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研究生:楊淑峰
研究生(外文):Shu-Feng Yang
論文名稱:導入品質成本制度之效益分析-以T藥廠為例
論文名稱(外文):The Cost-and-Benefit Analysis of Incoporating Quality Cost System- A Case Study of T Pharmaceutical Company
指導教授:吳泓怡
指導教授(外文):Hung-Yi Wu
學位類別:碩士
校院名稱:開南管理學院
系所名稱:企業管理研究所
學門:商業及管理學門
學類:企業管理學類
論文種類:學術論文
論文出版年:2005
畢業學年度:93
語文別:中文
論文頁數:116
中文關鍵詞:製藥業全面品質管理品質成本柏拉圖分析
外文關鍵詞:Pharmaceutical IndustryQuality CostTotal Quality Management (TQM)Pareto Analysis
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近年來,由於企業面臨全球化與自由化所造成之劇烈競爭,使其無不竭盡所能地提高品質、降低成本,以滿足顧客多樣化的需求,提昇顧客滿意度。而與醫療、製藥及醫療器材等相關產業的經營亦受到一定程度之衝擊。國內於2002年7月實施新保險給付制度,縮小製藥業利潤空間,使製藥業面臨成本控制問題。近年來,藥廠導入全面品質管理(TQM),以降低成本和提昇競爭力已有初步的成效,但其改善仍是有限的。然企業其競爭利基取決於差異化的價值主張,其主要目標為持續高品質、低成本之優勢,即結合品質、價格等特性,以創造無可取代之優勢。品質成本制度是企業在品質競賽中,不容忽視之績效衡量制度,藉由金額化的資訊,使管理者瞭解公司過去在品質提昇之努力所投入的成本,以及因品質不良而總共付出的代價,並藉由這些品質相關的資訊來做適當的決策。本研究係以品質成本為基礎,以國內某製藥廠為個案研究對象,為其規劃並導入一套品質成本制度,並針對個案公司執行三年後之實際品質成本資料進行效益分析。期能透過品質成本制度之建立,以利於品質成本分析,顯現企業之品質成本分布,提醒企業避免品質成本資源的濫用,並有效的協助品質管理之推展。本研究經相關資料蒐集,並依品質成本項目進行歸納彙整,且利用統計方法進行分析與原因探討,而獲得以下結論:
1.品質成本制度導入要點:(1)找出確實成本數據,證明推動品質成本制度對公司的利益,俾引起高階管理的注意和興趣,得到高階主管的支持。(2)充分瞭解工廠作業流程及改善作業流程,以降低不良率,提昇生產率。
2.品質制度導入與品質活動改善後,個案公司總品質成本佔銷售額比例,由原來的8.39%降至7.22%。

3.利用柏拉圖分析,找出少數的重要品質成本項目,以有效掌握關鍵項目之成本降低。經由柏拉圖分析,個案公司之前五大品質成本項目分別為:「成品檢驗」、「退貨損失」、「報廢成本」、「製程管理控制」、以及「品質系統」,共佔77.22%,約控制八成的品質成本。
4.品質制度導入前,「預防成本」明顯偏低(17.75%)、「失敗成本」偏高(57.34%),品質改善活動期間,「預防成本」與「鑑定成本」比例逐漸增加,而「失敗成本」則逐漸下滑。
5.根據個案公司2002至2004年度之實際品質成本資料進行趨勢分析,發現在此三年期間,其品質成本佔製造成本之百分比依次為16.44%、15.96%、及14.62%,逐年下降,代表過去投入品質改善活動所產生的結果。
6.個案公司推行投入「預防成本」與「鑑定成本」之相關品質活動,使製品之品質提昇,即「不良品水準」下降,「內部失敗成本」與「工廠品質水準」衡量指標呈顯著正相關,「外部失敗成本」與「抱怨率」、「抱怨損失率」呈正相關,二者一致性,間接驗證品質成本制度有效性。
In recent years, due to the fierce competition created by globalization and liberalization, enterprises do what they can improve the quality of products, to reduce prime cost to meet customers’ diverse demands and at the same time promoting their satisfaction. This tendency makes impact on industries like medical service, drugs and medical supply as well. Domestic health insurance policy of paying systems, implemented since July 2002, reduces profit of making drugs for the pharmaceutical industry and brings about the cost-control problem. Total Quality Management(TQM), which has applied in pharmaceutical industry for years, has limited effect. However, for enterprises, the advantage is based on differentiated value claimed. Their essential target is to pursue the superiority of continuous high quality and low cost, namely, those features that dominate the market. To have the competitive advantage on quality, quality-cost system must be used as the efficiency evaluation system. In quality-cost system, thanks to the quantified information, administrators realize the cost that they have spent on improving quality and they realize the cost of loose from lack of quality. Furthermore, from information collected in quality-cost system, administrators can use this information to make proper decisions. The research below based on a case study for analyzing quality-cost data of a domestic pharmaceutical industry for 3 years. It is hoped that based on the established quality-cost system and analysis of quality cost, the company can identify its quality cost distribution, avoid waste of quality cost resources, and promote quality management effectively. The research is first to classify the relevant data of the case company according with quality cost items, followed by analysis and explorations. The conclusions of the research are summarized as follows:

1. Key points of establishing quality cost system: (1) Find the actual cost to prove that the using of quality-cost system is beneficial. The immediate success draws attention and interest of senior management, and then obtains their support;(2)To understand the manufacturing process and improvement manufacturing process may raise productivity rate and reduce defective rate.
2. After incorporating the quality cost system and quality activities improvement, the total quality cost for the company over sales declines from 8.39% to 7.22%.
3. Through the Pareto analysis of quality cost, the company can identify few critical items and control these for reducing its quality cost. The top 5 items of total quality cost for the case company: finished goods inspection cost, sales return, waste, manufacturing management control, and quality system. They take up almost eighty percent (77.22%) of total quality costs.
4. Before implementation of quality-cost system, the prevent cost of the case company was too low (17.75%), and the failure cost runs too high (57.53%). When the case company begins to spend more money on prevention, they reduce failure cost.
5. According to the case company’s 2002-2004 actual quality costs analysis, it shows that the quality-cost over manufacturing cost are 16.44%, 15.96%, and then 14.62 of respectively, which indicates a downward trend. It also reflects the effect of past devotion toward quality improvement activities.
6. With the practice of the quality control (input of the prevention costs and appraisal costs) the product quality improved and the defective rate fell. The correlation between the elements of internal failure costs and the element of factory quality level is positive. The correction between the elements of external failure costs and the elements of defective rate and customer complaint rate is positive. It shows similarity and the effectiveness of the quality cost system.
第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究背景與動機 1
第二節 研究目的 2
第三節 研究範圍與架構 3
第二章 文獻探討 5
第一節 品質與品質管理 5
第二節 全面品質管理 10
第三節 品質成本之定義、分類與關係 12
第四節 品質成本之功能與限制 23
第五節 品質成本與其他生產指標之關係 26
第六節 品質成本之建立 30
第三章 研究設計 37
第一節 個案研究與深入訪談法 37
第二節 研究流程 42
第三節 研究架構與假設 47
第四章 台灣製藥產業分析與演進 51
第一節 製藥業概況 51
第二節 產業現況 57
第三節 產業未來發展趨勢 61
第五章 個案公司介紹 64
第一節 個案公司概況 64
第六章 品質成本之建立、實施及結果分析 71
第一節 個案公司品質成本規劃設計 71
第二節 品質成本分析方法 82
第三節 個案公司品質成本分析與討論 85
第七章 結論與建議 103
第一節 研究結論 103
第二節 研究限制 107
第三節 研究建議 108
參考文獻 111
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