臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

蒙古民族--為中華民族的一支,自秦漢以來,蒙古雖為邊患,但自元代開
始忽必烈入主中原,蒙古與中國便自然結成一體,清朝時更完全臣服於中國
二百餘年之久,成為中國不可分割的一部分,但於1911年發生辛亥革命建立
中華民國後,外蒙古一方面受到辛亥革命的影響,另一方面受到沙俄的鼓動
下,便以外蒙古第八代活佛哲布丹巴呼圖克圖為首,宣告脫離中國獨立,建
立"大蒙古國".此後經中俄交涉,始乃有外蒙撤治,歸復中國的轉機,但惜隔
不久 又受到俄國1917年十月革命的影響及共產國際在外蒙古的發展 產生
革命團體於外蒙古,復於1921年由蘇軍幫助下發生蒙古人民革命,成立"蒙
古人民共和國",再度脫離中國獨立,中國雖與之交涉,但此時內部尚未完成
統一而無力於蒙事,始終未出兵於外蒙,致使其獨立得以發展;自此外蒙的
國際地位一直具有雙重性:即蘇聯承認中國具有外蒙的宗主權,但又承認"
蒙古人民共和國"的獨立事實.直到世界第二次大戰期間,美.英.蘇三巨頭
雅爾達會議,史達林堅持以"蒙古人民共和國"獨立事實,作為對日參戰的條
件之一,並取得美.英兩國的同意而解決. 美.英兩國為求對日勝戰,欲蘇
聯加入太平洋戰爭而同意史達林的參戰條件,並經美.蘇的壓力下,使中國
與蘇聯簽定"中蘇友好同盟協約",據協約有關外蒙問題之解決為:1945年10
月20日經蒙古全民投票後,證實人民獨立的趨向;同年11月12日,中華民國
官方承認外蒙獨立;此後又因蘇聯未履行條約中多項協議,乃有中華民國於
聯合國之控蘇案成立,而廢止"中蘇友好同盟協約"及其附件,外蒙古獨立的
法律依據亦因而消失. 本論文主要研究蒙古獨立的歷史過程及中蘇對外
蒙問題的交涉,筆者利用中華民國 俄國已公開的歷史檔案,分析各國的歷
史資料及有關本課題的作品,依據大量歷史文獻,全面,系統,客觀地敘述外
蒙脫離中國走向完全獨立歷史,並作出自己的結論. 本論文主要特色為廣
泛採用中華民國,中國大陸,俄羅斯,蒙古及歐美國家的資料,盡力以客觀中
立的立場來研究此課題,揭開其真確歷史過程,目地使世人對此歷史能有較
為正確的認知,並提供一些見解,作為中華民國與蒙古國未來外交發展的參
考.

The Mongolian nation is a branch of The Chinese nation;
starting from theQin and Han Dynasties,the Mongols had
experienced troubles caused by Chinese in vasions,butat the
beginning of Yuan Dynasty,Khublai Khan invaded China.Mon-golia
naturally has become one entity with China.During the Qing
Dynasty,Mon-golia had been a Chinese suzerain for over 200years;
it became unseparable partof China.In 1911,the mongols under the
leadership of 8th Jebcundamba Khutukhtuproclaimed their
independence and establishment "Great Mongolia".Later,though the
Sino-Russian negotitstions,The Mongolian independence was
liqudated,andMongolia was taken over by China again.Soon after,a
new apportunity was createdby the October revolution of 1917 in
Russia and by development of The CommuistInternational in
Mongolia,and in 1921,Mongolian revolutionists with support ofthe
Soviet Red Army proclaimed the establishment of the Mongolian
People's Re-public.Later,the international status of Outer
Mongolia had a double-side char-acter:though USSR recognized
China's soverreignty over Outer Mongolia,it alsoafficially
recognized the independence of the Mongolian People's Republic.
Until world war 2,at the Yalta conferenceStalin obtained
Britain's and US's consent to resolve the Mongolian issue. This
thesis'primary research is the history of the process of
independence of Outer Mongolia.The author using the available
materials from the archivesof Russia and the ROC,attempts to
analyse a wide range of these works and docu-ments and to
thoroughly,objectively and systernatically present the history
ofOuter Mongolia's way to full independence,finally making his
own conclusion. The significant feature of this work is the
wide use of Chinese,Russian andMongolian Documents and sources.
The author from a position of most neutrality researches the
problem,uncovers the process of Outer Mongolia's independence,
and offers his conclusions and views.The work can be used as a
reference forROC scholars regarding the future processes in
Mongolian State.