臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

國內報業在開放報禁後逐漸邁入競爭激烈的市場型態，各報先後朝以讀者需求與利潤為依歸的市場導向模式發展，而《蘋果日報》於2003年在台灣發行之後，再度對台灣報業市場產生一次極大衝擊。本研究聚焦在報紙政治新聞，觀察以往以硬性資訊為主的政治新聞在此脈絡下是否也受其影響開始出現或加劇原有的「小報化」傾向。

本研究以《自由時報》、《中國時報》、《聯合報》三大報的前三版政治新聞做為「非小報」的政治新聞樣本，並以《蘋果日報》在台發行當年、以及前後三年（2000年、2003年與2006年）做為分析期間，採用量化內容分析法，比較這三階段政治新聞的報導形式、內容與風格等面向。

在形式面，國內報紙政治新聞的報導內文篇幅並沒有顯著的減少跡象，其標題與搭配的照片面積也沒有明顯增大，改變最大之處在於報紙政治新聞搭配刊登照片的新聞比例逐漸提高，使得整體版面呈現出更加視覺圖像導向的「小報化」形式特色。

在內容面，本研究發現在報導主題的轉變上，關乎政府政策與國會等較具公共性質的新聞量明顯減少、針對政治醜聞的報導明顯增加；然而，聚焦單一政治人物的個人化報導，多年來卻維持一定比例沒有明顯增加，這部分並不吻合「小報化」的新聞主題發展。

在風格面，政治人物的個人報導朝軟性化發展，含納更多私領域動態或是人情趣味元素；而記者在撰寫特稿與評論時，更容易以明顯字句對特定政治人物或黨派進行負面批評；聚焦政治衝突的新聞量雖然沒有顯著增加，但衝突事件的主角卻也逐漸轉移到政治人物彼此的個人恩怨上。

最後，本研究以四個客觀性報導處理手法做為觀察指標，檢視國內政治新聞報導是否受「小報化」負面影響而在新聞專業與報導素質上做出讓步。在純淨新聞裡不摻記者個人意見、和明確提供消息來源等基本處理方式上，《蘋果日報》登台前後的政治新聞差異並不大；然而，國內報紙政治新聞的解釋與評論性質報導卻帶有了更多的黨派色彩，且平衡陳述對立意見的報導比例也逐漸減少。

Apple Daily has made an impact on the strongly competitive newspaper market in Taiwan since its publication in 2003, spilling over tabloid news values into other media outlets. This study focuses solely on traditionally serious and hard political news and sets out to examine whether it has been influenced, or tabloidized, over time.

Quantitative content analysis on political news items from three largest non-tabloid newspapers - Liberty Times, United Daily and China Times - was carried out and measured at three different levels: form, main topic and style. News samples were randomly selected in 2000, 2003 and 2006.

In terms of form, more and more political news incorporated visual elements, such as photographs, as means for presenting information, while the page space devoted to text remained relatively stable. As for main topic, the overall decrease of coverage on government, parliament and policies was evident, and the focus has been shifted toward political scandal. With regard to style, the personalized coverage on political figures was done with a more softer approach by focusing more on human interest stories. And personal conflicts of politicians were highlighted in coverage on political conflict.

Finally, measurement of objective reporting was adopted to gauge whether there was an overall decrease in journalistic standards of political reporting. The results were mixed. While the basic practices of not presenting subjective opinion and anonymous news source were maintained over the period, the news comments have become more partisan and the balanced presentation of conflicting political views has decreased.

謝辭 ……………………………………………………………………… i
摘要 ……………………………………………………………………… iii
目錄 ……………………………………………………………………… vii
第一章　緒論
第一節　研究背景 ………………………………………………… 01
第二節　研究目的 ………………………………………………… 08
第二章　文獻探討
第一節　政治新聞及其轉變 ……………………………………… 11
第二節　小報與小報化 …………………………………………… 22
第三節　政治新聞小報化的特色 ………………………………… 30
第四節　國內相關研究 …………………………………………… 41
第五節　研究問題 ………………………………………………… 45
第三章　研究方法
第一節　分析樣本 ………………………………………………… 47
第二節　纇目建構 ………………………………………………… 52
第三節　編碼與信度檢測 …………………………………………… 57
第四節　資料處理 ………………………………………………… 59
第四章　資料分析結果
第一節　報紙政治新聞報導形式的轉變 …………………………… 61
第二節　報紙政治新聞報導主題的轉變 …………………………… 70
第三節　報紙政治新聞報導風格的轉變 …………………………… 78
第四節　報紙政治新聞客觀處理報導的轉變 ……………………… 88
第五節 三大報政治新聞綜合比較 ………………………………… 95
第六節　小結 ……………………………………………………… 101
第五章　結論與討論
第一節　主要研究發現 …………………………………………… 105
第二節　綜合討論 ………………………………………………… 112
第三節　研究限制與建議 …………………………………………… 119
參考書目 ………………………………………………………………… 123
附錄
附錄一 編碼表 ……………………………………………………… 131
附錄二 編碼須知 ………………………………………………… 134

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