臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

竹莖扁蚜(Pseudoregma bambucicola Takahashi)是一種具寄主轉換及造癭特性之社會性蚜蟲，在其生活史循環的大部分世代都是以孤雌生殖的方式繁殖，並展現出複雜的多表現型現象(polyphenism)。在寄主轉換過程中，會在一次寄主植物紅皮(Styrax suberifolius)上造癭並生活於蟲癭內部，在二次寄主植物竹子(Bambusa spp.)上則取食於竹子的莖部表面。不論在一次或二次寄主植物上，複雜的多表現型都包括有無翅型個體、有翅型個體及兵蚜，並且這三種型態的個體在兩種不同寄主植物上的外部形態也有明顯的差異。其中，最特殊的為不孕、形態特化且具防禦行為的兵蚜。為了瞭解兵蚜在分子層次上的特殊表現，本研究利用竹莖扁蚜在兩種寄主植物上的無翅型成蟲和兵蚜共四組轉錄體次世代定序(Next Generation Sequencing, NGS)資料，使用Weighted deviasion來篩選出有表現差異的基因，並以GO(Gene Ontology) enrichment來分析顯著表現的GO註解，最後用Web Gene Ontology Annotation Plot (WEGO)對顯著GO註解分類。結果，我們在不同比較組中找到300至800多不等的差異表現基因。刪去沒有GO註解的基因後，剩下100至300多不等的差異表現基因。經過GO顯著性分析和分類後，在結構分子(structural molecule)分類中找到和表皮結構成分有關的基因。經過整理後，我們發現竹莖扁蚜的兵蚜、無翅型成蟲在表皮結構相關的分類中有各自表現較高的基因，且一次寄主上的蚜蟲和二次寄主上的蚜蟲的表皮表現基因也有差異。差異表現的表皮基因中，有一個預測被歸類為R&R Consensus裡面的基因序列。最後，我們知道竹莖扁蚜的兵蚜有特別表現的基因，推測和表皮的結構有關。竹子兵蚜特別表現的基因則和肌肉的結構有關。

Pseudoregma bambucicola Takahashi is a social aphid characterized with host alternation and gall formation. It reproduces pathenogenetically in most of the generations within a life cycle. It also performs very complex polyphenism. During the process of host alternation, P. bambucicola utilizes Styrax suberifolius as its primary host plant and forms the gall to live and feed inside. Bamboos are used as its secondary host plant and P. bambucicola prefers to feed on the surface of the bamboo stem. On both the primary and the secondary host plants, P. bambucicola produces wingless females, winged females and soldiers. Among all these three types of aphids, soldiers are the most specialized morphs because it is sterile and with specialized defensive morphology and behavior. To uncover the molecular level characteristics of soldiers and non-soldiers, we compared the Next Generation Sequencing based transcriptome data between soldiers and wingless adults from both kinds of host plants. Weighted deviation was used to filter those differentially expressed genes. GO (Gene Ontology) enrichment was used to analyze the significantly expressed GO annotation. Finally, WEGO (Web Gene Ontology Annotation Plot) was used to compare and plot GO annotation results. We found 300~800 differentially expressed genes from different combinations of comparisons. After deleting genes without GO annotations, there were 100~300 differentially expressed genes left. After GO significance analysis and classification, we found that some genes classified within the category of Structural Molecular Activity are related to cuticle composition. We found that soldiers and wingless adults of P. bambucicola both have specific differentially expressed genes within the category of structural constituent of cuticle. Aphids from different host plants also reveal specific differentially expressed genes within the category of structural constituent of cuticle. In conclusion, we found that soldiers, regardless of host plants, of P. bambucicola have a specific differentially expressed gene which is related to cuticle constitution, and soldiers on bamboos have a specific differentially expressed gene which is related to muscle constitution.

摘要 i
Abstract ii
圖目錄 iv
表目錄 v
附錄目錄 vi
前言 1
研究目的 6
材料與方法 7
資料來源 7
Gene Ontology Annotation 8
基因表現差異分析 8
顯著GO term分析 9
Web Gene Ontology Annotation Plot 10
Basic Local Alignment Search Tool 10
結果 12
基因表現差異分析 12
GO顯著性分析 12
顯著GO分布 13
形態結構相關基因的整理和產物預測 15
討論 19
參考文獻 26
圖表 32
附錄 43

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