臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本文提出了動態阻抗法與投影法，分別用來估測電池之電量狀態與健康狀態。本文所提之估測技術是以電池模組在充放電的過程中，電池模組之電壓與電流變化量之比值，定義為動態阻抗，以作為計算電量狀態的基礎，不僅不需歷史資料或初始電量，所提之動態阻抗相較於各種習知的估測法，更能反應出電池之真正電氣特性，且具有即時估測的能力。實際上，電池的健康狀態會隨老化程度逐漸惡化，此將造成動態阻抗的特性也隨之改變，投影法即是透過計算動態阻抗對電池電量的變化率，來判斷電池的健康狀態。在本文中，詳述了所提之估測技術之原理說明，並且建立其數學模型，同時也詳述了數學模型之參數計算方式，最後再以實驗驗證所提之估測技術之正確性與準確性。
為了具體應用本文所提之估測技術，在本文中實現兩套不同架構的電池電量狀態與健康狀態即時估測系統。此兩套即時估測系統皆是以微控制器作為系統控制核心，但是分別結合電池管理系統與偵測電路，作為擷取電池資料的工具。而這兩套系統皆會搭配所提之估測技術來實現即時估測功能。再者，本文亦將所提之估測技術，加入至車載式數位控制磷酸鋰鐵電池充電器。所實現之磷酸鋰鐵電池充電器，同樣是以微控制器作為系統控制核心，當電池在充電時，微控制器會先根據電池之起始電量與所選擇之充電模式，再計算所需的充電電流大小。最後，在本文中分別詳述了所實現之各項系統之硬體架構，並且建立完整之設計準則，以及演算法之實現，並且以實驗來驗證系統之效能與準確性。

This dissertation proposes a dynamic impedance method and a projection method to respectively estimate the state-of-charge (SOC) and the state-of-health (SOH) of batteries. For the proposed methods, we defined the ratio between the changes in voltage and the changes in current during the charging and discharging processes of battery modules as the dynamic impedance, which further served as the basis to calculate the SOC of the battery. The proposed techniques do not require initial values, and the proposed dynamic impedance can better reflect the true electrical characteristics of batteries than conventional estimation methods. Furthermore, real-time calculations can be achieved using the proposed techniques. The SOH of batteries degenerates as the batteries age, which also changes the characteristics of the dynamic impedance. The projection method thus determines the SOH based on the rate of change in dynamic impedance with respect to the SOC. In this dissertation, the principle of the proposed techniques is detailed. And the mathematic model is also discussed in detail. Finally, all the experimental results agree with the theoretical predictions.
In order to use the proposed technique for some applications, we developed two SOC and SOH real-time estimation systems with different structures. The microcontroller is used to be the control core of the systems. Besides, they also combined with the battery management system (BMS) and the detection circuit to capture the data from the batteries, respectively. Furthermore, the proposed estimation technique was adopted into the developed systems to implement the real-time estimation feature. Moreover, an on-board LiFePO4 charger based on digital control incorporating with the proposed estimation technique is also implemented in this dissertation. Therefore, the microcontroller will calculate the corresponding charging current depends on the initial SOC and the selected charging mode when battery is charging. Finally, the hardware structures of the implemented systems are detailed in this dissertation. And the complete design considerations and algorithm are also described in detail. And then, the results of experiments verify the accuracy and feasibility of the proposed systems.

誌謝i
摘要ii
ABSTRACT.iii
目錄v
圖目錄vii
表目錄xii
第一章 緒論1
1.1 研究動機與背景.1
1.2 論文大綱.5
第二章 電池電量狀態與健康狀態之估測技術7
2.1 所提之電量狀態與健康狀態估測技術 7
2.2 動態阻抗法及投影法之參數計算13
第三章 以微控制器結合電池管理系統之電池 SOC 與SOH 即時估測系統17
3.1 SOC 與SOH 即時估測系統之簡介17
3.2 電池管理系統之架構與功能描述18
3.3 微控制器PIC18F4520 介紹 24
3.4 SOC 與SOH 即時估測系統之設計與實現25
第四章 以微控制器結合偵測電路之電池 SOC 與SOH 即時估測系統28
4.1 SOC 與SOH 即時估測系統簡介.28
4.2 偵測電路之架構 31
4.3 SOC 與SOH 即時估測系統之設計與實現31
第五章車載式數位控制之磷酸鋰鐵電池充電器之設計與實現40
5.1 車載式數位控制之磷酸鋰鐵電池充電器之介紹40
5.2 交錯式功率因數修正器簡介 41
5.3 交錯式功率因數修正器之設計與實現42
5.4 全橋相移轉換器之簡介46
5.5 全橋相移轉換器之設計與實現 47
5.6 智慧充電策略56
5.7 磷酸鋰鐵電池充電器之控制器之設計與實現60
5.8 輔助電源之設計與實現68
第六章 實驗結果78
6.1 動態阻抗法與投影法之實驗結果78
6.2 所提之即時估測系統之實驗結果84
6.3 車載式數位控制磷酸鋰鐵電池充電器之實驗結果89
6.4 智慧充電策略之實驗結果.100
第七章 結論與未來展望105
7.1 結論105
7.2 未來展望 106
參考文獻109
個人簡歷116

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