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研究生:廖峰偉
研究生(外文):Feng-wei Liao
論文名稱:都市發展與私人診所之開設及歇業;以臺北市為例
論文名稱(外文):Urban Development and Private Clinics in Taipei City, 1981-1995
指導教授:江東亮江東亮引用關係
指導教授(外文):Tung-liang Chiang
學位類別:碩士
校院名稱:國立臺灣大學
系所名稱:衛生政策與管理研究所
學門:醫藥衛生學門
學類:公共衛生學類
論文種類:學術論文
論文出版年:2000
畢業學年度:88
語文別:中文
論文頁數:107
中文關鍵詞:都市發展私人診所開業歇業
外文關鍵詞:urban developmentprivate clinicsfoundingclosure
相關次數:
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摘 要
研究目標─本研究旨在探討1981-1995年間,臺北市都市發展如何影響其私人診所之開業與歇業。
資料來源─診所資料的來源為醫師公會名冊與衛生署醫師人力電腦資料檔;環境發展資料的來源則為臺北市統計要覽、臺閩地區人口統計以及臺閩地區工商普查報告。
研究設計─1981-1986,1986-1991,1991-1995三個分期的縱斷性生態分析。
研究對象─臺北市11個行政區。
測量─都市發展綜合指數、私人診所開業率與私人診所歇業率三個變項。各行政區根據都市發展綜合指數被歸類為四種都市發展類型:老舊區、核心區、新興區與郊區。
結果─臺北市的私人診所總數由1981年的1150家增加為1995年的1276家。 在此期間,有1766家私人診所開業,平均年開業率為11%;另一方面,有1699家私人診所歇業,平均年歇業率為10.6%。 根據私人診所開、歇業率的複回歸分析結果顯示,都市發展與私人診所開業以及歇業之間的關聯性很高。 大致而言,老舊區的私人診所開業率最低,且歇業率最高;另一方面,新興區的私人診所開業率最高,而郊區的私人診所的歇業率則最低。
結論─市場力量顯著的運作於1981-1995年間,臺北市的私人診所開設以及歇業。
Abstract
Objectives─The purpose of this study is to examine how urban development affected the founding and closure of private clinics in Taipei City during the period between 1981 and 1995.
Data─Data on private clinic came from the directory of the Taipei Physician Association, and the Physician Manpower Master file of the Department of Health, Executive Yuan. Data on urban development came from the Statistical Abstract of Taipei Municipality, the Taiwan-Fukien Demographic Fact Book, and the Taiwan-Fukien Industry, Commerce and Service Census.
Design─Longitudinal ecological analysis across three sub-periods of time: 1981-1986, 1986-1991, and 1991-1995.
Setting─11 districts of Taipei city.
Measures─Summary index of urban development, founding rate and closure rate of private clinic. Districts were grouped into four groups: older community, urban center, new community and suburb community, according to summary index of urban development.
Results─The total number of private clinics in Taipei city increased from 1,150
in 1981 to 1,276 in 1995. During the same period, 1,766 new private clinics
were opened and 1,699 private clinics were closed, representing an average annualfounding rate of 11.0% and an average annual closure rate of 10.6%, respectively.The results from mutiple regression analysis indicated that urban development
was highly associated with the founding and closure of private clinics in Taipei.
Specifically, older communities had the lowest founding rates and the highest
closure rates, whereas new communities had the highest founding rates and suburbcommunities had the lowest closure rates.
Conclusions─Market forces has played a significant role in the founding and
closure of private clinics in Taipei city between 1981 and 1995.
目 錄
第一章 前言.................................1
第一節 研究目的.............................1
第二節 論文結構.............................3
第二章 文獻探討.............................4
第一節 醫師分布的相關理論...................4
一.個人層次.................................4
二.區位層次.................................6
第二節 醫師分佈的實證研究...................14
一.吸引因素.................................15
二.排斥因素.................................19
第三章 材料與方法...........................23
第一節 研究假說與研究架構...................23
第二節 研究變項.............................26
第三節 資料收集.............................28
第四節 資料分析.............................29
第四章 結果.................................31
第一節 臺北市的發展.........................31
一.人口密度.................................31
二.商業、服務業分佈.........................33
三.地價變化.................................34
四.都市發展綜合指數.........................34
第二節 醫療環境的變化.......................37
一.總醫師數.................................37
二.醫院醫師數...............................39
三.醫院數...................................40
四.病床數...................................40
五.診所醫師數...............................41
第三節 私人診所的開設與歇業.................43
一.診所的開設...............................43
二.診所的歇業...............................44
第四節 環境特徵與診所之開、歇業.............46
一.影響診所開業因素.........................46
二.影響診所歇業因素.........................51
第五章 討論.................................56
第一節 研究限制.............................56
一.資料的來源...............................56
二.資料的合併...............................57
第二節 假說驗證.............................57
一.驗證結果.................................57
二.結果討論與建議...........................60
參考文獻.....................................63
附錄一 都市發展綜合指數之計算...............104
圖 次
圖2-1. 單一供給者市場範圍示意圖...........................21
圖2-2. 市場範圍示意圖.....................................21
圖2-3. 層級市場示意圖.....................................21
圖2-4. 一般開業醫之動態市場空間策略示意圖.................22
圖3-1. 研究架構...........................................24
圖3-2. 研究假說示意圖.....................................30
圖4-1. 臺北市各行政區環境資源發展指數,1981年.............92
圖4-2. 臺北市各行政區環境資源發展指數,1985年.............92
圖4-3. 臺北市各行政區環境資源發展指數,1990年.............93
圖4-4. 臺北市各行政區環境資源發展指數,1995年.............93
圖4-5. 臺北市各行政區都市發展綜合指數,1981年.............94
圖4-6. 臺北市各行政區都市發展綜合指數,1985年.............94
圖4-7. 臺北市各行政區都市發展綜合指數,1990年.............95
圖4-8. 臺北市各行政區都市發展綜合指數,1995年.............95
圖4-9. 臺北市各行政區每萬人口醫師人數,1981年.............96
圖4-10. 臺北市各行政區每萬人口醫師人數,1985年............96
圖4-11. 臺北市各行政區每萬人口醫師人數,1990年............97
圖4-12. 臺北市各行政區每萬人口醫師人數,1995年............97
圖4-13. 臺北市各行政區每萬人口醫院醫師數分佈,1981年......98
圖4-14. 臺北市各行政區每萬人口醫院醫師數分佈,1985年......98
圖4-15. 臺北市各行政區每萬人口醫院醫師數分佈,1990年......99
圖4-16. 臺北市各行政區每萬人口醫院醫師數分佈,1995年......99
圖4-17. 臺北市各行政區每萬人口病床數分佈,1981年..........100
圖4-18. 臺北市各行政區每萬人口病床數分佈,1985年..........100
圖4-19. 臺北市各行政區每萬人口病床數分佈,1990年..........101
圖4-20. 臺北市各行政區每萬人口病床數分佈,1995年..........101
圖4-21. 臺北市各行政區每萬人口診所醫師數分佈,1981年......102
圖4-22. 臺北市各行政區每萬人口診所醫師數分佈,1985年......102
圖4-23. 臺北市各行政區每萬人口診所醫師數分佈,1990年......103
圖4-24. 臺北市各行政區每萬人口診所醫師數分佈,1995年......103
表 次
表 4-1. 臺北市各行政區人口密度,1981年-1995年...............68
表4-2. 臺北市各行政區工商業場所單位數、區位商數及集中商數,1981年..........................................................69
表4-3. 臺北市各行政區工商業場所單位數、區位商數及集中商數,1986年..........................................................70
表4-4. 臺北市各行政區工商業場所單位數、區位商數及集中商數,1991年..........................................................71
表4-5. 臺北市各行政區工商業場所單位數、區位商數及集中商數,1996年..........................................................72
表4-6. 臺北市各行政區公告地價暨環期指數、基期指數,1981年-1995年..........................................................73
表4-7. 臺北市各行政區都市發展綜合指數,1981年-1995年........74
表4-8. 臺北市各行政區診所醫師數、醫院醫師數及總醫師數,1985年-1995年......................................................75
表4-9. 臺北市各行政區每萬人口之診所醫師數、醫院醫師數及總醫師數,1985年-1995年...........................................76
表4-10. 臺北市各行政區診所數、醫院數及病床數,1985年-1995年 ............................................................77
表4-11. 臺北市各行政區每萬人口之診所數、醫院數及病床數,1985年-1995年......................................................78
表4-12. 臺北市各行政區之診所存活數、診所開業家數、診所開業率,1981-1995年.................................................79
表4-13. 臺北市各行政區之診所存活數、診所歇業家數、診所歇業率,1981-1995年.................................................80
表4-14. 各環境特徵之私人診所開業數及開業率分佈..............81
表4-15. 各環境特徵之私人診所歇業數及歇業率分佈..............82
表4-16. 相關矩陣............................................83
表4-17. 診所開業數之簡單迴歸分析............................84
表4-18. 診所開業率之簡單迴歸分析............................85
表4-19. 診所開業數之層級迴歸分析............................86
表4-20. 診所開業率之層級迴歸分析............................87
表4-21. 診所歇業數之簡單迴歸分析............................88
表4-22. 診所歇業率之簡單迴歸分析............................89
表4-23. 診所歇業數之層級迴歸分析............................90
表4-24. 診所歇業率之層級迴歸分析............................91
附表1. 都市發展因素之特徵值與解釋量.........................107
附表2. 主成分相關矩陣.......................................107
附表3. 臺北市各行政區都市發展因素之標準分數值...............107
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