臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

　　詐欺為我國嚴重犯罪問題之一，但有關詐欺被害者之心理創傷研究卻付之闕如。本研究旨在瞭解詐欺被害者是否會有創傷反應症狀，並和過去之研究比對造成創傷的事件與影響因素，以量化問卷方式進行縱貫性研究。
　　調查問卷採用「創傷後壓力診斷量表」與「個人資源量表」，分別在事發後三個月內與第五個月至第七個月調查28名詐欺被害者與32名身體侵害受試者。調查結果以描述性統計、t檢定、迴歸分析、變異數分析、共變數分析等統計方法進行分析。
　　本研究發現：詐欺事件在兩次測量中都產生中度的創傷反應症狀，且與身體侵害事件並無差異，控制「社會支持」與「性別」變項後也得到相同的結果；納入流失樣本時，詐欺事件發生於問卷施測三個月內的創傷反應症狀高於傳統創傷事件之反應；量表分數上性別並無差異，但男性在初期會有較高的症狀反應，後期隨著時間而消退，女性則較易持恆；社會支持越高時，創傷反應症狀的嚴重性就越低。
　　研究結果顯示詐欺事件的確會引發創傷反應症狀，並且與過去研究之事件類型之結果相當一致。故本文建議：在學術方面，建議DSM將其納入創傷事件之一，並修改其身體侵害準則與主觀反應種類。在實務方面，則需改善被害者的個人社會支持關係，例如加強警務人員接觸被害者的訓練，透過政府補助司法或心理諮詢相關活動，協助被害者成立自助會等，並且注意在時間上之性別差異作適當介入，如此將能協助改善詐欺被害者事後的創傷反應，並回復其生活品質。

Fraud has become one of the most serious crime problems in Taiwan. However, there is no survey on the traumatic reaction of fraud victims yet. This thesis is based on the quantitative data collected through a longitudinal survey of 60 victims. It aims to find out whether fraud victims have any reaction of post-traumatic stress after the incidents, and whether their reactions can be predicted by similar factors identified in previous literature on traditional traumatic victims.
There were 28 fraud victims (study group) and 32 victims of other traumatic events (control group had seriously physical harm under a traumatic event) who participated this survey. The questionnaire was composed of the Chinese version of Post-traumatic Diagnostic Scale and Personal Resource Questionnaire 2000. Participants filled in the survey questionnaire within three months (Times 1) after the incidents and during the fifth to seventh month (Times 2) after incidents. The data is analyzed via descriptive statistics, t test, regression, ANOVA, ANCOVA and etc.
Results show that traumatic reaction scores for fraud victims are moderate at both Times 1 and Times 2. There is no significant difference between study and control groups. After the influences of social support and gender is modified, the result remains unchanged. If including samples who filled out scales only at Times 1, it is found that the traumatic reaction of fraud victims appears even higher than control group. There is no gender difference found, but males appear to have higher traumatic reaction at Times 1 and lower score at Times 2 than their female counterparts, The score of traumatic reaction for females maintains at stable level at Times 1 and 2. The effect of social support to the traumatic reaction individual perceived reconfirmed previous findings.
According to above findings, it is suggested that DSM should consider to add fraud victimization as a traumatic event. In order to do so, it is necessary to modify criterion A1 and A2 for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. Regarding policy implications, it is crucial to provide systematic assistance to fraud victims, starting from changing current social reactions to fraud victims. There should be a training policy for reinforcing police-victim interactions. The government should encourage and assist fraud victims to organize self-help forum who provides psychological counseling. Finally, it is important to consider gender differences when designing customer made interventions for victims.

目錄
第一章　緒論 1
第二章　文獻探討 4
第一節　詐欺事件與傳統創傷事件創傷反應 4
第二節　創傷反應症狀的測量準則 10
第三節　小結 14
第三章　研究方法 16
第一節　研究問題與研究假設 16
第二節　研究設計與實施 17
第三節　研究工具與信效度 22
第四節　統計方法 24
第五節　研究倫理 26
第四章　結果分析 27
第一節　詐欺被害者創傷反應 27
第二節　詐欺事件與傳統創傷事件之比較 30
第三節　性別與社會支持對於創傷反應症狀的影響 34
第四節　小結 38
第五章　結論與建議 39
第一節　結論 39
第二節　政策建議 43
第三節　研究限制與未來建議 44
參考文獻 46
附錄一　過去創傷壓力疾患診斷準則（DSM-IV-TR） 53
附錄二　詐騙事件創傷反應問卷（僅基本資料） 55
附錄三　傳統創傷事件創傷反應問卷（僅基本資料） 58
附錄四　個人資源量表中文版使用同意書 61
附錄五　PDS中文版與原作者使用同意書 62




表目錄
表3-2-1 樣本人口基本特性 20
表3-2-2 各事件種類樣本數 21
表4-1-1 詐欺事件創傷反應症狀嚴重程度 27
表4-1-2 兩次時間點詐欺事件的創傷反應分數 28
表4-1-3 兩次時間點詐欺事件各主要症狀分數 29
表4-2-1 兩次時間點的詐欺事件與傳統創傷事件創傷反應分數比較 30
表4-2-2 時間與事件種類二因子混合設計變異數分析摘要表 31
表4-2-3 時間、事件種類、金錢損失二因子混合設計共變數分析摘要表 32
表4-2-4 兩次時間點的詐欺事件與傳統創傷事件各主要症狀創傷反應症狀分數比較 33
表4-3-1 性別在兩時間點的不同事件種類創傷反應平均分數t檢定 34
表4-3-2 時間、事件種類、性別三因子混合設計變異數分析摘要表 35
表4-3-3 時間與事件種類二因子混合設計變異數分析摘要表 35
表4-3-4 兩時間點詐欺事件與傳統創傷事件社會支持平均分數t檢定 36
表4-3-5 時間、事件種類、社會支持二因子混合設計共變數分析摘要表 37
表4-4-1 研究假設與分析結果比對 38


圖目錄
圖3-2-1 研究設計 17
圖4-1-1 兩次時間點詐欺事件的創傷反應分數折線圖 28
圖4-2-1 兩次時間點詐欺事件與傳統創傷事件的創傷反應分數折線圖 31
圖4-2-2 兩次時間點再度經驗、迴避／麻木及生理過度激發創傷反應症狀平均分數直方圖 33
圖4-3-1 兩次時間點與性別創傷反應分數折線圖 36

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