臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本文選用SDS/CPC、SDS/DTMAC兩種陰/陽離子雙成份界面活性劑混合系統，將10 mM的界面活性劑溶液以等莫耳比率混合，再將固體沈澱物經離心、水洗、真空乾燥等程序後，做進一步的分析。以元素分析儀(EA)分析的結果顯示沈澱物含C、H、O、N、S等元素，並具有一定的重量百分比；由質譜儀(MASS)分析得到沈澱物的分子量分別為570和494 g/mole；而傅立葉轉換紅外線光譜儀(FTIR)的圖譜顯示沈澱物具有數個顯著的官能基。綜合以上的證據，可證實上述固體沈澱物即為陰、陽離子界面活性劑混合以等比例結合形成陽陰離子界面活性劑(catanionic surfactant)。
此外，也針對陽陰離子界面活性劑水溶液的界面活性進行測量。在最大泡壓法表面張力儀的動態表面張力結果中，顯示陽陰離子界面活性劑分子的動態吸附行為近似於純水。由平衡表面張力對濃度的關係圖中，顯示陽陰離子界面活性劑的界面活性較單、雙成份界面活性劑為大，再配合適當的理論模式，可估算相關的平衡吸附參數(m、KL)，進而探討界面活性劑分子在氣/液界面的平衡吸附行為。對陽陰界面活性劑的動態吸附行為而言，以液滴體積法的實驗結果配合理論數學模式進行分析，驗證CP‧DS 與 DTMA‧DS是擴散控制。

In this work, catanionic surfactants of CP‧DS and DTMA‧DS were prepared by mixing equimolar CPC and DTMAC solutions, respectively, with SDS solutions and followed by separation and purification processes including centrifugal filtration, washing, and vacuum drying. The solid precipitate was subsequently subjected to analyses with elemental analyzer (EA), mass spectrometer (MASS), and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) for chemical structure identification. The results of EA reveal the solid precipitates contain finite elements which have constant weight percent including C、H、O、N、S. The molecular weights are determined to be 570 and 494 g/mole, respectively, for CP‧DS and DTMA‧DS by MASS. Some marked groups of the solid precipitates can be found by FTIR. These results lend evidence to the formation of catanionic surfactants by anionic and cationic surfactants in equimolar.
In addition, the surface activities of these two catanionic surfactants were also measured. The data were measured by maximum bubble pressure tensiometer show the dynamic adsorption behaviors of CP‧DS and DTMA‧DS are similar to pure water. CP‧DS and DTMA‧DS with high surface activities were also measured and compared with those observed by equilibrium surface tensions for solutions of the single and binary mixed surfactants. With the appropriate theoretical models, we can calculate the equilibrium adsorption parameters (such as m、KL) and investigate the equilibrium adsorption behaviors of CP‧DS and DTMA‧DS. As for the dynamic adsorption behaviors of these two catanionic surfactants, experimental results with the theoretical analysis show that the dynamic adsorption processes of CP‧DS and DTMA‧DS are diffusion controlled.

中文摘 Ⅰ
英文摘要 Ⅱ
表目錄 Ⅲ
圖目錄 Ⅳ
符號說明 Ⅷ
第一章 前言
1-1 界面活性劑混合增效作用的重要性 …………………… 1
1-2 研究界面活性劑混合增效作用的方法 ………………… 2
1-3 研究目的 ………………………………………………… 4
第二章 文獻回顧
2-1 界面活性劑混合增效作用的機制 ……………………… 9
2-2 陰/陽離子界面活性劑混合作用 ……………………… 11
2-3 陽陰離子界面活性劑之特性 ………………………… 14
2-4 界面活性劑分子在氣/液界面的吸附行為 …………… 15
2-4-1 平衡吸附等溫曲線 ……………………………… 15
2-4-2 界面狀態方程式 ………………………………… 16
2-4-3 動態吸附理論 …………………………………… 17
第三章 實驗
3-1 實驗裝置 ……………………………………………… 26
3-2 實驗藥品 ……………………………………………… 29
3-3 實驗步驟 ……………………………………………… 31
3-3-1 固體沈澱物的製備 ………………………………… 31
3-3-2 陰/陽離子混合界面活性劑水溶液的
界面電位測量 ……………………………………… 31
3-3-3 平衡表面張力的測量 ……………………………… 31
3-3-4 動態表面張力的測量 ……………………………… 33
3-3-5 電導度的測量 ……………………………………… 34
第四章 結果與討論
4-1 陰/陽離子混合界面活性劑水溶液特性之探討 ……… 40
4-1-1 平衡表面張力及臨界微胞濃度 ………………… 40
4-1-2 界面活性劑水溶液之電導度 …………………… 42
4-2 陽陰離子界面活性劑的基本性質探討
4-2-1 化學結構的鑑定 ………………………………… 43
4-2-2 陽陰離子界面活性劑水溶液的界面特性
及電導度 …………………………………………… 44
4-3 單成份界面活性劑的吸附行為之分析
4-3-1 由平衡表面張力估算平衡吸附參數 …………… 46
4-3-2 動態吸附行為之分析 …………………………… 47
第五章 結論與建議
5-1 結論 …………………………………………………… 87
5-2 建議 …………………………………………………… 88
參考文獻 …………………………………………………… 89
誌謝與自述 ………………………………………………… 94

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