臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究旨在探討中、英文近代流行歌曲中的聯覺隱喻現象。以2006年到2015年的中英文流行歌曲為語料來源，包括496首中文及485首英文歌曲。理論架構分別以Lien (1994) 閩南語 (Southern Min) 聯覺研究和Williams (1976) 針對英文聯覺現象所提出的階層分布 (hierarchical distribution) 為基礎，分析、解釋2006-2015年的中英文流行歌曲所含的聯覺隱喻現象。此外，也藉由聯覺隱喻來探討中、英文聯覺中的語言變遷、語言共通性及語言差異性等特質。最後，愛情為主的聯覺隱喻亦為另一研究重點。
研究結果顯示，聯覺隱喻的應用在中、英文流行歌曲中具兩語言獨特之處，亦享有共通性。首先，中文歌曲中聯覺詞的總數超過英文歌曲聯覺詞的數量的兩倍。而與英文相比，中文聯覺詞語組合的種類也較具多樣性。然而，觸覺及空間感覺都是中、英文歌曲中首選的感官詞來源 (source domains)，而情緒、聽覺、視覺感官詞則是聯覺轉換中主要的修飾感官( target domains)。再來，當中文歌曲的聯覺詞及英文歌曲的聯覺詞分別與Lien (1994) 和Day (1996) 的研究結果比較時，皆可以發現語言的變遷現象。另外，觸覺-情緒、空間-情緒、視覺-情緒 的聯覺轉換組合為中英文歌曲中最常見的三種聯覺詞組成現象，這顯示出語言共通性也存在於聯覺詞中。最後，將中、英文歌曲中與愛相關的聯覺詞和中、英文歌曲中對於愛常見的概念隱喻比較後，可發現，不論聯覺隱喻或是概念隱喻，兩者皆傾向於用身體實際的經驗去描述較為抽象的概念—愛。藉由探究中英文歌曲裡的聯覺隱喻詞語，本研究發現聯覺並非僅為一個抽象概念，而是普遍存在於人們所使用的歌詞中的應用現象。

This study explores synaesthesia in Mandarin Chinese and English pop song lyrics from 2006-2015. Chinese data were amassed from the 100 Yearly Hot Singles Selection Activity held by Hit-Fm, and the top 50 Mandarin Chinese pop songs were chosen. As for English, the lyrics of the top 50 English singles were selected based on the Billboard Hot 100 year-end chart. In sum, 496 Mandarin songs from 2006 to 2015 were collected with four insufficient, while 485 English songs with 15 redundant were included for analysis. Williams’s hierarchical distribution (1976) of English synaesthetic transfer and Lien’s synaesthetic scheme (1994) were taken as the frameworks to decipher the findings. This thesis aims at discovering (1) the synaesthesia in Mandarin Chinese and English songs; (2) the differences in the application of synaesthetic metaphors over time; (3) language universal and diversity in Mandarin Chinese and English synaesthesia; (4) love synaesthesia in songs. Major findings were revealed. To begin with, synaesthetic metaphors in Mandarin Chinese and English pop song lyrics differ from each other in some ways, but also possess some mutual traits. The total synesthesia tokens found in Mandarin Chinese are more than double the number of those identified in English. Besides, Mandarin Chinese has more variants of synaesthetic mapping than English does. On the other hand, both Mandarin Chinese and English are inclined to regard touch and dimension as the first option for source domain while emotion, sound, and vision are their favorite target domains. Second, language change can be found via diachronically comparing the Mandarin Chinese results with Lien’s (1994) research. English synaesthesia also undergoes language change when it is juxtaposed with the findings of Day (1996). Third, touch-emotion, dimension-emotion, and vision-emotion are the prevalent shared synaesthetic mapping types between the two languages. The broad application of the three forms of synaesthesia in Mandarin Chinese and English indicates that language universality is embedded in synaesthetic usages. Aside from universal tendencies, Mandarin Chinese and English have different wordings for creating the synaesthetic metaphors of the same category. Lastly, love-related synaesthesia shares common characteristics with the conceptual metaphors regarding love in songs. The abstract idea of love is often illustrated via one’s physical perceptions. Synaesthesia is not an unattainable phenomenon; rather, it is ubiquitous. The present study has affirmed that synaesthesia is omnipresent, since it is discovered both in Mandarin Chinese pop songs and English ones.

Table of Contents
摘要 I
Abstract II
Acknowledgements IV
Table of Contents V
List of Tables VII
List of Figures VIII
Conventions IX
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
Motivation 1
Research Focus and Significance 2
Research Questions 3
Arrangement of the Present Study 5
Chapter 2 Literature Review 6
Synaesthesia and Language 6
Hierarchical Distribution of Synaesthesia 8
Synaesthetic Metaphors in Chinese and English 12
Metaphorical Expressions of Love Songs 15
Chapter 3 Methodology 18
Source and Target Domains 18
The Theoretical Frameworks of Synaesthetic Transfer19
Williams’s synaesthetic metaphor scheme of English(1976). 19
Lien’s synaesthetic metaphor scheme of Southern Min (1994). 19
Definition of Senses 20
Data Collection and Coding 24
Collecting data 24
Coding data 26
Chapter 4 Results 28
Synaesthesia in Mandarin Chinese Pop Song Lyrics 28
Synaesthesia of touch 29
Synaesthesia of temperature 31
Synaesthesia of taste 33
Synaesthesia of vision 35
Synaesthesia of color 37
Synaesthesia of dimension 38
Synaesthesia of sound 40
Synaesthesia of emotion 42
Synaesthesia of smell 44
Synaesthesia in English Pop Song Lyrics 45
Synaesthesia of touch 46
Synaesthesia of temperature 47
Synaesthesia of taste ＆ smell 48
Synaesthesia of vision 49
Synaesthesia of color 51
Synaesthesia of dimension 51
Synaesthesia of sound 52
Synaesthesia of emotion 53
The Discrepancy in Synaesthetic Transfer between Mandarin Chinese and English 54
The Similarity in Synaesthetic Transfer between Mandarin Chinese and English 57
Chapter 5 Discussion 59
Changes in Synaesthetic Metaphors 59
Language Universality in Synaesthesia 63
Language Diversity in Synaesthesia 65
Exploring More about Love from Synaesthetic Transfer 67
Chapter 6 Conclusion 72
Brief Recapitulation 72
Contribution of the Current Study 74
Suggestions for Future Research 74
References 76

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