臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

太陽能電池模組封裝材料，其主要功能為保護太陽能電池不受外在環境影響，最常使用在保護太陽能電池的封裝組件為EVA膜，但EVA膜經過光化學反應與熱化學反應，會對它的材料產生變化而導致黃化與褐變的現象產生，這將嚴重導致太陽能模組發電效率的降低。本研究使用各種光老化試驗機與不同的環境加速機台，來模擬長期曝曬的戶外環境下，對太陽能封裝材料產生的影響且對此議題建立研究方法。本研究在無玻璃封裝的EVA模針對高溫高濕、濕冷凍與熱循環等三種加速溫度與濕度的模擬環境進行實驗研究。結果通過黃化係數與穿透頻譜的量來探討不同環境對實驗樣品影響，並發現在高溫停留的時間是造成樣品黃化的主要原因。針對以玻璃為表面而內部僅封裝EVA膠的樣品，本研究亦使用一紫外脈衝光老化雷射機台，來模擬各樣品長期曝曬下之情形，其結果可與一般光老化機台比較彼此模擬時間，一般紫外螢光燈管老化試驗機照射紫外累積劑量50kWh/m2需約1200小時左右，而使用脈衝能量10 mJ的紫外脈衝雷射機台來實驗之下，僅需約5~10小時即有相同黃化之效果。實驗結果也通過拉曼系統來量測樣品的化學變化。由結果可以發現，使用紫外脈衝光老化雷射可以大幅度加速樣品光老化速度，對於太陽能封裝材料驗證方面，有相當大的幫助。

Encapsulation material plays an important role in PV modules, whose main function is to serve as adhesive and protect cells against environmental factors. It is also a component which is obviously susceptible to be aged. The most widely used encapsulation material for PV modules is Ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA). In order to find out the UV light effect of encapsulation materials, we use light aging test machine and accelerated weathering machine to simulate some conditions of PV modules. In this study, we have utilized standalone EVA encapsulant in weathering test, such as damp heat, thermal cycle and humidity freeze. The result is get through the process of yellowness index and the transmittance spectrum, and it helps to investigate the effects of samples in different environments. The main reason causing yellowing sample is the remaining time of high temperature. For samples of glass/EVA/glass, we also compare the accelerated degradation of sample either by using accelerated weathering machine or by using UV pulse laser. According to our testing results, we find that △YI of sample shows a linear function of UV dosage as the cumulative UV dosage is in the range of 20 kWh/m2~70 kWh/ m2.The testing time to cause the yellowing effect by using UV fluorescent tubes is about 1200 hours, while by using UV pulse laser is about 5~10 hours. Our new approach by using UV pulse laser will be helpful for us to study the accelerated UV aging test. The experimental samples are also measured by the Raman system. The results show that the aging rate of sample can be greatly accelerated by using the pulsed UV laser light. It will be great help for the qualification and testing of solar packaging materials.

目錄
致謝 I
摘要 III
Abstract IV
圖目錄 VII
表目錄 X
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 前言 1
1.2文獻回顧 2
1.3 研究動機與目的 4
第二章 太陽能電池相關介紹與研究理論基礎 5
2.1 太陽能電池模組介紹 5
2.1.1前表面材料 6
2.1.2密封劑 7
2.1.3背板 9
2.2 太陽能電池介紹 10
2.2.1 單晶矽太陽能電池 10
2.2.2 多晶矽太陽能電池 11
2.2.3 非晶矽太陽能電池 11
2.3 黃化現象 13
第三章 實驗儀器與操作流程 15
3.1 實驗流程 15
3.1.1未封裝之封裝材料 15
3.1.2封裝過後之封裝材料(Glass/EVA/Glass) 19
3.2 實驗儀器操作方法 20
3.2.1 溫溼度老化試驗機 20
3.2.2 光老化試驗機 21
3.2.3 色彩色差計(KONICA MINOLTA CR-40) 23
3.2.4 太陽能電池分光頻譜響應量測系統 24
3.2.5 拉曼光譜儀(Raman Spectrometer) 26
第四章 結果與討論 27
4.1 未封裝之封裝材料 27
4.1.1 溫度循環測試 (Thermal Cycling Test) 30
4.1.2 濕冷凍測試(Humidity-freeze test) 33
4.1.3 濕熱測試(Damp heat test) 36
4.1.4 綜合討論 39
4.2封裝過後之封裝材料(Glass/EVA/Glass) 42
4.2.1紫外線試驗(UV-resistance test) 43
4.2.2紫外脈衝雷射老化試驗 47
4.2.3綜合分析與討論 53
第五章 結語與未來研究發展 57
第六章 參考文獻 61
附錄 63
附錄(一) 65
附錄(二) 68
附錄(三) 72
附錄(四) 77

第六章 參考文獻
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