臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

旋轉式PET吹瓶機的生產效率及穩定性是由其吹瓶模座裝置所決定的，此裝置是由吹瓶模座、凸輪機構、以及吹瓶模座連桿機構所組成；其中，吹瓶模座、開關模座凸輪、以及吹瓶模座連桿機構之組合稱為吹瓶模座凸輪連桿機構。當吹瓶模座裝置進行吹氣成瓶的過程時，此凸輪連桿機構將驅動吹瓶模座產生開模與關模的運動。而開關模座凸輪運動曲線之設計，將影響吹瓶模座的運動特性及吹氣成瓶過程的效率。因此，為了提升旋轉式吹瓶機的性能，本研究針對廠商所提供的旋轉式PET吹瓶機，研究開關模座凸輪運動曲線之設計與輪廓外型之合成。
首先，依據向量迴路法及牛頓力學，對倒置型的吹瓶模座凸輪連桿機構進行運動分析及靜動力分析之數學模式的建立。再根據吹瓶模座作動時之設計需求和限制，以基本凸輪運動曲線(MS, MT, MCV)來設計吹瓶模座的運動，推導出在此三種運動曲線下，吹瓶模座連桿機構的運動與靜動力特性以及凸輪機構的輸入力。然後應用Bezier曲線結合ALM最佳化設計方法設計出適合吹瓶模座運動的凸輪運動曲線，改進連桿機構的運動、靜動力特性、以及凸輪機構所需的輸入力。最後依據包絡理論推導出開關模座凸輪機構的輪廓外型，並分析凸輪機構的壓力角。此Bezier曲線結合最佳化設計方法的凸輪運動曲線，改善了吹瓶模座在吹氣成瓶過程中運動的不連續性，消除吹瓶模座開模與關模瞬間所產生的衝擊力，並降低連桿機構施加在機架上的作用力、開關模凸輪機構的輸入力、以及凸輪的壓力角。
此外，本研究以Visual Basic 6.0軟體，撰寫一套時序設計程式，用來設計吹瓶模座裝置之凸輪機構間的時序，減少凸輪運動曲線之選用與時序修改所耗費的時間。本研究並整合Visual Basic 與OpenGL模擬環境，發展運動模擬程式，模擬吹瓶模座凸輪連桿機構、入胚凸輪連桿機構、及出瓶凸輪連桿機構之間的運動，以驗證本設計的正確性。
本研究利用Bezier曲線結合最佳化設計方法所設計的運動曲線，改善了吹瓶機之吹瓶模座的運動與靜動力特性，消除開模與關模瞬間所產生的衝擊力，降低開關模座凸輪機構的壓力角與輸入力，使合作廠商的吹瓶機生產量由每小時8000瓶提升到每小時11000瓶，總產量提昇37.5%，成功的改善了旋轉式PET吹瓶機之生產效率與穩定性。

The manufacture efficiency and stability of rotary type PET bottle blow-molding machines are determined by the blow-station device. This device consists of blow-stations, cams, and blow-station linkage mechanisms, in which, the combination of the blow-station, the blow-station linkage mechanism, and the open/close blow-station cam mechanism is called the blow-station cam-linkage mechanism. When the blow-forming process of the blow-station device is progressing, the cam-linkage mechanism drives the blow-station to generate open/close motion. The design of motion curve of the cam for open/close blow-station cam affects the kinematic characteristics of the blow-station and the efficiency of the blow-forming process. Hence, in order to improve the performance of the rotary type blow-molding machine, this work targets on the design of the open/close blow-station cam mechanism for a rotary type blow-molding machine provided by a local industry.
First, the vector loop method and Newton’s laws of motion are used to develop the mathematical models for the kinematic analysis and kinetostatic analysis of the inverse blow-station cam-linkage mechanism. Based on the design requirements and constraints of motion of the blow-station, by applying basic cam motion curves (MS, MT, MCV) to design the motion of the blow-station, the kinematic and kinetostatic characteristics of the blow-station linkage mechanism and the input force of the cam mechanism are derived. Then, by using the Bezier curve integrated with ALM optimum design approach, the feasible cam motion curve used to design the motion of the blow-station is obtained. And the kinematic and kinetostatic characteristics of the blow-station linkage mechanism and the input force of the cam mechanism are improved. Finally, according to the theory of envelope and the definition of pressure angle, the profile of the cam mechanism is synthesized and the pressure angle of the cam mechanism is analyzed.
The motion curve of the cam designed by Bezier curve integrated with optimization design approach improves the kinematic discontinuous of the blow-station during the blow-forming process. The impulse force at the interface between the open/close phases of the blow-station is also eliminated. As the result, the joint forces from the blow-station linkage mechanism to the frame, the input force of the open/close blow-station cam mechanism, and the pressure angle are decreased.
Furthermore, a Time Sequence Design Program is developed under the Visual Basic 6.0 software and is used to design the time sequence of the cams of the blow-station device. The Visual Basic software integrated with OpenGL simulation environment is applied to develop the OpenGL Motion Simulation Program. This program simulates the relative motion between the blow-station cam-linkage mechanism, the infeed preform cam-linkage mechanism, and the outlet bottle cam-linkage mechanism. This program is used to verify the motion of the proposed design.
In summary, the motion curve designed by Bezier curve integrated with optimum design approach improves the kinematic and kinetostatic characteristics of the blow-station of the blow-molding machine, eliminates the impulse force at the interface between the open/close phases, and decreases the pressure angle and input force of the open/close blow-station cam mechanism. And, the result of this work successfully decreases the vibration and noise of the blow-molding machine and increases the productivity of the blow-molding machine form 8000 bottle/hour to 11000 bottle/hour, i. e., an improvement of 37.5%.

摘要(Abstract in Chinese) I

ABSTRACT II

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS IV

TABLE OF CONTENTS VI

LIST OF TABLES IX

LIST OF FIGURES X

NOMENCLATURES XVI

Chapter 1 Introduction 1
　1.1 Motivation 3
　1.2 Objective 4
　1.3 Patents 5
　1.4 Literature Review 10
　1.5 Thesis Organization and Design Flowchart 12

Chapter 2 An Existing Rotary Type Blow-Molding Machine 16
　2.1 Infeed and Outlet Transfer Devices 19
　2.2 Blow-Station Device 21
　　2.2.1 Blow-Station Linkage Mechanism 22
　　2.2.2 Cams in the Blow-Station Device 24
　2.3 Time Sequence Diagram 26

Chapter 3 Motion Design and Analysis 32
　3.1 Design Requirements 32
　3.2 Motion Design 35
　　3.2.1 Inversion of the Blow-Station Cam-Linkage Mechanism 36
　　3.2.2 Motion Design of the Blow-Station 37
　3.3 Kinematic Analysis 47
　　3.3.1 Kinematic characteristics of the crank 47
　　3.3.2 Kinematic Coefficients 53
　　3.3.3 Angular Velocity and Acceleration of Each Link 55
　　3.3.4 Kinematic Coefficients of Mass Centers 60
　　3.3.5 Velocity and Acceleration of Mass Centers 64
　3.4 Summary 69

Chapter 4 Pressure Angle and Kinetostatic Analysis 70
　4.1 Synthesis of the Cam Profile 70
　4.2 Analysis of the Pressure Angle 78
　4.3 Kinetostatic Analysis 80
　4.4 Input Force of the Cam Mechanism 88
　4.5 Summary 90

Chapter 5 Optimum Design 91
　5.1 Bezier Curve 91
　5.2 Design Variables 95
　5.3 Objective Function 95
　5.4 Design Constraints 96
　5.5 Optimum Design 98
　5.6 Summary 106

Chapter 6 Performance Comparison 108
　6.1 Kinematic Characteristics 108
　6.2 Joint Forces 112
　6.3 Cam profiles, Pressure Angles, and Input Forces 114
　6.4 Summary 117

Chapter 7 Simulation Program 118
　7.1 Time Sequence Design Program 118
　7.2 Operation Steps of the Time Sequence Design Program 121
　　7.2.1 Choose Motion Curves and Set Variables 121
　　7.2.2 Execution 124
　　7.2.3 Kinematic Analysis 125
　7.3 OpenGL Motion Simulation Program 126
　7.4 Operation Steps of the OpenGL Simulation Program 128
　　7.4.1 Build the Solid Models 128
　　7.4.2 Construct the STL Files 129
　　7.4.3 Read the Motion States 130
　7.5 Verification of the Design 134

Chapter 8 Conclusions and Suggestions 140
　8.1 Conclusions 140
　8.2 Suggestions 142

References 143

自述(Vita in Chinese) 147

VITA 148

著作權聲明(Copyright Statement) 149

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