臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

植物於淹水逆境下，需面對因氧氣缺乏所造成的兩種傷害：能量不足及有毒代謝產物之累積。番木瓜乃一極不耐淹水之果樹，本試驗以無氧呼吸產物–酒精對番木瓜種子進行篩選，並以氮氣模擬低氧逆境，對番木瓜種子及葉片作缺氧耐受力之檢測，期能建立較為迅速且方便之篩選模式。
結果顯示，酒精處理會降低種子發芽率，並延長發芽時間，此效果隨著酒精量及處理時間增加而提升，又以1.0 mL / 4 L之酒精處理3天之效果最為明顯，顯示酒精具有妨礙種子正常生理運作之功能。而以此篩選12品種種子，雖其平均發芽天數顯著較長，但發芽率與對照組差異不大，顯示以酒精處理對種子發芽狀況進行篩檢時，可能受其它因素影響，需再進一步評估。以此幼苗進行淹水處理2天，其外觀及葉綠素螢光均無顯著變化。
而將種子於播種後0、5、10、15及20天以氮氣進行缺氧(氧氣濃度<5%)處理，其發芽率明顯下降，平均發芽天數增加，尤以播種後10天為最。參考本批種子之發芽時程，此時期恰為種子發芽初期，故此階段對缺氧較為敏感，可作為一篩選指標。另以氮氣處理葉片36小時後，其膜體穩定指數及葉綠素螢光値(Fv/Fm)會顯著降低，且成熟葉之反應較新葉及老葉敏感。膜體穩定指數與葉綠素螢光値之變化呈顯著正相關，故可以非破壞性的葉綠素螢光檢測來反映細胞的損傷程度。以此條件篩選17品種之番木瓜成株，‘PPI×ML-F2’可維持最高之葉綠素螢光值，‘Exotica’則最低，此結果可供往後淹水試驗參考之用。

When waterlogged, plants suffer two injuries: accumulation of toxic metabolites and lack of energy caused by the shortage of oxygen. Papaya (Carica papaya L.) is severely waterlogging intolerant and was used to study two methods of sorting seeds for waterlogging tolerance. The first method exposed papaya seeds to ethanol, a toxic metabolic that is the product of anaerobic respiration. The second was to establish an accelerated method of sorting by exposing papaya seeds and leaves to hypoxic (lack of oxygen) stress which was simulated by nitrogen gas.
Results showed that the ethanol treatment of ‘TN2’ papaya seeds reduced their germination percentage and extended their germination time in direct correlation to the amount of ethanol and duration of the treatment. The most significant results were seen at 1.0 mL/ 4L ethanol for 3 days in which 66% of the seeds did not germinate and few that did required 15 days to germinate, a process that only takes 10 days under normal conditions. This suggested that the physiological function of seed was obstructed by ethanol. Twelve cultivar seeds were then sorted using this treatment (1.0 mL/4L ethanol for 3 days). The mean germination time of the seeds was increased significantly but the changes in germination were non-significant when compared to the control group. This may indicate that germination of the seeds, which were pretreated with ethanol, might also have been affected by other factors, but this requires further study to confirm. After the ethanol-germination tests, the resulting seedlings underwent waterlogging experiments in which the seedlings were immersed in water for 2 days. The appearance of the seedlings and chlorophyll fluorescence of the leaves did not change significantly.
Nitrogen gas created an oxygen deficient (oxygen concentration was below 5%) condition to which ‘TN2’ papaya seeds were exposed at 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 days after being sown. The germination decreased significantly while the mean germination time increased, especially in the seeds that were exposed to nitrogen on the 10th day after being sown. This is the point in the germination process when the seeds are the most sensitive to oxygen deficiency. Therefore, this treatment can be used as an indicator for sorting. In the nitrogen gas treatment of leaves, the membrane stability index and chlorophyll fluorescence of the leaves of adult papaya plants decreased significantly after 36 hours, more so for mature leaves than for new and older leaves. Changes in the membrane stability index and chlorophyll fluorescence showed a positive correlation; therefore, chlorophyll fluorescence test were used to quickly sort 17 cultivars of papaya for possible waterlogging tolerance. ‘PPI x ML-F2’ was found to maintain the highest chlorophyll fluorescence and ‘Exotica’ showed the lowest chlorophyll fluorescence.

中文摘要.................................................. i
Summary...................................................ii
圖目錄.....................................................v
表目錄....................................................vi
壹、前言...................................................1
貳、前人研究...............................................2
一、番木瓜概述.............................................2
二、淹水逆境...............................................3
三、植物於淹水逆境下之生理反應.............................4
四、淹水對種子發芽之影響...................................9
五、葉綠素螢光............................................10
六、氮氣於缺氧逆境之應用..................................11
參、材料方法..............................................12
一、酒精蒸氣對番木瓜種子發芽及幼苗淹水耐受力之影響........12
二、氮氣對番木瓜種子及葉片缺氧耐受力之影響................14
肆、結果..................................................18
一、酒精蒸氣對番木瓜種子發芽及幼苗淹水耐受力之影響........18
二、氮氣對番木瓜種子及葉片缺氧耐受力之影響................20
伍、討論..................................................40
一、酒精蒸氣對番木瓜種子發芽及幼苗淹水耐受力之影響........40
二、氮氣對番木瓜種子及葉片缺氧耐受力之影響................42
參考文獻..................................................46

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