臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

中文摘要
嘉寶瓜(Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum & Nakai)為臺灣西瓜品種之一，目前全國僅澎湖縣有經濟栽培。本試驗目的在於利用西瓜為材料並開發更高經濟價值的保健產品。本研究中利用不同萃取方法選取瓜胺酸含量較高的西瓜品系及比較不同部位之瓜胺酸含量，並進行萃取之瓜胺酸製成高單位之西瓜瓜胺酸保健產品。西瓜瓜胺酸萃取產品以體外細胞試驗進行抗氧化分析、免疫試驗、減緩心肌細胞凋亡之保健評估。研究顯示瓜胺酸含量比較抗氧化實驗中由6MHCl萃取比水萃的抗氧化力高，且在不同部位中的抗氧化力以果皮＞果肉＞白皮；免疫試驗中瓜胺酸與西瓜萃取物均可減緩經LPS誘發產生的NO量，於心肌細胞中也有相同的現象；在TNF-a檢測中可發現經瓜胺酸處理過後，其TNF-a生成量依劑量提高隨著升高；在LDH檢測中，在瓜胺酸及西瓜萃取物(Ct5000)都可減緩經H2O2所誘發的傷亡；而在減緩心肌凋亡現象中，可發現經瓜胺酸與西瓜萃取物處理過後可保護心肌細胞不受H2O2傷害，也可減緩其心肌的凋亡；本研究的成果對於澎湖地區農產品之應用及加工方面可以提供有用的資訊，以發展當地的農業特產。
關鍵字：瓜胺酸、嘉寶瓜、抗氧化、抗發炎

Abstract
“Garbo” watermelon is one of specie (watermelon) cultivated in Penghu county. The objectives of this study were use the watermelon to develop higher economic value functional product. In this study, to selected higher citrulline extracts, different extract methods, different parts of watermelon fruit, and different species were examined the citrulline concentrations of watermelon. The high citrulline extracts of watermelon were produced. Further,assess antioxidant ability,anti-inflammatory assay,protect cardiomyocytes apoptosis effects. of citrulline extracts of watermelon by in vitro assay.
The results shown antioxidant activities of citrullin extract by 6M HCl was higher than water extraction and the antioxidant capacity of watermelon different parts were peel＞ pulp＞ White. For immunoassay, the results showed citrulline and Garbo melon extract were slow down the amount of LPS-induced generation of NO and myocardial cells have the same phenomenon. For TNF-a assay, TNF-a content were increased by citrulline and Garbo melon extract treatments and have dose-drpendent. For LDH assay, The results show that Garbo melon extract and citrulline can reduced the damage caused by H2O2 in myocardial cells.
In cardiac apoptosis, apotosis were showed slowly by citrulline and “Garbo” watermelon extract treatment. The results of this study will provide useful information to developing the special agricultural products
Key world：Citrulline、Citrullus lanatus、Antioxidant、anti-inflammatory

目錄
致謝……………………………………………………………………......Ⅳ
中文摘要…………………………………………………………………..Ⅴ
英文摘要…………………………………………………………………..Ⅵ
表次………………………………………………………………………..Ⅹ
圖次………………………………………………………………………..Ⅸ
第一章、文獻整理
1.1 西瓜介紹……………………………………………………………….1
1.1.1嘉寶瓜介紹………………………………………………………3
1.2瓜胺酸…………………………………………………………………..4
1.2.1瓜胺酸的簡介……………………………………………………4
1.2.2瓜胺酸代謝途徑…………………………………………………4
1.2.3瓜胺酸的機能性…………………………………………………5
1.2.4天然萃取之瓜胺酸與高血壓的關係……………………………6
1.3高效能液相層析………………………………………………………..7
1.3.1高效能液相層析發展史…………………………………………7
1.3.2高效能液相層析測定胺基酸……………………………………8
1.4自由基……………………………………………………………..…..11
1.4.1自由基之定義……………………………………………..……11
1.4.2自由基的來源與種類…………………………………………..12
1.4.3自由基對人體影響及相關疾病………………………………..14
1.4.4抗氧化防禦能力………………………………………………..17
1.5發炎反應………………………………………………………………20
1.5.1發炎反應發生…………………………………………………..20
1.5.2巨噬細胞介紹……………………..……………………………21
1.5.3脂多醣(LPS)活化巨噬細胞之成因……………………..…21
1.5.4促發炎反應之物質…………………………….……………….22
1.5.4.1一氧化氮(NO)與eNOS、iNOS、nNOS………………..…..22
1.5.4.2 α型腫瘤壞死因子………………………………………...24
1.6細胞週期………………………………………………………………24
1.7細胞凋亡………………………………………………………………26
1.7.1細胞凋亡與細胞壞死的差異…………………………………..26
第二章、探討嘉寶瓜不同(品種、部位、方式)萃取瓜胺酸的含量之比較
2.1前言………………………………………………………………29
2.2材料與方法………………………………………………………31
2.2.1實驗儀器…………………………………………………..31
2.2.2實驗藥品………………………………….……………….31
2.2.3材料………………………………………………………..31
2.2.4藥品配置…………………………………………………..32
2.2.5 HPLC條件……………….………………………………..32
2.2.6樣品製備…………………………………………………..32
2.2.7嘉寶瓜成分分析…………………………………………..33
2.2.7.1不同萃取方式瓜胺酸之比較………………………33
2.2.7.2不同部位瓜胺酸含量之比較………………………34
2.2.7.3不同品種瓜胺酸含量之比較………………….…..34
2.2.7.4游離胺基酸之測定………………………………....35
2.2.7.5可溶性蛋白(BSA)………………………………….35
2.2.8抗氧化分析………………………………………………..36
2.2.8.1總酚…………………………………………………36
2.2.8.2自由基清除能力測定(DPPH)……………………...36
2.2.8.3總類胡蘿蔔…………………………………………36
2.2.8.4總類黃酮……………………………………………37
2.2.8.5茄紅素………………………………………………37
2.2.8.6維生素C…………………………………………….37
2.2.9 結果與討論……………………………………………….39
第三章、探討嘉寶瓜細胞體外試驗之效果
3.1前言…………………………………………………………..…..48
3.2材料與方法…………………………………………………..…..49
3.2.1實驗儀器………………………………………………..…49
3.2.2實驗藥品…………………………………………………..49
3.2.3藥品配置…………………………………………………..49
3.2.4巨噬細胞與心肌細胞之MTT測定………………………49
3.2.5 NO與TNF-a………………………………………………51
3.2.5.1一氧化氮(NO)……………………………………...51
3.2.5.2腫瘤壞死因子(TNF-a)……………………………..51
3.2.6 乳酸去氫酶測試(LDH assay)……………………………52
3.2.7 細胞凋亡…………………………………………………53
3.3統計分析…………………………………………………………54
3.4結果與討論………………………………………………………55
結論……………………………………………………………………….59
參考文獻………………………………………………………………….60

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