臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

Plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) are beneficial microbes that help plants such as monocotyledons field crops like corn, rice, sugarcane, etc. to grow and produce better yield. However, little research has been done in the production of vegetables such as onions. What is currently understood is that PGPB colonize the interior space of the root system in plants and secret compounds for plant growth. This study consisted of three sections, firstly the isolation of strains from the onion root, rhizosphere and bulb using serial dilution. Secondly, plant growth promoting traits which include indole acetic acid (IAA) production, phosphate solubilization, ACC (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate) deaminase production, and nitrogen fixation were analyzed. And lastly, the vegetative development stage of the onion plant was evaluated using different treatments in pots containing soil. The treatments include eight individual strains, a consortium (mixture of the eight strains), and a control without fertilizer; with half fertilizer; and with full fertilizer. The plants were placed in a growth chamber at 25o C in 1 kg pots and were measured every week for seven weeks. A total of 23 strains were isolated from the three segments of the plant. The data from this study demonstrated that all (100%) the bacteria strains had one or more plant growth promoting traits. Furthermore, the analysis of the data provides evidence that there was statistically significant increase in onion plant growth when the strains were applied singly or in a mixture, respectively.

Acknowledgements i
Abstract ii
1.0 Introduction 1
2.0 Literature Review 3
2.1 Biodiversity of Endophytic Bacteria in Plants 3
2.2 Rhizosphere Effect 4
2.3 Rhizodesposition 4
2.4 Reasons of Microbial Community Assembly in the Endosphere 5
2.5 Distribution of Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria (PGPB) and Colonization Patterns 5
2.6 Colonization Cycle of PGBP in the Host Plant 8
2.7 Vertical Transmission of PGPB 11
2.7.1 Vertical Transfer of via seeds 11
2.7.2 Vertical Transfer via pollen 12
2.8 Horizontal Transmission of PGBP 13
2.8.1 Colonization of Seed and Root via Soil 14
2.8.2 PGBP Colonization of the Spermosphere 14
2.8.3 Colonization of the Root Endosphere via the Rhizosphere 15
2.8.4 Entry into Aerial Tissues 15
2.8.5 Aerial Dispersal of the Plant Microbiome 16
2.8.6 PGBP Leaf Colonization via Stomata 17
2.8.7 Floral Transmission of PGPB 17
2.8.8 PGBP Transmission by Plant-Feeding Insects 18
2.9 Traits for Successful Invasion, Colonization and Translocation of PGBP 19
2.10 PGBP Avoidance of Host Defense 19
2.11 Plant Hormones Signaling Pathways Influence PGBP Colonization 20
2.12 Plant Growth Traits by PGBP 22
2.12.1 ACC (1 aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid) 23
2.12.2 IAA (indole-3-acetic acid) Production 24
2.12.3 Siderophore Production 25
2.12.4 Nitrogen Metabolism 26
2.12.5 Phosphate Solubilization 26
2.13 Drought and Cold Stress Tolerance 28
2.14 Biocontrol of Plant Diseases 28
2.14.1 Preparedness of Plants for Enhanced Defense at Low Physiological Costs 30
2.14.2 Antimicrobial Components of PGBP 30
3.0 Materials and Methods 32
3.1 Collection of Onion Bulbs 32
3.2 Isolation and Serial Dilution of Strains from the Roots 32
3.3 Isolation and Serial Dilution of Strains from the Rhizosphere 33
3.4 Isolation of Strains from the Bulb 34
3.5 Phosphate Solubilization 34
3.6 Indole-acetic acid (IAA) testing 34
3.6.1 Preparation of standard 35
3.7 ACC (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate) deaminase 35
3.8 Nitrogen Fixing Ability 37
3.9 Identification of Strains 38
3.10 Introduction of Traits to Four Vegetable Crops 38
3.11 Soil Pot Trial for Onion Plants 39
3.11.1 Experimental Design 40
3.12 Vermiculite Pot Trial for Onion, Sweet Pepper, Rice and Pac Hoi Plants 42
3.12.1 Experimental Design 42
3.13 Data Analysis 43
4.0 Results and Discussion 44
4.1 Identification of Strains 44
4.2 Phosphorous Solubilization 48
4.3 IAA Production 51
4.4 ACC Deaminase 52
4.5 Nitrogen Fixing Ability 54
4.6 Petri Dish Trial of Eight Bacteria Strains in Sweet Pepper, Pac hoi, Onion and Rice 57
4.7 Soil Pot Experiment for onions 60
4.8 Vermiculite Pot Experiment 63
5.0 Conclusions 68
References 69

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