz, D. N., Van Assche, G., Maenhout, B., Arts, J., Ferrante, M., Vermeire, S. and Rutgeerts, P. 2006. Incidence of colectomy during long-term follow-up after cyclosporine-induced remission of severe ulcerative colitis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 4: 760-765.
Nardi, R. M., Santoro, M. M., Oliveira, J. S., Pimenta, A. M., Ferraz, V. P., Benchetrit, L. C. and Nicoli, J. R. 2005. Purification and molecular characterization of antibacterial compounds produced by Lactobacillus murinus strain L1. J Appl Microbiol. 99: 649-656.
Nathan, C. 2006. Neutrophils and immunity: challenges and opportunities. Nat Rev Immunol. 6: 173-182.
Nell, S., Suerbaum, S. and Josenhans, C. 2010. The impact of the microbiota on the pathogenesis of IBD: lessons from mouse infection models. Nat Rev Microbiol. 8: 564-577.
Neurath, M. F. 2014. Cytokines in inflammatory bowel disease. Nat Rev Immunol. 14: 329-342.
Neurath, M. F., Fuss, I., Kelsall, B. L., Stuber, E. and Strober, W. 1995. Antibodies to interleukin 12 abrogate established experimental colitis in mice. J Exp Med. 182: 1281-1290.
Ng, S. C., Tang, W., Ching, J. Y., Wong, M., Chow, C. M., Hui, A. J., Wong, T. C., Leung, V. K., Tsang, S. W., Yu, H. H., Li, M. F., Ng, K. K., Kamm, M. A., Studd, C., Bell, S., Leong, R., de Silva, H. J., Kasturiratne, A., Mufeena, M. N., Ling, K. L., Ooi, C. J., Tan, P. S., Ong, D., Goh, K. L., Hilmi, I., Pisespongsa, P., Manatsathit, S., Rerknimitr, R., Aniwan, S., Wang, Y. F., Ouyang, Q., Zeng, Z., Zhu, Z., Chen, M. H., Hu, P. J., Wu, K., Wang, X., Simadibrata, M., Abdullah, M., Wu, J. C., Sung, J. J., Chan, F. K. and Asia–Pacific Crohn''s and Colitis Epidemiologic Study (ACCESS) Study Group. 2013. Incidence and phenotype of inflammatory bowel disease based on results from the Asia-Pacific Crohn''s and colitis epidemiology study. Gastroenterology 145: 158-165 e152.
Nielsen, O. H. and Munck, L. K. 2007. Drug insight: aminosalicylates for the treatment of IBD. Nat Clin Pract Gastroenterol Hepatol. 4: 160-170.
Nieves, D. J., Cnop, M., Retzlaff, B., Walden, C. E., Brunzell, J. D., Knopp, R. H. and Kahn, S. E. 2003. The atherogenic lipoprotein profile associated with obesity and insulin resistance is largely attributable to intra-abdominal fat. Diabetes. 52: 172-179.
Nikfar, S., Rahimi, R., Rahimi, F., Derakhshani, S. and Abdollahi, M. 2008. Efficacy of probiotics in irritable bowel syndrome: a meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials. Dis Colon Rectum. 51: 1775-1780.
Nikolaus, S. and Schreiber, S. 2007. Diagnostics of inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology 133: 1670-1689.
Nista, E. C., Candelli, M., Cremonini, F., Cazzato, I. A., Zocco, M. A., Franceschi, F., Cammarota, G., Gasbarrini, G. and Gasbarrini, A. 2004. Bacillus clausii therapy to reduce side-effects of anti-Helicobacter pylori treatment: randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 20: 1181-1188.
Oberhelman, R. A., Gilman, R. H., Sheen, P., Taylor, D. N., Black, R. E., Cabrera, L., Lescano, A. G., Meza, R. and Madico, G. 1999. A placebo-controlled trial of Lactobacillus GG to prevent diarrhea in undernourished Peruvian children. J Pediatr. 134: 15-20.
O''Flaherty, S., Saulnier, D. M., Pot, B. and Versalovic, J. 2010. How can probiotics and prebiotics impact mucosal immunity? Gut Microbes. 1: 293-300.
Ohkusa, T., Okayasu, I., Ogihara, T., Morita, K., Ogawa, M. and Sato, N. 2003. Induction of experimental ulcerative colitis by Fusobacterium varium isolated from colonic mucosa of patients with ulcerative colitis. Gut 52: 79-83.
Ohkusa, T., Sato, N., Ogihara, T., Morita, K., Ogawa, M. and Okayasu, I. 2002. Fusobacterium varium localized in the colonic mucosa of patients with ulcerative colitis stimulates species-specific antibody. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 17: 849-853.
Ohkusa, T., Yoshida, T., Sato, N., Watanabe, S., Tajiri, H. and Okayasu, I. 2009. Commensal bacteria can enter colonic epithelial cells and induce proinflammatory cytokine secretion: a possible pathogenic mechanism of ulcerative colitis. J Med Microbiol. 58: 535-545.
O''Mahony, L., McCarthy, J., Kelly, P., Hurley, G., Luo, F., Chen, K., O''Sullivan, G. C., Kiely, B., Collins, J. K., Shanahan, F. and Quigley, E. M. 2005. Lactobacillus and bifidobacterium in irritable bowel syndrome: symptom responses and relationship to cytokine profiles. Gastroenterology 128: 541-551.
Ordas, I., Eckmann, L., Talamini, M., Baumgart, D. C. and Sandborn, W. J. 2012. Ulcerative colitis. Lancet 380: 1606-1619.
Pacher, P., Beckman, J. S. and Liaudet, L. 2007. Nitric oxide and peroxynitrite in health and disease. Physiol Rev. 87: 315-424.
Pan, T. M., Chiu, C. H. and Gun, Y. K. 2002. Characterization of Lactobacillus Isolates from Pickled Vegetables for Use as Dietary or Pickle Adjuncts. Foods & Food Ingred J Jpn. 206: 45-51.
Pagnini, C., Saeed, R., Bamias, G., Arseneau, K. O., Pizarro, T. T. and Cominelli, F. 2010. Probiotics promote gut health through stimulation of epithelial innate immunity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 107: 454-459.
Panes, J., Bouzas, R., Chaparro, M., Garcia-Sanchez, V., Gisbert, J. P., Martinez de Guerenu, B., Mendoza, J. L., Paredes, J. M., Quiroga, S., Ripolles, T. and Rimola, J. 2011. Systematic review: the use of ultrasonography, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging for the diagnosis, assessment of activity and abdominal complications of Crohn''s disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 34: 125-145.
Pardi, D. S., D''Haens, G., Shen, B., Campbell, S. and Gionchetti, P. 2009. Clinical guidelines for the management of pouchitis. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 15: 1424-1431.
Pawlowski, S. W., Warren, C. A. and Guerrant, R. 2009. Diagnosis and treatment of acute or persistent diarrhea. Gastroenterology 136: 1874-1886.
Pedone, C. A., Arnaud, C. C., Postaire, E. R., Bouley, C. F. and Reinert, P. 2000. Multicentric study of the effect of milk fermented by Lactobacillus casei on the incidence of diarrhoea. Int J Clin Pract. 54: 568-571.
Pekow, J. R., Dougherty, U., Mustafi, R., Zhu, H., Kocherginsky, M., Rubin, D. T., Hanauer, S. B., Hart, J., Chang, E. B., Fichera, A., Joseph, L. J. and Bissonnette, M. 2012. miR-143 and miR-145 are downregulated in ulcerative colitis: putative regulators of inflammation and protooncogenes. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 18: 94-100.
Perea Velez, M., Verhoeven, T. L., Draing, C., Von Aulock, S., Pfitzenmaier, M., Geyer, A., Lambrichts, I., Grangette, C., Pot, B., Vanderleyden, J. and De Keersmaecker, S. C. 2007. Functional analysis of D-alanylation of lipoteichoic acid in the probiotic strain Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG. Appl Environ Microbiol. 73: 3595-3604.
Pereira, C., Gracio, D., Teixeira, J. P. and Magro, F. 2015. Oxidative Stress and DNA Damage: Implications in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 21: 2403-2417.
Perse, M. and Cerar, A. 2012. Dextran sodium sulphate colitis mouse model: traps and tricks. J Biomed Biotechnol. 2012: 718617.
Petrof, E. O., Kojima, K., Ropeleski, M. J., Musch, M. W., Tao, Y., De Simone, C. and Chang, E. B. 2004. Probiotics inhibit nuclear factor-kappaB and induce heat shock proteins in colonic epithelial cells through proteasome inhibition. Gastroenterology 127: 1474-1487.
Poritz, L. S., Garver, K. I., Green, C., Fitzpatrick, L., Ruggiero, F. and Koltun, W. A. 2007. Loss of the tight junction protein ZO-1 in dextran sulfate sodium induced colitis. J Surg Res. 140: 12-19.
Powrie, F., Leach, M. W., Mauze, S., Menon, S., Caddle, L. B. and Coffman, R. L. 1994. Inhibition of Th1 responses prevents inflammatory bowel disease in scid mice reconstituted with CD45RBhi CD4+ T cells. Immunity. 1: 553-562.
Preidis, G. A. and Versalovic, J. 2009. Targeting the human microbiome with antibiotics, probiotics, and prebiotics: gastroenterology enters the metagenomics era. Gastroenterology 136: 2015-2031.
Prenzel, F. and Uhlig, H. H. 2009. Frequency of indeterminate colitis in children and adults with IBD - a metaanalysis. J Crohns Colitis. 3: 277-281.
Qin, J., Li, R., Raes, J., Arumugam, M., Burgdorf, K. S., Manichanh, C., Nielsen, T., Pons, N., Levenez, F., Yamada, T., Mende, D. R., Li, J., Xu, J., Li, S., Li, D., Cao, J., Wang, B., Liang, H., Zheng, H., Xie, Y., Tap, J., Lepage, P., Bertalan, M., Batto, J. M., Hansen, T., Le Paslier, D., Linneberg, A., Nielsen, H. B., Pelletier, E., Renault, P., Sicheritz-Ponten, T., Turner, K., Zhu, H., Yu, C., Li, S., Jian, M., Zhou, Y., Li, Y., Zhang, X., Li, S., Qin, N., Yang, H., Wang, J., Brunak, S., Dore, J., Guarner, F., Kristiansen, K., Pedersen, O., Parkhill, J., Weissenbach, J., Meta, H. I. T. C., Bork, P., Ehrlich, S. D. and Wang, J. 2010. A human gut microbial gene catalogue established by metagenomic sequencing. Nature 464: 59-65.
Ramonaite, R., Skieceviciene, J., Kiudelis, G., Jonaitis, L., Tamelis, A., Cizas, P., Borutaite, V. and Kupcinskas, L. 2013. Influence of NADPH oxidase on inflammatory response in primary intestinal epithelial cells in patients with ulcerative colitis. BMC Gastroenterol. 13: 159.
Rana, S. V., Sharma, S., Kaur, J., Prasad, K. K., Sinha, S. K., Kochhar, R., Malik, A. and Morya, R. K. 2014. Relationship of cytokines, oxidative stress and GI motility with bacterial overgrowth in ulcerative colitis patients. J Crohns Colitis. 8: 859-865.
Raso, G. M., Simeoli, R., Iacono, A., Santoro, A., Amero, P., Paciello, O., Russo, R., D''Agostino, G., Di Costanzo, M., Canani, R. B., Calignano, A. and Meli, R. 2014. Effects of a Lactobacillus paracasei B21060 based synbiotic on steatosis, insulin signaling and toll-like receptor expression in rats fed a high-fat diet. J Nutr Biochem. 25: 81-90.
Rautava, S., Kalliomaki, M. and Isolauri, E. 2002. Probiotics during pregnancy and breast-feeding might confer immunomodulatory protection against atopic disease in the infant. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 109: 119-121.
Rolfe, R. D. 2000. The role of probiotic cultures in the control of gastrointestinal health. J Nutr. 130: 396S-402S.
Romano, C., Famiani, A., Gallizzi, R., Comito, D., Ferrau, V. and Rossi, P. 2008. Indeterminate colitis: a distinctive clinical pattern of inflammatory bowel disease in children. Pediatrics 122: e1278-1281.
Roselli, M., Finamore, A., Nuccitelli, S., Carnevali, P., Brigidi, P., Vitali, B., Nobili, F., Rami, R., Garaguso, I. and Mengheri, E. 2009. Prevention of TNBS-induced colitis by different Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium strains is associated with an expansion of gammadeltaT and regulatory T cells of intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 15: 1526-1536.
Ross, H., Steele, S. R., Varma, M., Dykes, S., Cima, R., Buie, W. D., Rafferty, J. and Standards Practice Task Force of the American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons. 2014. Practice parameters for the surgical treatment of ulcerative colitis. Dis Colon Rectum. 57: 5-22.
Round, J. L. and Mazmanian, S. K. 2009. The gut microbiota shapes intestinal immune responses during health and disease. Nat Rev Immunol. 9: 313-323.
Rousseaux, C., Thuru, X., Gelot, A., Barnich, N., Neut, C., Dubuquoy, L., Dubuquoy, C., Merour, E., Geboes, K., Chamaillard, M., Ouwehand, A., Leyer, G., Carcano, D., Colombel, J. F., Ardid, D. and Desreumaux, P. 2007. Lactobacillus acidophilus modulates intestinal pain and induces opioid and cannabinoid receptors. Nat Med. 13: 35-37.
Rutgeerts, P., Sandborn, W. J., Feagan, B. G., Reinisch, W., Olson, A., Johanns, J., Travers, S., Rachmilewitz, D., Hanauer, S. B., Lichtenstein, G. R., de Villiers, W. J., Present, D., Sands, B. E. and Colombel, J. F. 2005. Infliximab for induction and maintenance therapy for ulcerative colitis. N Engl J Med. 353: 2462-2476.
Saavedra, J. M., Bauman, N. A., Oung, I., Perman, J. A. and Yolken, R. H. 1994. Feeding of Bifidobacterium bifidum and Streptococcus thermophilus to infants in hospital for prevention of diarrhoea and shedding of rotavirus. Lancet 344: 1046-1049.
Sandborn, W. J., Feagan, B. G., Fedorak, R. N., Scherl, E., Fleisher, M. R., Katz, S., Johanns, J., Blank, M., Rutgeerts, P. and Ustekinumab Crohn''s Disease Study Group. 2008. A randomized trial of Ustekinumab, a human interleukin-12/23 monoclonal antibody, in patients with moderate-to-severe Crohn''s disease. Gastroenterology 135: 1130-1141.
Saraiva, M. and O''Garra, A. 2010. The regulation of IL-10 production by immune cells. Nat Rev Immunol. 10: 170-181.
Sarker, S. A., Sultana, S., Fuchs, G. J., Alam, N. H., Azim, T., Brussow, H. and Hammarstrom, L. 2005. Lactobacillus paracasei strain ST11 has no effect on rotavirus but ameliorates the outcome of nonrotavirus diarrhea in children from Bangladesh. Pediatrics 116: e221-228.
Sartor, R. B. 2006. Mechanisms of disease: pathogenesis of Crohn''s disease and ulcerative colitis. Nat Clin Pract Gastroenterol Hepatol. 3: 390-407.
Schlee, M., Harder, J., Koten, B., Stange, E. F., Wehkamp, J. and Fellermann, K. 2008. Probiotic lactobacilli and VSL#3 induce enterocyte beta-defensin 2. Clin Exp Immunol. 151: 528-535.
Schlee, M., Wehkamp, J., Altenhoefer, A., Oelschlaeger, T. A., Stange, E. F. and Fellermann, K. 2007. Induction of human beta-defensin 2 by the probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 is mediated through flagellin. Infect Immun. 75: 2399-2407.
Schreiber, S., Heinig, T., Thiele, H. G. and Raedler, A. 1995. Immunoregulatory role of interleukin 10 in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology 108: 1434-1444.
Sedghi, S., Fields, J. Z., Klamut, M., Urban, G., Durkin, M., Winship, D., Fretland, D., Olyaee, M. and Keshavarzian, A. 1993. Increased production of luminol enhanced chemiluminescence by the inflamed colonic mucosa in patients with ulcerative colitis. Gut 34: 1191-1197.
Seth, A., Yan, F., Polk, D. B. and Rao, R. K. 2008. Probiotics ameliorate the hydrogen peroxide-induced epithelial barrier disruption by a PKC- and MAP kinase-dependent mechanism. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 294: G1060-1069.
Shackelford, C., Long, G., Wolf, J., Okerberg, C. and Herbert, R. 2002. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of nonneoplastic lesions in toxicology studies. Toxicol Pathol. 30: 93-96.
Shanahan, F. 2012. Ulcerative colitis. In: Hawkey, C. J., Bosch, J., Richter, J. E. and García-Tsao, G. Textbook of Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology. 2nd ed. West Sussex: Blackwell Publishing Ltd. p 355-71.
Shaukat, A., Levitt, M. D., Taylor, B. C., MacDonald, R., Shamliyan, T. A., Kane, R. L. and Wilt, T. J. 2010. Systematic review: effective management strategies for lactose intolerance. Ann Intern Med. 152: 797-803.
Shornikova, A. V., Isolauri, E., Burkanova, L., Lukovnikova, S. and Vesikari, T. 1997. A trial in the Karelian Republic of oral rehydration and Lactobacillus GG for treatment of acute diarrhoea. Acta Paediatr. 86: 460-465.
Sido, B., Hack, V., Hochlehnert, A., Lipps, H., Herfarth, C. and Droge, W. 1998. Impairment of intestinal glutathione synthesis in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Gut 42: 485-492.
Silverberg, M. S., Cho, J. H., Rioux, J. D., McGovern, D. P., Wu, J., Annese, V., Achkar, J. P., Goyette, P., Scott, R., Xu, W., Barmada, M. M., Klei, L., Daly, M. J., Abraham, C., Bayless, T. M., Bossa, F., Griffiths, A. M., Ippoliti, A. F., Lahaie, R. G., Latiano, A., Pare, P., Proctor, D. D., Regueiro, M. D., Steinhart, A. H., Targan, S. R., Schumm, L. P., Kistner, E. O., Lee, A. T., Gregersen, P. K., Rotter, J. I., Brant, S. R., Taylor, K. D., Roeder, K. and Duerr, R. H. 2009. Ulcerative colitis-risk loci on chromosomes 1p36 and 12q15 found by genome-wide association study. Nat Genet. 41: 216-220.
Silverberg, M. S., Satsangi, J., Ahmad, T., Arnott, I. D., Bernstein, C. N., Brant, S. R., Caprilli, R., Colombel, J. F., Gasche, C., Geboes, K., Jewell, D. P., Karban, A., Loftus, E. V., Jr., Pena, A. S., Riddell, R. H., Sachar, D. B., Schreiber, S., Steinhart, A. H., Targan, S. R., Vermeire, S. and Warren, B. F. 2005. Toward an integrated clinical, molecular and serological classification of inflammatory bowel disease: report of a Working Party of the 2005 Montreal World Congress of Gastroenterology. Can J Gastroenterol. 19 Suppl A: 5A-36A.
Simeoli, R., Mattace Raso, G., Lama, A., Pirozzi, C., Santoro, A., Di Guida, F., Sanges, M., Aksoy, E., Calignano, A., D''Arienzo, A. and Meli, R. 2015. Preventive and therapeutic effects of Lactobacillus paracasei B21060-based synbiotic treatment on gut inflammation and barrier integrity in colitic mice. J Nutr. 145: 1202-1210.
Smits, H. H., Engering, A., van der Kleij, D., de Jong, E. C., Schipper, K., van Capel, T. M., Zaat, B. A., Yazdanbakhsh, M., Wierenga, E. A., van Kooyk, Y. and Kapsenberg, M. L. 2005. Selective probiotic bacteria induce IL-10-producing regulatory T cells in vitro by modulating dendritic cell function through dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule 3-grabbing nonintegrin. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 115: 1260-1267.
Sokol, H., Lepage, P., Seksik, P., Dore, J. and Marteau, P. 2006. Temperature gradient gel electrophoresis of fecal 16S rRNA reveals active Escherichia coli in the microbiota of patients with ulcerative colitis. J Clin Microbiol. 44: 3172-3177.
Sokol, H., Pigneur, B., Watterlot, L., Lakhdari, O., Bermudez-Humaran, L. G., Gratadoux, J. J., Blugeon, S., Bridonneau, C., Furet, J. P., Corthier, G., Grangette, C., Vasquez, N., Pochart, P., Trugnan, G., Thomas, G., Blottiere, H. M., Dore, J., Marteau, P., Seksik, P. and Langella, P. 2008. Faecalibacterium prausnitzii is an anti-inflammatory commensal bacterium identified by gut microbiota analysis of Crohn disease patients. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 105: 16731-16736.
Sokol, H., Seksik, P., Furet, J. P., Firmesse, O., Nion-Larmurier, I., Beaugerie, L., Cosnes, J., Corthier, G., Marteau, P. and Dore, J. 2009. Low counts of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii in colitis microbiota. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 15: 1183-1189.
Spencer, R. J. and Chesson, A. 1994. The effect of Lactobacillus spp. on the attachment of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli to isolated porcine enterocytes. J Appl Bacteriol. 77: 215-220.
Spindler-Vesel, A., Bengmark, S., Vovk, I., Cerovic, O. and Kompan, L. 2007. Synbiotics, prebiotics, glutamine, or peptide in early enteral nutrition: a randomized study in trauma patients. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 31: 119-126.
Stange, E. F., Travis, S. P., Vermeire, S., Reinisch, W., Geboes, K., Barakauskiene, A., Feakins, R., Flejou, J. F., Herfarth, H., Hommes, D. W., Kupcinskas, L., Lakatos, P. L., Mantzaris, G. J., Schreiber, S., Villanacci, V., Warren, B. F., European, C. s. and Colitis, O. 2008. European evidence-based Consensus on the diagnosis and management of ulcerative colitis: Definitions and diagnosis. J Crohns Colitis. 2: 1-23.
Stein, R. B. and Hanauer, S. B. 2000. Comparative tolerability of treatments for inflammatory bowel disease. Drug Saf. 23: 429-448.
Strauss, J., Kaplan, G. G., Beck, P. L., Rioux, K., Panaccione, R., Devinney, R., Lynch, T. and Allen-Vercoe, E. 2011. Invasive potential of gut mucosa-derived Fusobacterium nucleatum positively correlates with IBD status of the host. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 17: 1971-1978.
Strober, W., Fuss, I. J. and Blumberg, R. S. 2002. The immunology of mucosal models of inflammation. Annu Rev Immunol. 20: 495-549.
Swidsinski, A., Ladhoff, A., Pernthaler, A., Swidsinski, S., Loening-Baucke, V., Ortner, M., Weber, J., Hoffmann, U., Schreiber, S., Dietel, M. and Lochs, H. 2002. Mucosal flora in inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology 122: 44-54.
Szajewska, H., Horvath, A. and Piwowarczyk, A. 2010. Meta-analysis: the effects of Saccharomyces boulardii supplementation on Helicobacter pylori eradication rates and side effects during treatment. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 32: 1069-1079.
Szajewska, H., Kotowska, M., Mrukowicz, J. Z., Armanska, M. and Mikolajczyk, W. 2001. Efficacy of Lactobacillus GG in prevention of nosocomial diarrhea in infants. J Pediatr. 138: 361-365.
Takahashi, F. and Das, K. M. 1985. Isolation and characterization of a colonic autoantigen specifically recognized by colon tissue-bound immunoglobulin G from idiopathic ulcerative colitis. J Clin Invest. 76: 311-318.
Tancrede, C. 1992. Role of human microflora in health and disease. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 11: 1012-1015.
Tannock, G. W. 2004. A special fondness for lactobacilli. Appl Environ Microbiol. 70: 3189-3194.
Tojo, R., Suarez, A., Clemente, M. G., de los Reyes-Gavilan, C. G., Margolles, A., Gueimonde, M. and Ruas-Madiedo, P. 2014. Intestinal microbiota in health and disease: role of bifidobacteria in gut homeostasis. World J Gastroenterol. 20: 15163-15176.
Travis, S. P., Farrant, J. M., Ricketts, C., Nolan, D. J., Mortensen, N. M., Kettlewell, M. G. and Jewell, D. P. 1996. Predicting outcome in severe ulcerative colitis. Gut 38: 905-910.
Tsai, Y. T., Cheng, P. C., Fan, C. K. and Pan, T. M. 2008. Time-dependent persistence of enhanced immune response by a potential probiotic strain Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei NTU 101. Int J Food Microbiol. 128: 219-225.
Tsai, Y. T., Cheng, P. C., Liao, J. W. and Pan, T. M. 2010a. Effect of the administration of Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei NTU 101 on Peyer''s patch-mediated mucosal immunity. Int Immunopharmacol. 10: 791-798.
Tsai, Y. T., Cheng, P. C. and Pan, T. M. 2010b. Immunomodulating activity of Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei NTU 101 in enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7-infected mice. J Agric Food Chem. 58: 11265-11272.
Turnbaugh, P. J., Ley, R. E., Mahowald, M. A., Magrini, V., Mardis, E. R. and Gordon, J. I. 2006. An obesity-associated gut microbiome with increased capacity for energy harvest. Nature 444: 1027-1031.
Turner, D., Walsh, C. M., Steinhart, A. H. and Griffiths, A. M. 2007. Response to corticosteroids in severe ulcerative colitis: a systematic review of the literature and a meta-regression. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 5: 103-110.
Turner, J. R. 2009. Intestinal mucosal barrier function in health and disease. Nat Rev Immunol. 9: 799-809.
Tursi, A., Brandimarte, G., Papa, A., Giglio, A., Elisei, W., Giorgetti, G. M., Forti, G., Morini, S., Hassan, C., Pistoia, M. A., Modeo, M. E., Rodino, S., D''Amico, T., Sebkova, L., Sacca, N., Di Giulio, E., Luzza, F., Imeneo, M., Larussa, T., Di Rosa, S., Annese, V., Danese, S. and Gasbarrini, A. 2010. Treatment of relapsing mild-to-moderate ulcerative colitis with the probiotic VSL#3 as adjunctive to a standard pharmaceutical treatment: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Am J Gastroenterol. 105: 2218-2227.
Vajro, P., Mandato, C., Licenziati, M. R., Franzese, A., Vitale, D. F., Lenta, S., Caropreso, M., Vallone, G. and Meli, R. 2011. Effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus strain GG in pediatric obesity-related liver disease. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 52: 740-743.
van Baarlen, P., Wells, J. M. and Kleerebezem, M. 2013. Regulation of intestinal homeostasis and immunity with probiotic lactobacilli. Trends Immunol. 34: 208-215.
Van der Sluis, M., De Koning, B. A., De Bruijn, A. C., Velcich, A., Meijerink, J. P., Van Goudoever, J. B., Buller, H. A., Dekker, J., Van Seuningen, I., Renes, I. B. and Einerhand, A. W. 2006. Muc2-deficient mice spontaneously develop colitis, indicating that MUC2 is critical for colonic protection. Gastroenterology 131: 117-129.
van Hemert, S., Meijerink, M., Molenaar, D., Bron, P. A., de Vos, P., Kleerebezem, M., Wells, J. M. and Marco, M. L. 2010. Identification of Lactobacillus plantarum genes modulating the cytokine response of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. BMC Microbiol. 10: 293.
Van Klinken, B. J., Van der Wal, J. W., Einerhand, A. W., Buller, H. A. and Dekker, J. 1999. Sulphation and secretion of the predominant secretory human colonic mucin MUC2 in ulcerative colitis. Gut 44: 387-393.
Van Niel, C. W., Feudtner, C., Garrison, M. M. and Christakis, D. A. 2002. Lactobacillus therapy for acute infectious diarrhea in children: a meta-analysis. Pediatrics 109: 678-684.
van Nood, E., Vrieze, A., Nieuwdorp, M., Fuentes, S., Zoetendal, E. G., de Vos, W. M., Visser, C. E., Kuijper, E. J., Bartelsman, J. F., Tijssen, J. G., Speelman, P., Dijkgraaf, M. G. and Keller, J. J. 2013. Duodenal infusion of donor feces for recurrent Clostridium difficile. N Engl J Med. 368: 407-415.
Vanderhoof, J. A., Whitney, D. B., Antonson, D. L., Hanner, T. L., Lupo, J. V. and Young, R. J. 1999. Lactobacillus GG in the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea in children. J Pediatr. 135: 564-568.
Varela, E., Manichanh, C., Gallart, M., Torrejon, A., Borruel, N., Casellas, F., Guarner, F. and Antolin, M. 2013. Colonisation by Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and maintenance of clinical remission in patients with ulcerative colitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 38: 151-161.
Venturi, A., Gionchetti, P., Rizzello, F., Johansson, R., Zucconi, E., Brigidi, P., Matteuzzi, D. and Campieri, M. 1999. Impact on the composition of the faecal flora by a new probiotic preparation: preliminary data on maintenance treatment of patients with ulcerative colitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 13: 1103-1108.
Verdu, E. F., Bercik, P., Verma-Gandhu, M., Huang, X. X., Blennerhassett, P., Jackson, W., Mao, Y., Wang, L., Rochat, F. and Collins, S. M. 2006. Specific probiotic therapy attenuates antibiotic induced visceral hypersensitivity in mice. Gut 55: 182-190.
Vesa, T. H., Marteau, P. and Korpela, R. 2000. Lactose intolerance. J Am Coll Nutr. 19: 165S-175S.
Vieira, A. T., Teixeira, M. M. and Martins, F. S. 2013. The role of probiotics and prebiotics in inducing gut immunity. Front Immunol. 4: 445.
Vissers, Y. M., Snel, J., Zuurendonk, P. F., Kleerebezem, M., Wichers, H. J. and Savelkoul, H. F. 2011. Lactobacillus strains differentially modulate cytokine production by hPBMC from pollen-allergic patients. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol. 61: 28-40.
Waldner, M. J. and Neurath, M. F. 2009. Chemically induced mouse models of colitis. Curr Protoc Pharmacol. Chapter 5: Unit 5 55.
Wall, G. C., Schirmer, L. L., Anliker, L. E. and Tigges, A. E. 2011. Pharmacotherapy for acute pouchitis. Ann Pharmacother. 45: 1127-1137.
Wang, Y., MacDonald, J. K., Vandermeer, B., Griffiths, A. M. and El-Matary, W. 2015. Methotrexate for maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD007560.pub3CD007560.
Wang, Z., Xiao, G., Yao, Y., Guo, S., Lu, K. and Sheng, Z. 2006. The role of bifidobacteria in gut barrier function after thermal injury in rats. J Trauma. 61: 650-657.
Wehkamp, J., Harder, J., Wehkamp, K., Wehkamp-von Meissner, B., Schlee, M., Enders, C., Sonnenborn, U., Nuding, S., Bengmark, S., Fellermann, K., Schroder, J. M. and Stange, E. F. 2004. NF-kappaB- and AP-1-mediated induction of human beta defensin-2 in intestinal epithelial cells by Escherichia coli Nissle 1917: a novel effect of a probiotic bacterium. Infect Immun. 72: 5750-5758.
Wei, S. C., Lin, M. H., Tung, C. C., Weng, M. T., Kuo, J. S., Shieh, M. J., Wang, C. Y., Ho, W. C., Wong, J. M. and Chen, P. C. 2013. A nationwide population-based study of the inflammatory bowel diseases between 1998 and 2008 in Taiwan. BMC Gastroenterol. 13: 166.
Wei, S. C., Shieh, M. J., Chang, M. C., Chang, Y. T., Wang, C. Y. and Wong, J. M. 2012. Long-term follow-up of ulcerative colitis in Taiwan. J Chin Med Assoc. 75: 151-155.
Wells, J. M., Rossi, O., Meijerink, M. and van Baarlen, P. 2011. Epithelial crosstalk at the microbiota-mucosal interface. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 108 Suppl 1: 4607-4614.
Wenus, C., Goll, R., Loken, E. B., Biong, A. S., Halvorsen, D. S. and Florholmen, J. 2008. Prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea by a fermented probiotic milk drink. Eur J Clin Nutr. 62: 299-301.
West, G. A., Matsuura, T., Levine, A. D., Klein, J. S. and Fiocchi, C. 1996. Interleukin 4 in inflammatory bowel disease and mucosal immune reactivity. Gastroenterology 110: 1683-1695.
Wilhelm, S. M., Johnson, J. L. and Kale-Pradhan, P. B. 2011. Treating bugs with bugs: the role of probiotics as adjunctive therapy for Helicobacter pylori. Ann Pharmacother. 45: 960-966.
Williams, E. A., Stimpson, J., Wang, D., Plummer, S., Garaiova, I., Barker, M. E. and Corfe, B. M. 2009. Clinical trial: a multistrain probiotic preparation significantly reduces symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome in a double-blind placebo-controlled study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 29: 97-103.
Wirtz, S., Neufert, C., Weigmann, B. and Neurath, M. F. 2007. Chemically induced mouse models of intestinal inflammation. Nat Protoc. 2: 541-546.
Wirtz, S. and Neurath, M. F. 2007. Mouse models of inflammatory bowel disease. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 59: 1073-1083.
Wu, F., Zikusoka, M., Trindade, A., Dassopoulos, T., Harris, M. L., Bayless, T. M., Brant, S. R., Chakravarti, S. and Kwon, J. H. 2008. MicroRNAs are differentially expressed in ulcerative colitis and alter expression of macrophage inflammatory peptide-2 alpha. Gastroenterology 135: 1624-1635 e1624.
Wu, H. and Shen, B. 2010. Pouchitis and pouch dysfunction. Med Clin North Am. 94: 75-92.
Yamamoto, M., Yoshizaki, K., Kishimoto, T. and Ito, H. 2000. IL-6 is required for the development of Th1 cell-mediated murine colitis. J Immunol. 164: 4878-4882.
Yan, F., Cao, H., Cover, T. L., Washington, M. K., Shi, Y., Liu, L., Chaturvedi, R., Peek, R. M., Jr., Wilson, K. T. and Polk, D. B. 2011. Colon-specific delivery of a probiotic-derived soluble protein ameliorates intestinal inflammation in mice through an EGFR-dependent mechanism. J Clin Invest. 121: 2242-2253.
Yan, F., Cao, H., Cover, T. L., Whitehead, R., Washington, M. K. and Polk, D. B. 2007. Soluble proteins produced by probiotic bacteria regulate intestinal epithelial cell survival and growth. Gastroenterology 132: 562-575.
Yan, F. and Polk, D. B. 2002. Probiotic bacterium prevents cytokine-induced apoptosis in intestinal epithelial cells. J Biol Chem. 277: 50959-50965.
Yang, S. K., Yun, S., Kim, J. H., Park, J. Y., Kim, H. Y., Kim, Y. H., Chang, D. K., Kim, J. S., Song, I. S., Park, J. B., Park, E. R., Kim, K. J., Moon, G. and Yang, S. H. 2008. Epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease in the Songpa-Kangdong district, Seoul, Korea, 1986-2005: a KASID study. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 14: 542-549.
Yasuda, E., Serata, M. and Sako, T. 2008. Suppressive effect on activation of macrophages by Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota genes determining the synthesis of cell wall-associated polysaccharides. Appl Environ Microbiol. 74: 4746-4755.
Zheng, J. J., Zhu, X. S., Huangfu, Z., Gao, Z. X., Guo, Z. R. and Wang, Z. 2005. Crohn''s disease in mainland China: a systematic analysis of 50 years of research. Chin J Dig Dis. 6: 175-181.
Zimmerman, B. J., Grisham, M. B. and Granger, D. N. 1990. Role of oxidants in ischemia/reperfusion-induced granulocyte infiltration. Am J Physiol. 258: G185-190.
Zundler, S. and Neurath, M. F. 2015. Immunopathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases: functional role of T cells and T cell homing. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 33: S19-28.