臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

在熱軋製程中，材料在不同溫度、應變率、應變中會因塑性變形產生加工硬化，導致微觀組織之晶界改變，並產生動態再結晶；在軋機間材料的靜態組織，會產生靜態再結晶。其加工硬化與再結晶之行為，會影響到材料之力學性能。若能藉由數值模擬方法求得材料微觀組織之演化，則可以藉由控制熱軋製程，改變材料之性能。我們利用增量分析理論以及經由實驗統整出來之材料性能參數，建構出增量數值計算方法與流程。本研究利用MATLAB撰寫數值模型，目前，已完成第一道次軋輥中與軋機間模擬計算與驗證。對於低碳鋼之數值模擬的結果與文獻能達到十分吻合的程度，而在合金鋼的結果，其平均晶粒尺寸與應力應變曲線圖，則能得到相同的趨勢。

In the hot rolling, the experience of the microstructure material will result in work hardening via plastic deformation under the different conditions of temperature, strain rate and strain. It also results in the changing of the crystal boundary and dynamic recrystallization effect. And static organization of materials will result in static recrystallization effect. Due to work hardening and the recrystallization behavior will affect of mechanical properties the material. Therefore, we construct the incremental formulation calculate method and the flow of process using the incremental analysis theory and material performance parameter from experiment.
In our research, we used the MATLAB software to establish the numerical model. Up to now, we have completed the simulation of the first pass in hot rolling. And the results have proved that could correlate result of low carbon steel form previous references. However, our simulation results of alloy steel prediction indicate that the grain size and stress-strain curve could approach the real phenomenon.

目錄 I
表目錄 V
圖目錄 VII
第一章 緒論........................................1
1-1 研究動機與目的....................................1
1-2 文獻回顧..........................................2
1-3 研究方法與目標....................................4
第二章 熱軋製程微觀組織的演化與發展................7
2-1 熱軋加工與製程介紹................................7
2-2 熱軋試驗製程介紹..................................8
2-3 微觀組織演化流程.................................10
2-3-1 軋輥中微觀組織演化.........................10
2-3-2 軋機間微觀組織演化.........................12
2-4 微觀組織之概念...................................14
2-4-1 加工硬化...................................14
2-4-2 動態回復...................................15
2-4-3 動態再結晶.................................15
2-4-4 靜態回復...................................16
2-4-5 靜態再結晶.................................16
2-4-6 後動態再結晶...............................17
2-5 Zener-Hollomon參數...............................18
第三章 軋輥中數值分析原理與模型建立...............21
3-1 微觀組織增量分析原理.............................21
3-2 微觀組織增量分析計算.............................24
3-2-1 臨界應變之計算.............................24
3-2-2 動態再結晶體積百分比.......................25
3-2-3 動態再結晶平均晶粒計算.....................28
3-2-4 差排密度...................................29
第四章 軋機中數值分析原理與模型建立...............31
4-1 軋機間數值分析原理...............................31
4-2 軋機間微觀組織分析計算...........................33
4-2-1 靜態再結晶體積百分比.......................33
4-2-2 後動態再結晶體積百分比.....................36
4-2-3 後動態再結晶晶粒成長.......................38
4-2-4 靜態再結晶晶粒成長.........................39
4-2-5 差排密度...................................41
第五章 數值分析模型的計算與驗證...................43
5-1 軋輥製程數值模型計算.............................43
5-1-1 殘留應變定義與計算.........................43
5-1-1-1 模型範例一..........................44
5-1-1-2 模型範例二..........................45
5-1-2 實例計算...................................46
5-1-3 鉻釩鋼力學性能計算.........................50
5-1-3-1殘留應變定義一.......................50
5-1-3-2殘留應變定義二.......................54
5-1-4 鉻釩鋼平均晶粒計算.........................58
5-1-5 低碳鋼力學性能計算.........................62
5-1-5-1殘留應變定義一.......................62
5-1-5-2殘留應變定義二.......................65
5-2 軋機間數值模型計算...............................69
5-2-1 軋機間材料參數.............................70
5-2-2 實例計算...................................71
第六章 結論與未來方向.............................73
6-1 結果與討論.......................................73
6-2 未來研究規劃.....................................76
參考文獻.......................................79

[1] S. Xiong, X. Liu, G. Wang, P.A.F. martins, S. Jiao, and J. Yuan, “Three-dimensional thermo-mechanical finite element simulation of the vertical-horizontal rolling process,” J. of Material Processing Technology, Vol.110, pp. 89-97, 2001.
[2] G. S. Cheng, “Investigation of interfacial behaviors between the strip and roll in hot strip rolling by finite element method, Tribology International,” Vol.38, pp. 413-422, 2004.
[3] T. Senuma, M. Suehiro, and H. Yada, “Mathematical models for predicting Microstruture evolution and mechanical properties of hot strips,” ISIJ International, Vol.32, No. 3, pp. 423-432, 1992.
[4] A. Laasraoui and J. J. Jonas, “Prediction of temperature distribution, flow stress and Microstruture during the multipass hot rolling of steel plate and strip,” ISIJ International, Vol.31, No. 1, pp. 95-105, 1991.
[5] J. J. Park, “Prediction of the Flow Stress and grain size of steel during thick-plate rolling,” Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Vol.113, pp. 581-586, 2001.
[6] X. Li, M. Wang, and F. Du, “A coupling thermal mechanical and microstructural FE model for hot strip continuous rolling process and verification,”Material Science & Engineering A, Vol.408, pp. 33-41, 2005.
[7] 王鳳琴,林建國,and T. A. Dean, “熱軋過程中的微觀組織預測,” Computer Aided Engineering, Vol.15, 2006.
[8] Jun Yanagimoto, K. Karhausen, A. J. Brand, and R. Kopp, “Incremental Formulation for the Prediction of Flow Stress and Microstructural Change in Hot Forming,” J. of Manufacturing Science and Engineering, Vol.120, pp. 316-322, 1998.
[9] Jun Yanagimoto and J. Liu, “Incremental Formulation for the Prediction of Microstructural Change in Multi-pass Hot Forming,” ISIJ International, Vol.39, No. 2, pp. 171-175, 1999.
[10] H. Yu, Y. Kang, and H. Dong, “Microstruture and Strengthening parameters of ultra-thin hot strip of Low Carbon Steel,” J. of Univ. of Sci. and tech. Beijing, Materials, Vol.9, No. 5, pp. 356-359, 2002.
[11] Y. Kang, K. Wang, H. Yu, J. Fu, D. Liu, Z. Wang, and X. Chen, “Microstruture Evolution and Precipitation Behavior of Low Carbon Steel Hot Strips Preduved by CSP”, J. of Univ. of Sci. and tech. Beijing, Materials, Vol.11, No. 4, pp. 364-367, 2004.
[12] H. M. Naeini, M. Maerefat, and M. Soltanpour, “Finite Element Simulation of Hot Forming Process by Using Flow Stress Prediction Model,” Iranian Journal of Science & Technology, trans. B, Engineering, Vol.29, No. B2, pp. 231-240, 2004.
[13] H. Yu, Y. Kang, and H. Dong, “Comparison and Analysis of Dislocation Density, Morphology and Evolution in Microstructure of Low-carbon Steel Produced Using Different Technologies,” J. of Univ. of Sci. and tech. Beijing, Materials, Vol.13, No. 5, pp. 406-410, 2006.
[14] Jun Yanagimoto, “第50回塑性與加工,” pp. 339-340.
[15] Senuma Takehide , Matsumura Yoshikazu, Hamauzu Shuichi and Nakajima Koe , “Calculation Model of Resistance to Hot Deformation in Consideration of Metallurgical Phenomena in Continuous Hot Deformation Processes,” Testu- To-Hagane, 70(10),pp.1392-1399, 1989.
[16] 尹紀龍, “含Nb鋼熱軋過程微觀組織演變的計算機模擬與軋後力學性能預報,”武漢科技大學,2002.
[17] 蕭勝元, “金屬之加工軟化與退火硬化,” 大同大學材料工程研究所, 2007.
[18] 朱鳳泉, “ML15A1棒材軋製過程組織模擬研究,” 北京科技大學, 2007.
[19] 原思宇, “特殊鋼棒線材熱連軋過程的有線圓模擬與分析,” 大連理工大學, 2007.
[20] 李立新, “熱軋板帶的數值模擬、組織預報與工藝優化,” 重慶大學, 2003.
[21] H.Moslemi Naeini , M.Maerefat and M.Soltanpour, “Finite Element Simulation of Hot Forming Process by Using Flow Stress Prediction Model ,” Engineering , Vol.29 , No.B2, 2005.
[22] 劉丹, “82B鋼熱軋及控冷過程中組織演變計算機模擬,” 武漢科技大學, 2004.
[23] 何昆霖, “粗軋區Sizing Press 裁寬製程鋼胚不對稱之有限元素分析,” 中正大學, 2008.
[24] H.Yada and T.Senuma, “Resistance to hot deformation of steels,” Journal of JSTP , 27 , 34, 1986.
[25] Jinshan Liu, Akira Yanagida, Sumio Sugiyama and Jun Yanagimoto, “The Analysis of Phase Transformation for the Prediction of Microstructure Change after Hot Forming ,”ISIJ,Vol.41, No.12,pp.1510-1516,2001.
[26] Jun Yanagimoto, Takashi Ito and Jinshan Liu, “FE-based Analysis for the Microstructure Evolution in Hot Bar Rolling,” ISIJ,Vol.40, No.1,pp.65-70,2000.
[27] Jinshan Liu and Jun Yanagimoto, “Three-dimensional Numerical Analysis of Microstructural evolution in and after Bar and Shape Rolling Processes,” ISIJ,Vol.42, No.8, pp.868-875,2002.
[28] John H.Beynon and C.Michael Sellars, “Modelling Rolling Microstructure and Its Effects during Multipass Hot Rolling,” ISIJ,Vol.32, No.3, pp.359-367, 1992.
[29] H.Yada , T.Senuma , Y.Matsumura and T.Futamura, “Structure of Austeniye of Carbon Steels in High Speed Hot Working Processes,” Journal of JSTP , Vol.322-329 , No.15, 1984.
[30] Matthias Militzer, “Computer Simulation of Microstructure Evolution in Low Carbon Sheet Steels,” ISIJ,Vol.47 , No.1,pp.1-15,2007.
[31] W.G.Jiang , G.C.Wang , S.Q.Lu and J.W.Li , “Prediction of microstructure evolution of Al–1% Mg alloy during hot forming and sequential heat treatment,” Journal of Materials Processing Technology , 182, pp.274-280, 2007.
[32] F.Wang , Q.Zhu , J.Lin and T.A.Dean, “Prediction of microstructural evolution in hot rolling,” Journal of Materials Processing Technology,177 ,pp. 530-533,2006.
[33] Yunbo Xu ,Yongmei Yu ,Xianghua Liu and Guodong Wang , “Modeling of microstructure evolution and mechanical properties during hot-strip rolling of Nb steels,” Material Science & Technology, Vol.15 , No.4, 2008.
[34] WANG Min-ting , ZANG Xin-liang , LI Xue-tong and DU Feng-shan , “Finite Element Simulation of Hot Strip Continuous Rolling Process Coupling Microstructural Evolution,” Journal of Iron & Steel Research , 14 , 3, pp.30-36, 2007.
[35] Chengwu Zheng , Namin Xiao ,Dianzhong Li and Yiyi Li, “Microstructure prediction of the austenite recrystallization during multi-pass steel strip hot rolling A cellular automaton modeling,” Computational Materials Science ,44 , pp.507-514, 2008.