臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

從 1994 年 3 月到 12 月，以每月的生殖腺指數和生殖腺切片數據， 分析台灣北部野柳（ 121.4。 E, 25.1。 N ）沿岸紫海膽Anthocidaris crassispina 和口鰓海膽 Stomopneustes variolaris
族群的生殖週期。 結果顯示：紫海膽的產卵期為 7 月至 9 月，介於日本 (32.8。 Ｎ, 7 月至 8 月 ) 和香港 (22.2。Ｎ, 6 月至 10 月
) 的族群之間。口鰓海膽的產卵期為 6 月至 10 月，較南非 (30.5。S, 12 月至 1 月,) 的族群為長。
在 6 月至 9 月間， 以 0.5M KCl注射紫海膽和口鰓海膽， 促使其分別排出精和卵，進行人工受精。受精卵孵化後， 將浮游的幼生飼養在 2L 的燒杯中，加 1.5L 的過濾海水，水溫為 25 ℃，鹽度為 35ppm，攪拌 (10 rpm)，不照光，每天換水， 換燒杯， 換水後添加餌料 (104 cells/ml 的東港等鞭金藻Isochrysis galbana TK1)。 至6 腕期的晚期幼生以東港等鞭金藻、周氏扁藻 Tetraselmis chui，骨藻 Skeletonema costatum 進行不同藻種及餌料濃度 (104、5 × 104、105 cells/ml) 的實驗。 藻種及餌料濃度的複因子實驗結果顯示：
以東港等鞭金藻對紫海膽幼生的成長發育最好， 且較高的餌料濃度(105 cells/ml) 幼生成長較好； 而口鰓海膽幼生則適應較低的餌料濃度 (104 cells/ml)。根據實驗結果，紫海膽的幼生在水溫 24 ℃，以 105 cells/ ml 的東港等鞭金藻飼育時， 在受精後第 2 天幼生發育至二腕， 第 3 天至四腕， 第 10 天至六腕，第 12 天至八腕，幼生至第 19 天時出現雛體， 並出現 2 個叉棘。 口鰓海膽幼生以 104
cells/ml 的東港等鞭金藻飼育， 水溫維持在 25.0 ± 1.2 ℃，在受精後第 2 天幼生發育至二腕，第 4 天至四腕，第 12 天至六腕， 第14 天至八腕，第 15 天出現第五對腕，幼生發育至第 37 天可觀察到第六對腕，且部分幼生的形態發育出 2 －3 個叉棘，至第 39 天可觀察到有雛體的幼生。

Reproduction periodicities of Anthocidaris crassispina and
Stomopneustes variolaris, around the coastal of Yeh-liu in
northern Taiwan(25.1。N), were studies by compared with monthly
gonad index and histological examination of gonads from Mar. to
Dec. 1994. The spawning period of A. crassispina was from Jul.
to Sep., between the populations of Japan (32.8。N, Jul.- Aug.)
and Hong Kong (22.2。N, Jun.-Oct.). The spawning season of S.
variolaris was from Jun. to Oct., longer than South African (
30.5。S, Dec.-Jan.). Spawning of both sea urchins was initiated
by injection of 0.5M KCI solution. Eggs were rinsed with filt-
ered seawater, fertilization with a dilute suspension of sperm,
and rinsed several times with filtered seawater (35 ppt S).
After hatching, the swimming, pyramidal-shaped larvae were
transferred to 2L beakers filled with 1.5L of filtered seawater. The seawater in the culture beakers were continuously rotated ( 10 rpm ) at 25 ℃ in a dark room and renewed every day. After changed the seawater, the microalgae Isochrysis galbana was used as food for larvae at concentrations of 104 cells / ml.
After 6 -arms stage, larvae were processed by feeding different alga species, I. galbana, Tetraselmis chui and Skeletonema costatum, at different concentrations of 104, 5*104 and 105 cells/ml. The larvae of A. crassispina, fed on I. galbana, grew best, and better at higher algal concentration ( 105 cells/ml).
In contrast, the S. variolaris larvae had the best growth at lower algal concentration ( 104 cells / ml ) and no significant difference between different algal treatments. The larvae of A. crassispina, fed with 105 cells / ml of I. galbana at 24 ℃, reached the 8-arms stage 12d after fertilization. The ruidiment and 2 pedicellariae appeared at 19 d. The larvae of S. variolaris,reared at 104 cells/ml of I. galbana at 25 ℃, reached the 12-arms at 37d. The larvae with ruidiment were found at 39d.