臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

台灣於1989開始引進外籍勞工，從此學者們也展開許多相關研究，諸多研究著墨於外籍勞工的管理階層，但是鮮少研究針對外籍勞工的長期社會文化適應議題；再者，外勞仲介公司的篩選機制以及在引進外勞後他們所扮演的角色也罕為討論。因此，本質性研究以十位外籍勞工為例，其中包含三位外籍看護、五位外籍家庭幫傭、與兩位外籍工廠勞工，研究他們剛到台灣的一個月、三個月、及六個月所遇到的社會文化適應問題。除此之外，本研究更進一步探討外勞仲介公司的篩選機制以及他們在外勞來台後所扮演之角色。本研究方法包含採訪十位外籍勞工以及五間知名的外勞仲介公司、並針對外籍勞工以及外勞仲介公司做工作觀察、研究期間亦使用社會文化適應量表(SCAS)測量外籍勞工在來台一個月、三個月、及六個月後的適應情況。
該研究有五點主要的發現，第一，雖然台灣的仲介公司有不同的篩選機制，但大多數的仲介公司並不干涉東南亞地區仲介公司的篩選機制，也就是說，在外籍勞工來台前，台灣的外勞仲介公司其實並無直接篩選引進的外勞，而是由東南亞地區仲介公司直接引進，台灣的外勞仲介公司對引進外勞的個人資料的真假或犯罪紀錄並無確認與詳查的機制，實造成台灣社會治安的隱憂。第二，本研究中五個著名的台灣的外勞仲介公司在分發外籍勞工到工作岡位後皆至少扮演三種主要角色：監督者、諮商者及溝通媒介。第三，外籍勞工來台的一個月、三個月及六個月所面臨的社會文化適應問題各有不同，其中以「語言」、「與台灣人的溝通或互動」為最困難的適應問題。第四，針對不同的適應問題，各個外籍勞工有自己不同的解決方式，但是本研究中的十位外籍勞工的共通點是對「語言」的問題皆採取較主動學習的策略，例如從書本、電視、廣播、或與當地人學習，但對「與台灣人的溝通或互動」問題方面都採取較被動或避免正面衝突的解決方式。最後，本研究的一項有趣的發現是，男性外籍勞工在台得適應較女性好。最後，希望此研究能夠幫助未來到台的外籍勞工有較好的適應，而外勞仲介公司也能更了解自己所扮演的角色並且提供外籍勞工適當的幫助。

The bringing in of foreign workers to Taiwan dated back to 1989; ever since, a variety of research had been conducted to investigate this population. Various studies had been done on the management level of foreign workers; however, few studies were done to examine their longitudinal sociocultural adaptation issue and the selecting mechanisms of Foreign Worker Agents (FWAs) on foreign workers. Furthermore, the roles of the FWAs played after foreign workers’ assignments to workplaces were seldom discussed. Thus, this longitudinal, qualitative research aimed at studying the socicocultural adaptation of ten foreign workers from South-east Asia in their intervals of one month, three months, and six months after arriving in Taiwan employing in-depth interviews, work observation, and Sociocultural Adaptation Scale by Ward and Kennedy (1999). Additionally, the present research further assessed the selection mechanisms on foreign workers by five major FWAs in central Taiwan and the roles they played after foreign workers’ assignments by conducting in-depth interviews with the FWAs and work observation.
The study results uncovered five major findings. Firstly, FWAs in Taiwan had different selecting mechanisms, but most of them preferred not to interfere with the selecting mechanisms of the FWAs in South-east Asia. However, this indicated that the FWAs in Taiwan failed to verify the personal information, criminal history, and the quality of foreign workers who had been brought into Taiwan, leaving a threat to Taiwan’s society. Secondly, the five Taiwanese FWAs in the study all played at three common roles after assigning foreign workers to their workplaces: supervisor, counselor, and communication medium. Thirdly, these ten foreign workers encountered different sociocultural difficulties in their intervals of one month, three months, and six months; however, “language proficiency” and “interacting with Taiwanese” appeared to their most difficult adaptational issue at these three intervals. Fourthly, as to how they coped with their difficulties in Taiwan, the results showed that (i) facing “language” difficulty, the ten foreign workers tended to be active in learning Taiwanese languages from books, television, radio, or talking with Taiwanese nationals; (ii) facing issues of interpersonal relationships or interactions with Taiwanese, they all tended to passively using “avoiding or without confronting” strategies to avoid further issues from happening. Lastly, an interesting finding from both the interviews and the SCAS was that male foreign workers adapted better than all other female workers. It was hoped that this research could help the in-coming foreign workers with their sociocultural difficulties and made the FWAs understand better the roles they played to further help the foreign workers.

Table of Content
Chinese Abstract i
English Abstract iii
Acknowledgements v
Table of Content vi
Chapter One Introduction 1
1.1 Background 1
1.2 Statement of Problems 3
1.3 Study Purpose and Research Questions 4
1.4 Definition of Terms 5
1.4.1 Foreign Workers 5
1.4.2 Foreign Worker Agents (FWA) 5
1.4.3 Sociocultural Adaptation 5
1.5 Significance of the Study 6
1.6 Organization of the Thesis 6
Chapter Two Literature Review 8
2.1 Introduction 8
2.2 Definitions of Adjustment and Adaptation 8
2.3 Definition of Intercultural Adjustment and Adaptation 9
2.3.1 Empirical Studies of Intercultural Adjustment and Adaptation 13
2.4 Conceptualization of Sociocultural Adaptation 14
2.4.1 Empirical Studies of Sociocultural Adaptation 15
2.5 Factors Influencing Intercultural Adjustment or Adaptation 16
2.5.1 Gender as a Factor Influencing Intercultural Adjustment or Adaptation 16
2.5.2 Age as a Factor Influencing Intercultural Adjustment or Adaptation 17
2.5.3 Nationality as a Factor Influencing Intercultural Adjustment or Adaptation 18
2.5.4 Education Background as a Factor Influencing Intercultural Adjustment or Adaptation 18
2.5.5 Language Proficiency as a Factor Influencing Intercultural Adjustment or Adaptation 19
2.5.6 Marital Status as a Factor Influencing Intercultural Adjustment or Adaptation 20
2.5.7 Number of Children as a Factor Influencing Adjustment or Adaptation 21
2.5.8 The Length of Residence in the Local Country as a Factor Influencing Intercultural Adjustment or Adaptation 21
2.6 Definitions of Foreign Workers and Foreign Workers Agents 22
2.6.1 Empirical Studies of Foreign Workers and Agents in Taiwan 22
2.7 Coping Strategies to Intercultural Adaptation Difficulties 24
Chapter Three Methodology 27
3.1 Introduction 27
3.2 Participants 27
3.2.1 Foreign Workers 27
3.2.2 Foreign Worker Agent (FWA) 28
3.3 Instruments 29
3.3.1 Face-to-face Interviews for Ten Foreign Workers 29
3.3.2 Face-to-face Interview for Foreign Worker Agents 31
3.3.3 Sociocultural Adaptation Scale (SCAS) 32
3.3.4 Work Observation 34
3.4 Data Collection Procedures 35
3.4.1 Data Collection Procedures for the Then Foreign Workers 35
3.4.2 Data Collection Procedures for the FWAs 37
3.5 Data Analyses 38
Chapter Four Results 40
4.1 Introduction 40
4.2 Selecting Mechanisms Applied by the FWAs 40
4.2.1 Policy of the Governments’ 41
4.2.2 Selection Criteria from the FWAs 42
4.2.3 Needs of the Clients 43
4.3 Roles the FWAs Play after Assigning the Workers to Their Workplaces 44
4.3.1 Results from Interviews with the FWAs 44
4.3.2 Results from the Work Observation 46
4.4 Matches and Mismatches of Job Descriptions Prior to Assignments 47
4.4.1 Nursing Maids 47
4.4.2 Housing Maids 49
4.4.3 Manufacturing Workers 51
4.5 Sociocultural Issues Faced by the Ten Foreign Workers 53
4.5.1 Sociocultural Difficulties Faced in the Interval of One Month, Three Months, and Six months as Measured by the SCAS 53
4.5.2 Sociocultural Difficulties Faced in the Interval of One Month, Three Months, and Six months as Recorded from the Interviews 55
4.6 Coping Strategies Applied by the Workers to Overcome Sociocultural Issues 60
4.6.1 Coping Strategies Applied to Overcome Sociocultural Issues in the Interval of One Month 60
4.6.2 Coping Strategies Applied to Overcome Sociocultural Issues in the Interval of Three Months 65
4.6.3 Coping Strategies Applied to Overcome Sociocultural Issues in the Interval of Six Months 71
Chapter Five Discussions and Conclusions 78
5.1 Introduction 78
5.2 Findings and Discussions 78
5.2.1 Discussions of the FWAs’ Selecting Mechanism of Foreign Workers 78
5.2.3 Discussions of Matches and Mismatches between Prior Job Descriptions and Actual Working Contents 83
5.2.4 Discussions of Sociocultural Difficulties Faced by the Ten Foreign Workers 85
5.2.5 Discussions of Actions and Strategies Taken to Overcome Sociocultural Difficulties 97
5.3 Limitations of the Study 99
5.4 Suggestions for Future Study 100
5.5 Conclusion 100
English References 102
Chinese References 106
Appendix I 110
Appendix II 112
Appendix III 114

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