臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

軍事作戰行動中，適時且高效率地將兵力投射至作戰目標區，乃戰鬥力發揮之關鍵。在地面部隊運輸之行軍績效議題，行軍速度與負重乃其關鍵性之決定因素，唯深入探討其影響之研究著實罕見。以生理觀點視之，運用耗氧量、心搏率及呼吸交換率等指標進行觀測，所謂｢最適｣之速度或負重，係指工作強度負荷乃在生理之｢可接受｣等級內，而此等作業可長時間持續進行，無致人體不適或過度疲勞之虞。本研究以16員陸軍現役軍人為受試者，區分為男性與女性，運用心理物理法，在0公斤、10公斤、20公斤（全負重），以及20公斤（併夾槍）之負重水準下，量測其最適行軍速度，賡續探討其對軍人負重行軍生理反應、耗氧成本及行走效率之影響。結果顯示，最適行軍速度隨負重重量之增加而逐漸遞減；背負總重20公斤之條件下，夾槍姿態之最適速度乃較全負重為快，步態重心平衡亦值得進一步探討；以耗氧成本觀點視之，女性受試者之最適行軍速度均顯著較男性為高，唯其高耗氧成本指出，女性之行走效率卻顯著低於男性；依現行軍事訓練規範之行軍標準，其運動生理負荷概已逾人體所偏好之｢最適｣程度，視作戰實需而適切調整之行軍條件，係為保存戰力以待發揮之可行方案。擷取全程實驗操作之第11分鐘至第15分鐘平均值，屬於穩定狀態之分析數據，對於步態運動生理指標評估乃具有代表性。未來，因應戰爭型態改變，就減輕作戰之身心負荷與強化戰鬥人員體能等發展趨勢，置重點於個人防護裝備、人員訓練及績效評估等作為，乃係強化人員戰力之維持與發揚，亦為厚植聯合作戰總體戰力深具影響力之根基。

In military operations, the full scope to combat effectiveness relies upon the force projection with right timelines and high efficiency. On the topic of transportation of ground forces, the speed and load carriage are both the critical determinants of marching performance. However, recent researches involved are seldom seen. From the physiological point of view and observation of oxygen consumption, heart rate as well as respiratory exchange ratio, the concept of “optimal” load or speed means the physiological strain produced ought to be of such an “acceptable” extent during its workload, so as not to bring about undue discomfort or fatigue over long run. Sixteen male and female infantry soldiers participated in the experiment, walking on the treadmill under four levels of load carriage, i.e. 0 kg, 10 kg, 20 kg (backpack), and 20kg (with rifle), to determine their preferred walking speed (PWS), and successively the physiological response, oxygen cost, and walking efficiency were analyzed. The results indicate that PWS decreases with the increase of load. Under the 20 kg-load situation, the posture with rifle leads to the induction in PWS than that of all-backpack-load. In the perspective of oxygen cost, the higher preference of the females in PWS is on behalf of the inferior walking efficiency. In terms of the military training specification, the corresponding physiological workload is probably exceeding the optimal extent. Therefore, the adjustment of marching requirement based on the operational needs will be one of the possible alternatives of the saving and exertion for combat power. The 11th to 15th-minute duration is deemed to be the steady state as the observation averages of all physiological indicators are representative for the assessment of gait. In the future, it will be considered high priority that to improve the body armor, soldiers training, as well as performance assessment is the influential bases of sustainment and exertion for combat power, and overall combat effectiveness for joint operations in response to the trend of changed patterns of war.

誌謝 i
摘要 ii
Abstract iii
目錄 v
表目錄 vii
圖目錄 viii
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究問題背景 1
1.2 研究動機 2
1.3 研究目的 3
1.4 研究流程 4
第二章 文獻探討 6
2.1 最適行走速度 6
2.2 心理物理法 7
2.3 主觀知覺評量 9
2.4 最大耗氧量 12
2.5 能量消耗 16
2.6 文獻探討小結 17
第三章 研究方法 19
3.1 受試者 19
3.2 實驗儀器與設備 21
3.3 實驗流程與步驟 25
3.4 實驗設計 39
第四章 實驗結果與分析 51
4.1 模型檢驗 51
4.2 最大耗氧量量測期間相關變項 55
4.3 變異數分析結果 56
4.4 最適行軍速度 62
4.5 生理指標反應 64
4.6 主觀知覺評量 69
4.7 耗氧成本分析 70
4.8 相關分析 72
第五章 討論 74
5.1 標準化最大耗氧量 74
5.2 最適行軍速度 75
5.3 生理成本與行走效率評估 80
5.4 觀測值穩定狀態與代表性 83
5.5 跑步機與真實路面之差異 87
第六章 結論與建議 89
6.1. 軍事作戰實務與本質應用 89
6.2. 人員訓練標準與績效評估 90
6.3. 防護裝備展望與戰力發揚 90
6.4. 管理意涵 91
參考文獻 93
附錄A 94
附錄B 95
附錄C 96
附錄D 97
附錄E 99

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