臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究之第一部分使用固著液滴影像數位化系統，量測固著液滴於固體平板上蒸發時，固著液滴之動態潤濕行為，進而探討平板之粗糙度及親輸水性對前進和後退接觸角之影響。本研究以砂紙研磨聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(Poly(methyl methacrylate), PMMA)平板，獲得不同表面粗糙度之PMMA平板，並探討純水固著液滴在固定溫度及濕度下，其動態、前進及後退接觸角於不同粗糙度之PMMA平板上的變化情形。實驗結果顯示，液滴之潤濕行為可分為初始、恆定潤濕直徑(CCR)、恆定接觸角(CCA)及混合四個階段。由恆定接觸角(CCA)階段可得到液滴於PMMA平板上之後退接觸角；然而液滴於較粗糙之PMMA平板上進行蒸發時，並未發現CCA階段。
以相同實驗方法，觀測固著液滴於不同塗佈層之金表面上的蒸發情形，並探討塗佈層之親疏水性質對前進及後對接觸角的影響。實驗結果顯示，此四種基材之前進及後退接觸角，由大至小的順序為SAM-CH3 > pCBMA > SAM-COOH > pSBMA。
繼而以注射幫浦透過注射針頭抽取平板上之純水固著液滴，並藉由調整不同的抽取速率，探討純水固著液滴於聚碳酸酯(Polycarbonate, PC)及PMMA平板上，後退接觸角隨液滴體積減少速率之變化。實驗結果顯示，純水液滴於PC及PMMA上之後退接觸角將隨著液滴體積減少速率的增加而減少。
本研究之第二部分使用懸掛氣泡影像數位化測量儀，量測離子型界劑於水溶液中吸附至氣-液界面所造成的表面張力變化，再以質傳理論模式來探討其吸附動力學。本研究探討之離子行界劑分別為正癸酸與正十二烷基胺(DDA)。
正癸酸於10 mM HCl水溶液中幾乎是以非離子型界劑的型態存在於水溶液中。本研究測得動態及平衡表面張力後，以非離子型generalized Frumkin模式模擬、探討其吸附行為。
DDA於0.1 mM NaCl水溶液中，其動態表面張力曲線於71.96及43.86 mN/m處有pleatau現象，推測是DDA單分子層於氣-液界面發生Gas - Liquid Expanded及Liquid Expanded - Liquid Condensed之相轉換行為。

In the first part of this study, the advancing and receding contact angle were investigated by a sessile drop tensiometer. The dynamic wetting behavior of water drops evaporating from poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) substrates with different roughness was examined. The relaxation of the wetting diameter, volume and the contact angle of a sessile drop was monitored during the evaporation process. For the smoother substrates, four stages were identified during evaporation. The receding contact angle (r) was found in the constant contact angle (CCA) stage. In contrast, for the rougher substrates, the CCA stage was not observed, and the contact line was pinned at its original position during almost the entire lifetime of the drop.
The effect of hydrophobicity on the advancing (a) and receding contact angle were investigated by four coated surfaces (SAM-CH3, SAM-COOH, pCBMA, pSBMA). It was found that the a and r of water drop on these four samples are following the order: SAM-CH3 > pCBMA > SAM-COOH > pSBMA.
The deflation rate dependence of receding contact angle of water drops was studied by the suction method onto PMMA and PC surfaces. The relation between the receding contact angle and the deflation rate was experimentally determined, and the receding contact angle was found to decrease with increasing liquid deflation rate.
In the second part of this work, the dynamic and equilibrium surface tensions (ST) of ionic surfactants decanoic acid and dodecylamine (DDA) in aqueous solutions was measured by using a video-enhanced pendant bubble tensionmeter. The theoretical ST profiles using the nonionic and ionic Frumkin models were compared with the experimental data to study the adsorption mechanism.
For aqueous decanoic acid in 10 mM HCl solutions, decanoic acid works like a nonionic surfactant. A diffusivity of 6.0510-6 cm2/s was obtained from the best fit between the experimental and theoretical ST curves.
There exist two pleatau regions at =71.96 and 43.86 mN/m in the ST curves of DDA in 0.1 mM NaCl aqueous solutions at 25°C. The pleataus imply the existence of gas-liquid expended (G-LE) and liquid expended-liquid condensed (LE-LC) phase transition for the adsorbed DDA molecules at air-water interface.

摘要 I
Abstract II
誌謝 III
目錄 IV
圖目錄 VI
表目錄 IX
第一章、簡介 1
1.1潤濕行為介紹 1
1.1.1 接觸角 1
1.1.2 三相線 1
1.2界面介紹 2
1.2.1界面活性劑的特性 2
1.2.2界面活性劑分類 4
1.3研究主題 5
第二章、文獻回顧 6
2.1 動態接觸角之探討 6
2.2 三相線移動速率對前進及後退接觸角之影響 7
2.3界劑分子在氣-液界面之吸附行為 8
2.4非離子型界劑分子之質傳理論 11
2.4.1 Langmuir adsorption model 12
2.4.2 Frumkin and generalized Frumkin models 13
2.5離子型界劑分子之質傳理論 16
2.6 界劑水溶液之表面張力量測 18
第三章、表面張力及接觸角量測方法 20
3.1 懸掛氣泡影像數位化測量儀 20
3.1.1懸掛氣泡法量測界面張力之理論 20
3.1.2硬體設備 22
3.2 固著液滴影像數位化測量儀 24
3.2.1固著液滴影像邊界、接觸角搜尋與理論邊界曲線計算 25
3.3其它實驗儀器 26
3.4實驗藥品及材料 26
3.5 實驗方法 28
3.5.1溶液配製 28
3.5.2聚碳酸酯(PC)與聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)平板之處理 28
3.5.3實驗流程 29
第四章、液滴蒸發之行為研究 33
4.1 液滴於不同粗糙度之PMMA上蒸發 33
4.2 液滴於不同塗佈層之金表面上蒸發 36
第五章、液滴體積變化速率對後退接觸角之影響探討 39
5.1 純水液滴於PC及PMMA平板上蒸發 39
5.2 PC及PMMA平板上之液滴抽取行為 40
5.3 實驗結果討論 44
第六章、正癸酸於10 mM HCl水溶液中之吸附行為探討 47
6.1 正癸酸之實驗結果 47
6.2 正癸酸之決定模式與參數 51
6.3 結果討論 53
第七章、DDA界劑於0.1 mM NaCl水溶液中之吸附行為探討 55
7.1 DDA水溶液 55
7.2 DDA+0.1 mM NaCl水溶液之實驗結果 55
7.3 決定模式與參數 60
第八章、正癸酸於正己烷與純水界面之吸附行為探討 65
8.1 正癸酸吸附至液-液界面之張力實驗結果 65
8.2 正癸酸之分配係數結果 67
8.3 平衡張力最適化 69
第九章、結論與建議 70
參考文獻 72

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