臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

摘要
本論文為以一實場生物滴濾塔(外尺寸為5 m × 9 m × 3.5 mH鋼筋混凝土構成)處理一ABS（acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene）製程排氣之試驗報告。該製程排氣流量平均為43,000 m3/h　(720 m3/min)，溫度為40-53℃，內含揮發性有機物(VOCs) (Volatile Organic Compounds, VOCs) 以苯乙烯(SM)及丙烯□(AN)為主成分，質流量最低、最高、平均分別為33、211、127 kg/h。該滴濾塔具每一填充單位內填長4.2M、寬4.6M之濾材，計有六填充單位。操作性能試驗為藉調整洗滌方式、濾材型態、濾材數量（分三階段討論），以不同檢測方式(攜帶式FID現場測試及以採樣袋取樣實驗室GC測試)進行進出口排氣之檢測、分析，並對各項參數(排氣流量、溫度、VOCs濃度、VOCs質流量、濾材有機負荷、VOCs去除能力、氣體空塔停留時間、循環水流量、循環水VOCs濃度、循環水VOC質流量)進行長期的趨勢分析、統計，確認實際處理效益及結果，並討論生物滴濾塔對石化業之VOCs廢氣之處理可行性。
研究結果顯示，以第三階段利用雙星球形之新型PVC材質濾球(2”)為濾材之生物滴濾塔(濾材裝填4.6 m × 4.2 m × 0.6 mH × 6床)，處理該製程之排氣之效果為最佳。在未經特殊植種、未添加任何營養鹽，並以廢水場放流水為循環水(流量為100-160 m3/h，pH 7-8.5，補充循環水量15-30 m3/h，水溫35-50℃) 的條件下，VOC (FID)負荷為105-689 g/m3.h，VOC (FID)去除率約可達5.2-55﹪，VOC (FID)去除能力約可達5.4-218 g/m3.h；VOC (GC)負荷為469-3015 g/m3.h時，VOC (GC)去除率約可達8.6-41﹪，VOC (GC)去除能力約可達41-949 g/m3.h；AN (GC)負荷為121-1104 g/m3∙h，AN (GC)去除率約可達17.2-56.2﹪，AN (GC) 去除能力為13.4 -342 g/m3∙h；SM (GC)負荷為318 -1756 g/m3∙h，SM (GC)去除率約可達4.5-46﹪，SM (GC)去除能力為27.4 -562 g/m3∙h。SM變化及數值均較AN大。系統對二者之平均去除率(K/L)均為24.5%，與負荷L無顯著相關。另由VOC去除率分佈，顯示生物膜對VOC之去除維持於13%之穩定值；而由系統流出之循環水對VOC之去除率為5~30%，與總去除率(生物相加循環水)略成正比。微生物鑑定發現高負荷狀態多為線蟲，低負荷狀態多為裸口目卑怯管葉蟲，與其生長條件吻合。系統每日總成本為NT$ 23,920，每去除1 kg進流VOC之費用為NT$ 34.1。
故由VOC (GC)負荷可反映真正之濾料有機負荷，其值(最低469、最高3015、平均1,808 g/m3.h ) 均遠較一般設計值30-60 g/m3.h為大；濾料對VOCs之去除能力 (最低41、最高949，平均為431 g/m3.h )均遠較一般值30-60 g/m3.h 為大。顯示此滴濾塔具適當之處理能力，惟氣體溫度及VOCs之有機負荷均過高，且循環水補充量過低，致水溫居高不下，不利生物生長，去除率因此受限。建議考量朝系統改進及系統增建方向進行，降低VOCs之有機負荷；並增加循環水補充量，除利於生物生長外，亦可吸收更多量之VOCs，提高去除能力。

Abstract
This research focuses on the performance of a full-scale biotrickling filter (BTF) for treating a vented gas from an ABS (acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene) resin plant. The BTF was constructed by reinforced concrete with a size of 5 m in width, 9 m in length, and 3.5 m in height. It consists of six individual chambers with packing materials of 4.6m in length and 4.2m in width for each. The vented gas contains styrene (SM) and acrylonitrile (AN) as two major components and has an average flow rate of 43,000 m3/h (720 m3/min) and a temperature range of 40-53℃.
Three test protocols have been studied to understand the effects of changing scrubbing method, types of packing materials, and amounts of packing materials on the pollutant removal efficacy. Two different instruments (portable FID and laboratory GC) were used to measure the VOC concentrations for both the inlet and outlet of the BTF. Many parameters were monitored for trend analysis, including gas flow rate, empty-bed gas retention time, system temperature, inlet and outlet VOC concentrations, VOC mass flow rate, organic loading, VOC removal efficiency, recirculation water volume, VOC concentration in the recirculation water, and mass flow rate of the recirculation water. These data were analyzed for discussing the technical feasibility of using BTF as an air pollution control unit for petrochemical industry.
Experimental results showed that the third protocol using PVC packing materials (installed with 4.6m in length, 4.2 in width, and 0.6m in height for each of the 6 chambers) was the best setup for the target VOC removal. Without adding any special seed and supplementary nutrient, effluent of the wastewater treatment unit of the plant was introduced into the BTF as the recirculation water (pH 7-8.5, volumetric flow rate 15-30 m3/h, and temperature was 35-50℃). A range of VOC removal efficiencies of 8.6-41% (equivalent to volumetric elimination rates of K = 41-949 g/m3.h) was obtained with loadings of L = 469-3015 g/m3.h based on the GC data. The elimination rates were 41-949 and 27.4-562 g/m3.h, respectively, for AN and SM corresponding to loadings of 121-1104 and 818-1756 g/m3.h for the two components. An average removal efficiency (K/L) of 24.5% was obtained for AN and SM regardless of the magnitude of the loading. Distribution of VOC removal was 13% by biofilms and the rest by the recirculation water. Microbiological tests revealed that Nematods was the most dominating species at high loadings and Trachelophyllum sp. was the most dominating species at lower loadings. It was also estimated that a total operating cost of NT$ 23,920/day is required and that is equivalent to a cost of NT$ 34.1 for eliminating 1 kg of VOCs from the waste gas.
The data showed that the VOC loading (469-3015 g/m3.h, average 1808 g/m3.h) to the BTF was much higher than the normal design value of 30-60g/m3.h. It is suggested that a pre-treatment unit should be added into the system to lower the organic loading before the waste stream enters the BTF. In addition, the makeup recirculation water should be increased to foster the bacteria growth and to improve the absorption of VOCs from the waste gas.

謝誌 Ⅰ
摘要 Ⅱ
Abstract Ⅳ
目錄 Ⅵ
表目錄 Ⅷ
圖目錄 Ⅸ
第一章 前言 1
1.1 研究背景與動機 1
1.2 研究方法及目的 2

第二章 文獻回顧4
2.1 生物滴濾塔4
2.1.1 原理4
2.1.2 適用性5
2.1.3 設計及參數5
2.1.4 效能14
2.1.5 處理成本14
2.2 處理苯乙烯、丙烯□排氣之相關研究16

第三章 實驗設備、材料及方法20
3.1 實驗設備20
3.2 實驗材料22
3.2.1 進氣來源22
3.2.2 各階段實驗材料23
3.3 實驗方法23

第四章結果與討論 26
4.1 第一階段─原設計狀況討稐 26
4.1.1 原設計資料及試車結果 26
4.1.2 原設計檢討 28
4.2 第二階段30
4.3 第三階段39

第五章 結論與建議57

符號說明61
參考文獻62
附錄一 生物滴濾塔操作數據(GC測試-SM、AN分開計算)65
附錄二 生物滴濾塔採樣檢測紀錄表82

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