臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

隨著環境的變遷，促使企業朝向國際化發展，因此，在全球化競爭的趨勢下，僅靠單個企業資源或是區域性供應鏈資源，已無法面對如此激烈的競爭市場。且企業為了因應客戶訂單不斷的湧入，在既有的製造廠區中，無法完成所有訂單的需求數量，考量整體環境與利益因素後，必定會採取增加製造廠區或外包策略，以擴大本身的產能，提升企業的接單能力，以免錯失訂單承接的機會，企業所面臨的問題也延伸到複雜的多廠區的產能規劃問題。廠區因為製造特性與產品特性的不同，廠區並非可以生產任一產品，顧客所發出一種或多種產品類型的訂單，此時企業必須考量訂單上與工廠可生產的產品種類是否相同，再合理的運用有限的產能生產訂單需求的產品。因此，當企業在進行全球運籌管理或供應鏈管理時，如何進行全球分工且在有限資源下提供顧客最滿意的服務，是目前企業所面臨之重要課題。
本研究旨在探討在CTO環境下，考量如何承接各地通路商所提供顧客的確定性（包含已允諾與未允諾）訂單與具有機率因素之潛在性訂單，並分析不同組裝廠區與模組廠區間的生產特性與限制因素，提出從訂單承接至多廠區產能配置的整體流程，運用有限的產能於適合的訂單，並隨著週期訂單的改變調整產能配置計畫，以滿足顧客需求。流程中並建構ㄧ訂單承接與多廠區產能配置模式，利用此模式求得對企業而言利潤最大的訂單組合與各組裝廠區與各模組廠區產能配置，提供後續的短期產能規劃與生產排程建議順序。並針對潛在性訂單發生變化時，對訂單承接組合以及各組裝廠區與模組廠區的產能配置有何影響，並快速有效配置廠區資源，達到整體利潤最高的目標。

The change of the environment makes enterprises step on globalization. As a result, enterprises relying on the sole proprietorship resource or local supply chain can’t survive in the trend of globalization. Besides, enterprises can’t digest the huge ongoing orders requested by clients immediately and have to consider the possibility of out sourcing in order to expand their capacity and order taking capacity. However, enterprises face the problem of multiple factories capacity scheduling. Factories might be unable to manufacture specified product because of the difference of characteristics. On the other hand, enterprises must consider the feasibility that client’s orders is in accordance with the factories. Therefore, it’s the major concern for enterprise to understand the global resource deployment as well as provide satisfying customer service as developing supply chain management.
The purpose of the research focuses on how to synchronize the distributor’s orders (and potential) providing to clients under the CTO environment. Besides, we analyze production characteristics and the restrictions among the different assembly factory districts and the molding factory districts , propose a pattern of capacity deployment for the single and multiple orders, apply the limited capacity to suitable orders, and adjust the capacity deployment with cycle orders in order to meet customer needs. On the other hand, we utilize the pattern to compute the set of orders with maximum profits for the enterprises and capacity deployment among the different assembly factory districts and the molding factory districts. Consequently, we provide the short-term capacity plan and manufacturing scheduling suggestion .Finally, we probe into the influence of capacity deployment among factories under the change of potential orders and develop an effective solution to integrate resource and maximize the profits.

摘要 ............................................................................................................................... i
Abstract .......................................................................................................................... ii
致謝 ..............................................................................................................................iii
圖目錄 ......................................................................................................................... vii
表目錄 ........................................................................................................................viii
第一章 緒論 ............................................................................................................... 1
1.1 研究背景與動機 ......................................................................................... 1
1.2 研究目的......................................................................................................... 4
1.3 研究範圍與限制............................................................................................. 5
1.4 研究方法與步驟............................................................................................. 6
1.5 論文架構......................................................................................................... 9
第二章 文獻探討 ....................................................................................................... 11
2.1 生產環境....................................................................................................... 11
2.1.1 生產環境的改變................................................................................ 11
2.1.2 生產環境特性.................................................................................... 12
2.2 多廠區產能規劃相關文獻........................................................................... 14
2.2.1 多廠區生產系統介紹........................................................................ 14
2.2.2 訂單分配............................................................................................ 19
2.2.3 產能配置............................................................................................ 21
2.2.4 需求確定性與需求不確定性產能規劃問題比較............................ 23
2.2.5 小結.................................................................................................... 25
2.3 多廠區產能規劃方法之探討....................................................................... 25
2.3.1 數學模式.......................................................................................... 25
2.3.2 模擬方法.......................................................................................... 29
2.3.3 小結.................................................................................................. 31
第三章 問題描述與研究方法 ................................................................................... 32
3.1 名詞定義....................................................................................................... 32
3.2 問題描述....................................................................................................... 34
3.3 問題定義....................................................................................................... 36
3.3 研究方法....................................................................................................... 44
第四章 訂單承接與多廠區產能配置模式發展 ....................................................... 52
4.1 訂單承接與多廠區產能配置模式描述....................................................... 52
4.2 訂單承接與多廠區產能配置模式架構....................................................... 55
4.3 建立訂單承接與多廠區產能配置模式....................................................... 56
4.3.1 假設與限制條件 ........................................................................... 56
4.3.2 已知條件 ......................................................................................... 58
4.3.3 相關變數說明................................................................................ 58
4.3.4 問題模式建立 ................................................................................ 62
4.3.5 模式說明 ......................................................................................... 64
第五章 實驗結果與分析 ........................................................................................... 72
5.1 範例描述....................................................................................................... 72
5.2 實驗初始資料建立....................................................................................... 73
5.3 訂單承接與多廠區產能配置模式求解....................................................... 74
5.4 訂單承接與多廠區產能配置模式求解結果............................................... 81
5.5 敏感度分析................................................................................................... 92
5.6.1 潛在性顧客訂單資訊獲得程度之敏感度分析................................ 93
5.6.2 模組廠區生產週期與最高存貨水準之敏感度分析........................ 97
5.6.2 模組廠區期最高存貨水準之敏感度分析........................................ 99
第六章 結論與建議 ................................................................................................. 101
6.1 結論............................................................................................................. 101
6.2 未來方向..................................................................................................... 102
參考文獻 ................................................................................................................... 103
附錄一 ...................................................................................................................... 109
附錄二 ...................................................................................................................... 114


圖目錄
圖1.1 製造業海外投資圖............................................................................................ 3
圖1.2 模式架構圖........................................................................................................ 7
圖1.3 研究方法與進行步驟圖.................................................................................... 9
圖1.4 論文架構圖...................................................................................................... 10
圖2.1 多廠區生產規劃與控制系統........................................................................... 16
圖2.2 多廠區生產規劃邏輯架構.............................................................................. 18
圖3.1 本研究供應鏈上的資訊流與物流示意圖...................................................... 37
圖3.2 潛在性訂單成交機率分布圖.......................................................................... 38
圖3.3 模組廠區與組裝廠區生產能力限制示意圖.................................................. 40
圖3.4 產品組成結構示意圖...................................................................................... 41
圖3.5 存貨模式( R , S )系統示意圖 .......................................................................... 42
圖3.6 訂單承接與多廠區產能配置流程圖.............................................................. 46
圖3.7 模式考量各時間點示意圖.............................................................................. 51
圖4.1 訂單分配問題複雜度示意圖.......................................................................... 53
圖4.2 廠區產能使用狀態示意圖.............................................................................. 53
圖4.3 建模程序概念圖.............................................................................................. 54
圖4.4 訂單承接與多廠區產能配置模式架構圖...................................................... 56
圖5.1 各訂單產品開始組裝時間示意圖.................................................................. 91
圖5.2 各訂單最晚開始時間示意圖.......................................................................... 92
圖5.3 各規劃區間拒絕訂單時間示意圖.................................................................. 92
圖5.4 組裝廠1 產品存貨圖...................................................................................... 96
圖5.5 組裝廠2 產品存貨圖...................................................................................... 96
圖5.6 組裝廠3 產品存貨圖...................................................................................... 96
圖5.7 組裝廠4 產品存貨圖...................................................................................... 97


表目錄
表2-1 製造業生產環境改變比較表 ......................................................................... 12
表2-2 不同生產環境之特徵 ..................................................................................... 13
表2-3 單廠與多廠之特性比較 ................................................................................. 17
表2-4 需求確定v.s 需求不確定產能規劃之比較 ................................................... 24
表2-5 產能規劃相關文獻表 ..................................................................................... 28
表3-1 研究用語一覽表 .......................................................................................... 32
表3-2 工時貢獻度介紹表 ......................................................................................... 45
表4-1 常數說明表 ..................................................................................................... 59
表4-2 相關下標代號表 ............................................................................................. 59
表4-3 相關參數表 ..................................................................................................... 59
表4-4 相關成本參數表 ............................................................................................. 60
表4-5 組裝廠決策變數 ............................................................................................. 61
表4-6 模組廠決策變數 ............................................................................................. 61
表5-1 訂單產品相關資訊表 ..................................................................................... 75
表5-2 未允諾之確定性訂單需求資料 ..................................................................... 75
表5-3 潛在性訂單需求資料 ..................................................................................... 76
表5-4 各規劃區間各潛在性訂單成交機率值表 ..................................................... 77
表5-5 產品物料清單表 ............................................................................................. 77
表5-6 組裝廠區資訊表 ............................................................................................. 78
表5-7 產品組裝時間表 ............................................................................................. 78
表5-8 模組廠區資訊表 ............................................................................................. 79
表5-9 各產品所需之總工時表 ................................................................................. 79
表5-10 產品利潤表 ................................................................................................... 79
表5-11 組裝廠區產品組裝成本表 ........................................................................... 80
表5-12 組裝廠區產品庫存成本 ............................................................................... 80
表5-13 模組廠區模組生產成本表 ........................................................................... 80
表5-14 模組廠區模組庫存成本 ............................................................................... 80
表5-15 模組廠區模組運送成本 ............................................................................... 80
表5-16 模組廠區模組設置成本 ............................................................................... 81
表5-17 各規劃區間利潤表 ....................................................................................... 82
表5-18 總利潤表 ....................................................................................................... 82
表5-19 各規劃區間各顧客訂單允諾結果表 ........................................................... 83
表5-20 各組裝廠區投產計畫表 ................................................................................ 85
表5-21 各組裝廠區產品存貨表 ................................................................................ 86
表5-22 模組廠1 運輸計畫 ........................................................................................ 86
表5-23 模組廠2 運輸計畫 ........................................................................................ 87
表5-24 模組廠3 運輸計畫 ........................................................................................ 87
表5-25 模組廠1 模組存貨表 .................................................................................... 88
表5-26 模組廠2 模組存貨表 .................................................................................... 88
表5-27 模組廠3 模組存貨表 .................................................................................... 89
表5-28 模組廠1 投產計畫 ........................................................................................ 89
表5-29 模組廠2 投產計畫 ........................................................................................ 90
表5-30 模組廠3 投產計畫 ........................................................................................ 90
表5-31 各潛在性顧客資訊獲得程度利潤表 ........................................................... 93
表5-32 獲得所有訂單成交資訊各訂單允諾結果表 ............................................... 93
表5-33 所有訂單資訊皆未獲得各訂單允諾結果表 ............................................... 94
表5-34 獲得部份成交資訊各組裝廠區產品存貨表 ................................................ 94
表5-35 獲得所有成交資訊各組裝廠區產品存貨表 ................................................ 95
表5-36 所有成交資訊皆未獲得各組裝廠區產品存貨表 ........................................ 95
表5-37 不同R 之總利潤變化表............................................................................... 98
表5-37 不同R 之總利潤變化表............................................................................... 99

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