臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

天人菊（Gaillardia pulchella Fong.）為線蟲拮抗性植物，對南方根瘤線蟲（Meloidogyne incognita）呈現高度抗性，根系不會遭受侵染，且分泌物對線蟲族群發展具有抑制作用。盆缽試驗發現，應用天人菊植體添加物對土壤中南方根瘤線蟲族群發展及寄主植物根部根瘤的產生具抑制效果。於混拌時間充足的條件下，以10﹪生鮮植體及5﹪乾燥碎片之抑制線蟲效果最好，可有效控制根瘤線蟲病害發展，並促進作物生長，而應用未完全腐熟的添加物，則會對作物生長造成抑制；但隨腐熟時間的增加，抑制線蟲的效果也隨之下降。植體與花朵部份均具有抑制線蟲活性之物質，葉芽線蟲（Aphelenchoides besseyi）於處理10X、15X植體粗萃取液24 hr.後即呈現僵直狀態，花朵部份則於漂洗後24 hr.產生效果；但漂洗後108 hr.，所有處理天人菊粗萃取液之線蟲皆又恢復活動力，顯示天人菊中所含物質對線蟲僅具麻痺效果，而無法使之致死，且植體與花朵中的有效成份應分屬不同物質。於繁殖試驗中，經處理24 hr.後的葉芽線蟲也仍然具有取食及繁殖能力。

Gailladia pulchella is one of the antagonistic plants to plant-parasitic nematode, with suppression effect on the development of the population of southern root-knot nematodes. The results of these studies showed that application of Gailladia pulchella could significantly suppress the development of the population of Meloidogyne incognita and decrease the numbers of gall on host plant roots. 10﹪(w/w soil) fresh tissues and , 5﹪(w/w soil) dry tissues and decomposed G. pulchella were effectively control the root-knot nematode, and promot the growth of plants. Some effective treatments produced considerable phytotoxicity especially when the amendments decomposed incompletely as evidenced by reductions in the weights of shoots and roots. Both stem and flower of G. pulchella contained the nematicidal substances. Aphelenchoides besseyi became rigid when it was treated with the extracts of stems and flowers incubated in the extracts for 24 hours. However, A. besseyi recovered after washing with water for 108 hours. The substance(s) in G. pulchella could numb nematodes readily but really not cause death. The inhibitory substance(s) in stems was different with the one in flowers detected by HPLC.

壹、 前言………………………………………………………………1
貳、 材料與方法………………………………………………………6
一、 供試線蟲之來源及培養…………………………………………6
（一） 南方根瘤線蟲之來源及培養……………………………………6
（二） 葉芽線蟲之來源及培養…………………………………………6
二、 供試土壤來源及土壤質地測試…………………………………6
三、 供試植物之栽培…………………………………………………7
四、 天人菊之栽培及供試植材之製備………………………………7
五、 不同份量之天人菊對蕹菜生長及南方根瘤線蟲防治之效果…8
（一） 生鮮植體碎片……………………………………………………8
（二） 乾燥碎片…………………………………………………………8
六、 不同混拌處理時間，乾燥碎片對蕹菜生長及南方根瘤線蟲防治效果……………………………………………………………………………8
七、 天人菊對番茄生長及南方根瘤線蟲防治效果之影響…………9
（一） 植前處理…………………………………………………………9
（二） 植後處理…………………………………………………………9
八、 天人菊對蕹菜、番茄、絲瓜等作物生長之影響………………10
九、 天人菊萃取及其對水稻葉芽線蟲之影響………………………10
（一） 對水稻葉芽線蟲活性之測試…………………..………………11
（二） 對水稻葉芽線蟲繁殖力之影響…………………………………11
十、 天人菊植體成份分析……………………………………………10
參、 結果………………………………………………………………13
一、 不同份量之天人菊對蕹菜生長及南方根瘤線蟲之防治效果…13
（一） 生鮮植體碎片……………………………………………………13
（二） 乾燥碎片…………………………………………………………14
二、 不同混拌處理時間乾燥碎片對蕹菜生長及對南方根瘤線蟲防治之效果…………………………………………………………………………14
三、 天人菊對番茄生長及南方根瘤線蟲防治效果之影響…………14
（一） 植前處理…………………………………………………………14
（二） 植後處理…………………………………………………………15
四、 天人菊對蕹菜、番茄、絲瓜等作物生長之影響………………15
五、 天人菊萃取及其對水稻葉芽線蟲之影響………………………15
（一） 水稻葉芽線蟲活性之測試………………………………………16
（二） 天人菊粗萃取液對水稻葉芽線蟲繁殖力之影響………………17
肆、 討論………………………………………………………………18
伍、 參考文獻…………………………………………………………23
陸、 中文摘要…………………………………………………………29
柒、 英文摘要…………………………………………………………30
捌、 圖表………………………………………………………………31

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