臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

電池電量（State of charge,SoC）和電池健康度（State of health,SoH）分别定义电池的充电量和额定容量损失。为了确定这两个参数，估測电池的开路电压（Open-circuit voltage,OCV）和内阻是必不可少的。这项研究的动机是开发一个在线，简单，无培训，易于实施的方案，能够估算这些参数，特别是锂离子电池。基于等效电路模型（Equivalent circuit Model,ECM），可以将电池的电性能表达为一維空间。此外，不确定的模型参数可以应用自适应控制方法被整理成近似线性狀態。该算法基于李雅普諾夫稳定性标准。 可以精确提取開路電壓和内阻而不受系统输入信号的限制，如持续激励（persistent excitation,PE），增强了电力系统的适用性。同时，采用鋰離子电池的一維电化学集合热模型来建立电池的温度和物理参数之间的关系。在第一阶段，使用自适应控制观测器估计这些参数的结果是通过应用1-D电化学块热模型提出的。
本計畫目的是導入1-D 電化學模擬溫度方法，針對鋰離子電池，修正循環壽命或稱為老化狀況之敏感性參數建立估測手法為主軸，息知循環壽命的變化與電極材料、操作溫度與放電深度等因子相關性較大，常以一階或是二階模擬電路模型的內電阻值來代表，由目前諸多研究上，可以發現在電池壽命的估測上，缺乏能考量電池操作環境下快速得知電池壽命之整合性方法，而電池壽命的精確估測，將扮演該電能與電力系統間最為關鍵的角色。因此，本研究規劃，導入1-D 電化學模擬溫度方法修正線上電池循環壽命敏感性參數估測方法，強化適應性控制方法的正確性。
結果說明了結合電化學熱模型的電池模擬程式可以較為準確的估測出鋰離子電池的開路電壓和內阻，還能模擬現實情況中的電池衰老情況和環境溫度改變和電池溫度變化產生的電池參數變動。

State-of-charge (SoC) and state-of-health (SoH) define the amount of charge and rated capacity loss of a battery, respectively. In order to determine these two parameters, open-circuit voltage(OCV) and internal resistance of battery are indispensable. The motivation of this study is to develop an online, simple, training-free, and easily implementable scheme that is capable of estimating such parameters, particularly for the lithium-ion battery. Based on an equivalent circuit model (ECM), the electrical performance of a battery can be formulated into state-space representation. Also, underdetermined model parameters can be arranged to appear linearly so that an adaptive control approach can be applied. The algorithm is based on the Lyapunov-stability criteria. OCV and internal resistance can be extracted exactly without limitations of a system input signal, such as persistent excitation(PE), enhancing the applicability for power systems. Meanwhile, 1-D electrochemical lump thermal model of battery is employed to establish the relationship between temperature, and physical parameters of battery. In the first phase, results of using adaptive control observer to estimate these parameters is presented by applying 1-D electrochemical lump thermal model.

摘要
Abstract
感谢
TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF FIGURES
LIST OF TABLES
NOMENCLATURE
Chapter 1 Introduction
Objectives
Goals
Chapter 2 Previous of the Literature
action plans
Chapter 2 Method of Research
Mathematical battery modeling
Adaptive Control Algorithm
Modeling of 1-D (one-dimensional) Lumped Electrochemical-Thermal for Lithium-ion Battery
Implementation of SoC and SoH determination
Chapter 4 Result
Results of Thermal Model
Results of Estimated SOC and SOH by
Considering Thermal Effect
Chapter 5 Conclusion
References
Supplement

LIST OF FIGURES
Fig.1 The Schematic about main Ideas of this study. 2 ..........................
Fig.2 The action plans step of this study. 5 .............................................
Fig.3 A generalized ECM for LIB. 6 ........................................................
Fig.4 Relationship between concentration of Li+ ion of solid electrolyte
Phase and Li+ ion flux j ;and the temperature distribution 7 ...................
Fig.5 Discretization steps of φs. 11 ..........................................................
Fig.6 Discretization of the 1-D thermal model equations, and build the
TDMA 12 ...................................................................................................
Fig. 7. Scheme of SoC and SoH determination based on adaptive
control approach[5] 13 .............................................................................
Fig. 8. Tracking process by using adaptive control approach in MATLAB/
simulink. 14 ..............................................................................................
Fig.9 The computed voltage response of a 6Ah battery subjected to an
arbitrary load (current) over a 15-minute period. positive current denotes
discharge 15 .............................................................................................
Fig.10 Computed concentration of li+ ion, electrolyte phase electric
potential response of a 6Ah battery subjected to a regular load over a
60s period. 15 ...........................................................................................
Fig.11 Computed electrolyte phase concentration of li+ ion, of a 6Ah
battery subjected to 1/2C discharge. 16 ...................................................
Fig.12 Computed voltage response of a 6Ah battery subjected to 1/2C
discharge. 16 ............................................................................................
Fig.13 Temperature at negative pole, of 6A discharge in 1hour. 17 .........
Fig.14 Temperature distribution at 1C discharging rates at 3600s. 17 ....
Fig.15 Temperature at negative pole, of a 6Ah battery subjected to
1C~10C each load discharge . 20 ............................................................
Fig. 16. Estimated internal resistance and OCV in simulation: 21 ............
(a) Rs , (b) OCV, and (c)Rt 21
Fig. 17. Estimated internal resistance and OCV in simulation: 22 ............
(a) terminal battery voltage, (b) battery current, and (c) estimated error
.............................................................................................................22
Fig. 18.Estimated internal resistance and OCV in simulation OCV part.
.............................................................................................................23
Fig. 19. Results of Dr.Chiang’s program before Revised [5] 23 ................
Fig 20. Results of Feng fei ’s program at 30 °C: (a) the estimated voltage
and measured voltage profiles (b) the estimation error. [4] 24 .................
Fig 21. Results of Feng fei ’s program from 0 °C–40 °C: (a) OCV [4] 24

LIST OF TABLES
Table1: 1-D Electrochemical model equations……………………………8
Table2: Values of various parameters for battery simulated in the present
work geometry…………………………..……………………………………9
Table 3: Thermal parameters of Li-Ion cell……….………………………18
Table 4: Thermal parameters best searching……..……………………..19
Table 5: Parameters of models working……..……………………………29

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