臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究以咖啡渣為吸附劑，吸附水中的重金屬銅離子，探討其特性，本研究分為三階段進行，第一階段以批次試驗探討影響吸附的參數，主要項目為pH 值、劑量、濃度、離子強度與溫度對銅金屬吸附之影響，再進行等溫吸附試驗，探討最大吸附量與吸附關係；第二階段為脫附試驗，探討其再生率，吸附劑表面銅離子殘存量；第三階段為藉由批次試驗實驗數據，推估出吸附動力學模式、吸附熱力學與等溫吸附模式，並探討關係數學模式模擬吸附結果。由實驗結果發現吸附動力學較符合Pseudo-second-order 動力模式，平衡吸附模式較符合Redlich-Paterson等溫吸附模式，Langmuir等溫吸附模式算出銅離子最大吸附量在25℃時為7.9 mg/g，結果顯示咖啡渣吸附銅離子為有利性的吸附。吸附熱力學算出ΔH0與ΔS0分別為20.681 kJ/mol、213.3 J/mol K，結果顯示咖啡渣吸附銅離子為自發性的吸熱反應。脫附最佳條件為脫附溶液0.5 N HNO3，咖啡渣劑量為1.5 g/L，溫度為25℃，轉速為100 rpm，儀器為恆溫震盪槽，反應時間48小時，所得脫附量為7.96 mg/L，再脫附試驗條件同脫附試驗，所得脫附量為4.07 mg/L，再生率為96.9%。吸附試驗條件pH 值為5，咖啡渣劑量為1.5 g/L，溫度為25℃，反應時間24小時之吸附率為40%，再吸附試驗條件同吸附試驗，再吸附試驗吸附率為20%，經由回收再利用之後，吸附效果減少一倍。

This study employed coffee residues to remove copper ions from wastewater. The effects of copper concentration, coffee residues dosage, ionic strength and temperature on adsorption of copper ions by coffee residues were evaluated. Pseudo first-order, pseudo second-order, intraparticle diffusion and Bangham models were adopted to evaluate experimental data and thereby elucidate the kinetic adsorption process. Additionally, this study used the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Redlich-Paterson isotherms to describe equilibrium adsorption. The adsorption percentage of copper ions increased as coffee residues dosage and temperature increased. Conversely, the adsorption percentage of copper ions decreased as copper concentration increased. The pseudo second-order model best represented adsorption kinetics. Based on the regressions of intraparticle diffusion and Bangham models, experimental data suggest that the adsorption of copper ions onto coffee residues involved intraparticle diffusion, but that was not the only rate-controlling step. The equilibrium adsorption of copper ions is best fitted in the Redlich-Paterson isotherm. The capacity of coffee residues to adsorb copper ions was 7.9 mg/g (25℃). The enthalpy (ΔH0) and entropy (ΔS0) were 20.681 kJ/mol and 213.3 J/mol K, respectively. The values of enthalpy and entropy both indicate that the adsorption of copper ions onto coffee residues was a physisorption process. The exhausted coffee residues were regenerated by HNO3 extraction and the re-adsorption efficiency was approximately 50%.

目錄 vii
圖目錄 x
表目錄 xii
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究緣起 1
1.2 研究目的 2
1.3 研究內容 2
第二章 文獻回顧 4
2.1 銅的相關資料 4
2.1.1 銅的物性資料 4
2.1.2 銅的來源 4
2.1.3 銅對人體的影響 5
2.1.4 銅對環境的影響 6
2.1.5 常見的銅處理技術 6
2.2 吸附劑簡介 8
2.2.1 吸附劑原料 8
2.2.2 咖啡簡介 9
2.3 吸附介紹 10
2.3.1 吸附原理 10
2.3.2 吸附作用種類 11
2.3.3 影響吸附能力的因素 13
2.4 動力吸附模式 17
2.4.1 Bangham's equation 17
2.4.2 Pseudo–first–order kinetic model 18
2.4.3 Pseudo–second–order kinetic model 19
2.4.4 Intraparticle diffusion model 20
2.5 等溫吸附模式 20
2.5.1 Langmuir吸附模式 21
2.5.2 Freundlich吸附模式 23
2.5.3 Redlich–Paterson吸附模式 25
2.6 熱力學 25
2.7 咖啡渣相關文獻 28
2.7.1 咖啡渣吸附重金屬之文獻 28
2.7.2 咖啡渣吸附非重金屬之文獻 30
2.8 其他吸附劑吸附銅污染物之相關文獻 32
第三章 實驗材料與方法 34
3.1 實驗材料與設備 34
3.1.1 吸附材料 34
3.1.2 實驗材料與試劑 34
3.2 設備與儀器 35
3.3 研究流程 36
3.4 實驗步驟 38
3.4.1 咖啡渣物化分析 38
3.4.2 等溫吸附動力試驗 39
3.4.2 不同溫度之平衡吸附試驗 41
3.4.3 脫附試驗 42
3.4.4 再吸附試驗 43
3.4.5 再脫附試驗 43
3.6 實驗分析方法 44
第四章 實驗結果與討論 45
4.1 咖啡渣物化分析 45
4.1.1 比表面積測定 45
4.1.2 界達電位測定 45
4.1.3 傅立葉轉換紅外線光譜儀 46
4.2 動力吸附試驗 47
4.2.1 飽和吸附時間測試 47
4.2.2 pH 效應測定 48
4.2.3 濃度效應測定 50
4.2.4 劑量效應測定 51
4.2.5 背景離子強度之影響 52
4.3 吸附動力學 54
4.3.1 Bangham's equation 54
4.3.2 Pseudo-first-order kinetic model 55
4.3.3 Pseudo-second-order kinetic model 56
4.3.4 Intrapariticle diffusion model 58
4.4 平衡吸附試驗 63
4.5 等溫吸附模式 64
4.5.1 Langmuir吸附模式 65
4.5.2 Freundlich吸附模式 67
4.4.3 Redlich-Paterson吸附模式 68
4.6 吸附熱力學 72
4.7 脫附試驗 74
4.7.1 最佳脫附條件測定 74
4.7.2 再吸附試驗 75
4.7.2 再脫附試驗 76
第五章 結論與建議 78
5.1 結論 78
5.2 建議 79
參考文獻 80

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T.C.A台灣咖啡協會
http://www.taiwancoffee.org/SpecialR_2.asp
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