臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

腐植化物質是土壤、水體及底泥環境中抗分解且長久滯存之高含碳量的穩定聚合物。 腐植化物質依其於水中之溶解度而分為腐植酸（humic acid；HA）、黃酸（fulvic acid；FA）及腐植素（humin）。 光合作用產物之碳水化合物及相關物質為生態系環境中有機碳之重要來源亦為形成腐植化物質之部份先驅物質（precursors）。 此外，元素鎂及氮為葉綠素構造之必要元素，而環境中之可溶性腐植化物質對無機金屬元素（包括Mg）有很強之複合及/或鉗合能力，因此，腐植化物質與落葉中葉綠素分解之反應頗值得探討。 本研究擬選定兩個不同環境條件之森林生態系，探討其土壤中腐植化物質與綠色植物落葉之葉綠素反應。 試驗地點為台灣東北部鴛鴦湖自然保護區之森林以及台灣中部關刀溪水源地集水區之森林。 前者之試驗地有較高之平均海拔及較低之年平均溫。 實驗項目包括，測定土壤樣品之基本性質、萃取及測定不同林分有機質層土壤之腐植化物質與葉綠素，以期了解其中腐植化物質對落葉物質之葉綠素分解之影響。 根據傅立葉轉換紅外線光譜之結果，可知不同森林生態系之土壤腐植化物質的特性及其官能基含量之差異。 根據實驗結果可得，由試區土壤所分離純化的腐植化物質，腐植酸、黃酸、及腐植素，對於葉綠素分解反應有促進的效用。 其影響程度依序為腐植素、腐植酸、與黃酸。

Humic substances are stable complex which could be anti-degraded and stay for a long time in soil, water, and sedimental environment. Humic substances were divided by the solubility in water into three portions: humic acid, fulvic acid, and humin. The carbohydrates of products of photosynthesis are the important sources of organic carbon in ecosystem, and translate into the precursors of humic substances. Besides, the element, Mg and N, are necessary components in the chlorophyll’s structures. The dissolved humic substances have strong ability on complexing and/or chelating inorganic metal, including Mg. Therefore, the reaction between humic substances and the degradation of chlorophylls. The experimental sites are Yuanyang Lake Nature Reserve in the north-eastern Taiwan and Kuantao Stream Forest Ecosystem in the middle of Taiwan. There are higher height and lower annual mean temperature in Yuanyang Lake. In order to know whether humic substances affect the degradation of chlorophylls, the experiment includes to measure basic characteristics of soil samples, to extract humic substances from different forest soils, and to test the relation between humic substances and the degradation of chlorophylls. According to the graphs of FT—IR, they show that humic substances extracted from different soils have different functional groups. And the differences will cause different results. The results show that humic substances could enhance the degradation of chlorophylls, and the degree are humin＞humic acid＞fulvic acid.

目 錄
頁 碼
摘要．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．Ⅰ
目錄．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．Ⅱ
表次．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．Ⅳ
圖次．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．Ⅴ
前言．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． 1
前人研究
一、 腐植質界說．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． 4
二、 腐植質的性狀．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． 6
三、 影響土壤腐植質的性狀的因子．．．．．．．．． 10
四、 森林生態系的穩定作用及其對土壤腐植化物質之影響．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． 13
目的．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． 17
材料與方法
一、 樣點採集．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． 18
二、 土壤性質分析．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． 23
三、 腐植質之萃取與純化．．．．．．．．．．．．． 23
四、 腐植質特性分析．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． 27
五、 土壤腐植化物質對葉綠素分解影響之測定．．．． 28
結果與討論
一、 採樣地點簡介．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． 34
二、 土壤性質分析．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． 35
三、 腐植質特性分析．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． 38
四、 土壤腐植化物質對葉綠素分解的影響．．．．．． 45
結論．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． 58
參考文獻．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． 60
附錄
附錄一、鴛鴦湖自然保留區地理環境介紹．．．．．． 74
附錄二、關刀溪森林生態系地理環境簡介．．．．．． 76

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