臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

台灣具有不同的海拔及豐富的氣候條件，冬季適合菊花生產，但在菊花生產上常受到夏秋季高溫長日影響並時有暴雨之侵害，造成切花品質不良。新引進多花型菊花數6種品系利用人工氣候室及設施並配合不同的季節，以探討對生育之影響。結果顯示此6品種與台灣引進多年之秋菊品種於平地簡易設施下，秋季自然日長和氣溫，會因氣溫過高、日長太長而造成開花的延遲，而以人工氣候室20/15℃和15/13℃之溫度處理能提早開花並提升開花品質，推薦於中高海拔種植，可克服氣溫過高之障礙。
台灣冬季的氣候冷涼，平均氣溫在13-20℃之間，適合作為菊花的生產。在台北冬季低光下‘Redock Improved’不會造成開花延遲，且品質佳；而‘Silver Jubilee’受到冬季生長期低光度延遲見苞及花朵發育時間。生長於20/15℃之植株其光合作用高於生長於25/20℃者，但光度低於200μmol．m-2s-1時’Puma Sunny’、‘Redock Improved’與’白銅錢’三個品種其光合作用曲線相近，因此低光下植株的鮮重較不受高溫所減少。而台灣引進多年之秋菊品種在秋冬之際種植仍有表現良好之品種如鑽石白，台灣引進多年之夏菊品種以 ‘小紅娘’的開花表現較優秀，具有開花時間不受高溫而延遲的表現。
在不同季節及電照週數對於’Lineker Salmon’、’Silver Jubilee’和’Vyking’三品種，隨著電照週數的增加，株高和葉數有明顯的增加驅勢。’Lineker Salmon’ 在冬季試驗只要電照3週就可達到切花長度要求的90cm，而在秋季和春季需電照至4週；’Silver Jubilee’在冬季試驗只要電照2週，而在秋季和春季需電照至4週，在台北冬季設施下15-20℃有利於葉片之生長，因此在冬季進行電照越久株高的節數也增加越多。在花朵的表現上秋季由於高溫造成花重、花徑值都較其它季節為低。春季試驗電照4、5、6週處理花朵發育時受到高溫之影響造成花重和花徑明顯下降。

This study was conducted to determine the effects of different season, temperature and weeks of lighting on the growth and flowering of six chosen cultivars.The purpose is to improve the flower quality of selected cultivars and increase the potential of their competitiveness.
In fall the natural high temperature and long day condition delayed the flowering of autumn flowering cultivars. This problem could be solved and the quality of flowering could be improved by growing them under 20/15℃ and 15/13℃ in phytotron. The continuously rainy weather in the northern Taiwan caused low light intensity in winter, and only ‘Redock Improved’ could flower to expectably and still performed good. ‘Silver Jubilee’ was affected largely by the low light during growth period, resulted in delaying days to visible buds and developing of flowers. Measuring the net photosynthetic rate of new and local summer flowering cultivars grown under 20/15℃ and 25/20℃, the results shown that the net photosynthesis curve of ‘Puma Sunny’, ‘Redock Improved’, and ‘白銅錢’ were similar under low light conditions, while the fresh weight of the three cultivars did not decrease under high temperature during winter. ‘鑽石白’, the local autumn flowering cultivar, performed nice even during fall and winter, and the days to flower of summer flowering cultivar, ‘小紅娘’, did not be delayed by high temperature.
As the weeks of lighting increased, the plant height and leaf number of ‘Lineker Salmon’, ‘Silver Jubilee’, and ‘Vyking’ increased. The plant height of ‘Lineker Salmon’ attained 90 cm, the standard height of cut chrysanthemum, only expose to 3 weeks of lighting in winter experiment, and 4 weeks in autumn and spring. ‘Silver Jubilee’ needed 2 weeks in the winter, and 4 weeks in autumn and spring. The temperature of 15~20℃ is optimal for to leaf growing uduring winter in Taipei, furthermore the plant height and node number were increased with the lighting weeks in winter. High temperature in autumn lowered fresh weight per flower and diameter of flower in comparison to other seasons. Lighting for 4, 5, and 6 weeks caused the decreases in fresh weight per flower and diameter of flowers for the high temperature during flower development.

第一章 、前言------------------------------------------------------------ 1
第二章 、前人研究----------------------------------------------------- 2
一、 菊花品種分類----------------------------------------------------- 2
(一)依其開花的生理反應分類------------------------------------- 2
(二)依市場需求分類------------------------------------------------ 3
(三)依形態分類----------------------------------------------------- 4
(四)依顏色分類----------------------------------------------------- 5
二、 日長及溫度對菊花生長開花之影響---------------------------- 5
(一)日長對菊花生育的影響---------------------------------------- 5
(二)日長及溫度對菊花生育的影響-------------------------------- 6
(三)溫度對母本生育、插穗品質與開花之影響------------------- 9
(四)日夜溫差對菊花生育之影響----------------------------------- 10
三、 台灣區季節與海拔對菊花生育、母本及插穗品質之影響---- 11
(一)台灣區季節與海拔對菊花生育與開花之影響----------------- 11
(二) 台灣區季節與海拔對菊花母本、插穗品質與開花之影響---- 12
四、 光度、光質與電照對菊花生育之影響-------------------------- 12
(一)光度對菊花生長開花之影響----------------------------------- 12
(二)光質對菊花生長開花之影響----------------------------------- 13
(三)電照處理對菊花株高及生育之影響-------------------------- 15
第三章 、材料與方法 (Materials and Methods) ----------- 17
一、 植物材料 (Plant Materials) ------------------------------------ 17
二、 試驗場所 (Growing location) ---------------------------------- 17
三、 栽培管理 (Culture management) ------------------------------ 18
四、 試驗方法(Experimental methods) ------------------------------ 18
五、 調查項目與測定標準-------------------------------------------- 22
第四章 、結果(Results) ----------------------------------------- 27
一、 不同季節及溫度處理對多花型菊生育之影響----------------- 27
(一) 不同季節及溫度對各品種生長、開花日期與品質之影響--- 27
(二) 各品種間對不同日夜溫及自然日長下生長與開花之比較--- 34
(三) 品種間淨光合作用曲線比較---------------------------------- 35
二、 不同季節及電照處理對多花型菊生育之影響----------------- 36
(一) 不同季節電照處理對開花時期之影響----------------------- 37
(二) 不同季節電照處理對開花品質及生長之影響---------------- 38
(三) 不同季節電照處理對株高和葉數之每週生長量的影響----- 40
Table------------------------------------------------------------------------- 41
Fig---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 92
第五章 、討論(Discussion) ------------------------------------------- 145
一、 不同季節及溫度處理對多花型菊生育之影響----------------- 145
(一) 不同季節及溫度對各品種生長、開花日期與品質之影響--- 145
(二) 各品種間對不同日夜溫及自然日長下生長與開花之比較--- 148
(三) 品種間淨光合作用與生長之比較---------------------------- 149
二、 不同季節及電照處理對多花型菊生育之影響----------------- 150
(一) 不同季節電照處理對開花時期之影響----------------------- 150
(二) 不同季節電照處理對開花品質及生長之影響---------------- 151
(三) 不同季節電照處理對株高和葉數之每週生長量的影響----- 153
三、 總結---------------------------------------------------------------- 153
中文摘要------------------------------------------------------------------- 157
Summary--------------------------------------------------------------------- 158
參考文獻(Reference) ------------------------------------------------------ 160
附錄(Appendix) ----------------------------------------------------------- 167

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