臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

近年來政府大力推廣節能減碳、使用大眾運輸工具，然而大眾運輸的使用必須搭配一定距離的步行來完成，但是每個人的可容忍步行時間並不相同，在各種環境條件下的步行意願亦有所差異，因此本研究透過量測民眾的步行意願並探討相關的影響因素，希望能透過提升民眾步行意願達到推動大眾運輸使用的效果。本研究針對台灣地區台北與高雄兩地持有汽機車駕照的民眾進行調查，探討兩個同時擁有捷運系統及公車系統的城市，在民眾的步行意願以及使用大眾運輸的行為上是否有差異。

研究結果發現，在台北地區，民眾搭乘大眾運輸的行為主要受到步行意願的影響，而環境滿意度則透過步行意願的中介，而非直接影響搭乘大眾運輸的行為；而在高雄地區，則是由環境滿意度直接影響搭乘大眾運輸行為的效果最為明顯。因此，建議針對台北地區民眾應優先推動「提升步行意願」的相關政策，從讓民眾喜歡步行著手，搭配環境中各種附加的設施，如：美觀、綠化等；而針對高雄地區的民眾則以優先推動「提升民眾步行環境滿意度」的相關政策著手，針對步行環境中所有的設施進行全面的改善，並減少民眾步行時的不安全感，將環境對於民眾的負面影響降到最低，必能提升整體大眾運輸的使用。

In recent years, the government has tried their best to promote public transit usage to reduce carbon dioxide emission. However, using public transit should be followed by some walking distance in order to complete the trip. Due to the “tolerance walking time “among people and the willingness to walk under different walking environment are not the same, this research is trying to explore people’s willingness to walk and influential factors. By raising the willingness to walk for the public, it might reach the goal of promoting public transit usage. In order to compare the different behavior of public transit usage and willingness to walk between people living in two cities which both has the mass rapid transit system and bus service, this research investigated people who owned the car or motorcycle license living in Taipei and Kaohsiung city in Taiwan.

The result shows that in Taipei, people’s public transit usage behavior is mainly affected by willingness to walk, which is the mediator of satisfaction toward walking environment and public transit usage.While in Kaohsiung, people’s public transit usage behavior is directly affected by satisfaction toward walking environment. As a result, it suggests that for Taipei city, we should promote the policies for raising people’s willingness to walk in priority. To make people enjoy walking, improve the amenities such as aesthetic and green walking environment. On the other hand, it suggests that promoting the policies for raising people’s satisfaction toward walking environment in priority in Kaohsiung. By improving whole walking environment, and reducing the insecurity for walking, the usage of public transit could be expected soon.

摘要 I
致謝 III
目錄 IV
圖目錄 VII
表目錄 VIII
一、緒論 1
1.1研究背景與動機 1
1.2研究目的與問題 2
1.3研究流程 3
1.4研究貢獻 3
二、文獻回顧 4
2.1與步行行為相關之文獻 4
2.2步行環境對步行行為之影響 4
2.3步行意願 6
2.4大眾運輸場站的步行可及性 7
2.5理性行為理論(Theory of Reasoned Action-TRA) 8
2.6旅次阻力 9
2.7影響個體選擇使用大眾運輸工具的因素 9
三、研究架構與方法 12
3.1 開放式問卷調查 12
3.2 研究設計 16
3.2.1研究架構 16
3.2.2研究假設 16
3.2.3操作型定義 17
3.2.4研究對象與抽樣設計 17
3.3結構方程模式(Structural Equation Model, SEM) 17
3.3.1基本原理與特性 17
3.3.2校估方法 19
3.3.3模式驗證 21
3.4問卷設計 23
3.4.1步行態度 23
3.4.2步行環境滿意度 23
3.4.3 步行意願 24
3.4.4旅次阻力 24
3.4.5 搭乘大眾運輸行為 24
3.4.6背景資料 24
3.5 問卷初測 25
3.5.1 背景資料 25
3.5.2 問卷信度分析 26
3.5.3 問卷之因素分析 27
3.6 正式問卷設計 30
四、研究結果-敘述性統計 32
4.1正式樣本結構分析 32
4.2問卷因素分析 37
4.3各構面之敘述性統計 39
4.3.1步行的工具型態度 39
4.3.2步行的情感型態度 39
4.3.3步行環境滿意度 40
4.3.4步行意願 41
4.3.5旅次阻力 42
4.3.6搭乘大眾運輸行為 43
4.3.7小結 44
五、研究結果-模式分析 45
5.1信度分析 45
5.2效度分析 45
5.3結構方程模式驗證 48
5.3.1多群組分析 48
5.3.2高雄組模式驗證 49
5.3.3台北組模式驗證 50
5.3.4模式小結 51
六、各構面影響因素之差異探討 53
6.1各構面得分與背景資料之變異數分析 53
6.1.1性別 53
6.1.2年齡 53
6.1.3日常使用運具 54
6.1.4車輛持有 56
6.1.5最高學歷 57
6.1.6月收入 58
6.1.7 一年內搭乘大眾運輸頻率 59
6.2可容忍步行時間與背景資料之變異數分析 60
6.2.1生活環境步行時間與可容忍步行時間 60
6.2.2性別與從事活動可容忍的步行時間之變異數分析 62
6.2.3日常使用運具與可容忍步行時間的變異數分析 63
6.2.4月收入與可容忍步行時間的變異數分析 64
6.2.5年齡層與可容忍步行時間的變異數分析 65
6.2.6 一年內搭乘頻率與可容忍步行時間之變異數分析 67
6.3各構面題目與背景資料之間的變異數分析 71
6.3.1步行的工具型態度 71
6.3.2步行的情感型態度 72
6.3.3步行環境滿意度 73
6.3.4旅次阻力 75
6.3.5使用大眾運輸行為 76
6.3.6 小結 77
6.4 構面題目與構面分群之變異數分析 77
6.4.1 利用情感型態度分群 78
6.4.2 利用步行意願分群 80
七、結論與建議 82
7.1 結論 82
7.2 建議 83
參考文獻 85
附錄一－初測問卷 89
附錄二－正式問卷 92
簡歷 95

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