臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

音樂是亙古以來人類長期累積而成的文化智慧結晶之一。隨著人工智慧 (artificial intelligence) 的快速發展，演化式音樂創作 (Evolutionary Composition, EC) 實現由電腦自主來創作樂曲。然而，電腦自動音樂創作和人 為音樂創作可明顯地被分辨出差異，主因是電腦自動音樂創作常忽略音樂流程的固定安排，導致聽眾難以預測音樂的下一步動作。電腦如何有效地運用人類的創作經驗、發揮電腦自身的特長讓創作出來的樂曲更貼近人為音樂創作，目前在電腦音樂創作領域仍是一大挑戰。此篇論文提出模仿真實樂曲之特徵來設計演化式音樂創作。該設計沿襲音樂理論 (music theory) 的概念，並引用真實的樂曲旋律作為演化的模仿對象。根據模仿對象的特徵，提出兩種修復機制令演化過程中新旋律能具備與真實旋律相同的特徵，再根據模仿對象的特徵提出四種適應值的評估方法 (fitness function) ，利用不同的適應值評估方法各自引導演化來創造出與真實樂曲迴異的新旋律。透過以上設計，我們成功模仿出與真實旋律相同的旋律特徵，並探討在維持與模仿對象相同的旋律特徵前提下，不同適應值評估方法對演化後旋律之結構的影響。

Contents 2
List of Figures 4
List of Tables 6
1 緒論9
2 文獻探討14
2.1 規則型演化式音樂創作(Rule-based EC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
2.2 互動型演化式音樂創作(Interactive EC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
2.3 學習型演化式音樂創作(Learning-based EC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
3 背景知識21
3.1 音符(Note) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
3.2 和弦(Chord) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
3.3 音階(Scale) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
3.4 樂句(Musical phrase) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
4 研究方法28
4.1 基因演算法(Genetic algorithm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
4.2 個體表述(Individual representation) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
4.3 音符辨識(Note recognition) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
4.4 旋律模仿(Melody imitation) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
4.4.1 樂句內部的重新排列(Intra-phrase rearrangement) . . . . . . 33
4.4.2 樂句之間的平移調整(Inter-phrase rearrangement) . . . . . . 34
4.5 適應值評估方法(Fitness function) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
4.5.1 音符分佈之變異數差距(Difference of Notes Variance, NV) . . 36
4.5.2 音程分佈之變異數差距(Difference of Intervals Variance, IV) . 36
4.5.3 變奏規則(Rules of Arrangement, RA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
4.5.4 混合式(Hybrid) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
4.6 音樂形式(Musical form) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
5 實驗結果與討論43
5.1 音符分佈之變異數差距討論. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
5.2 音程分佈之變異數差距討論. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
5.3 變奏規則討論. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
5.4 混合式討論. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
6 結論與未來展望58
Bibliography 61
A Melody Information 65
B Accompaniment: So Danço Samba 82
C Accompaniment: Song for My Father 92
D Accompaniment: Road Song 102
E Resultant Compositions of PIEC 114

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