臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

薯蕷科(Dioscoreaceae)的薯蕷屬(Dioscorea)的塊莖(Rhizoma)，其種類600多種，一般稱為yam，中國稱為山藥，薯蕷屬類植物包含山藥在世界各地是重要的根莖類糧食作物，也是少數有腋生零餘子的植物之一。一些品種的甚至可作為藥物製劑，例如一些生長在墨西哥的薯蕷被用作生產荷爾蒙和類固醇製劑，在中國山藥不但是食物也是一種中藥，全世界並不是所有薯蕷適合作為膳食，像是台灣野生種容易和何首烏混淆的黃藥子(Dioscorea bulbifera)長期食用可能會有肝毒性，以及生長於非洲的(Dioscorea hirsuta)也具有毒性，而生長於台灣、中國、日本的亞洲種的山藥適合作為膳食使用。本論文探討多種台灣、亞洲山藥品種和常見山藥品種之生長環境和基礎營養價值(澱粉、蛋白質、粗纖維、礦物質、胺基酸比例)，和其多種活性成分像是尿囊素(allantoin)、薯蕷的皂甘(saponin )像是(dioscin、diosgenin等)、及其他萜類之成分、山藥儲存的主要蛋白質dioscorin。像是山藥的類雌激素可調節荷爾蒙和預防骨質疏鬆、尿囊素可促進傷口癒合，dioscin可抑制癌症和保護心臟作用、dioscorin蛋白質的抗氧化和其他抗氧化活性物質。亦探討山藥之食品加工運用(例如: 乾燥處理)與加工後的成分變化變化並進一步山藥之塊根與零餘子的澱粉特性。

The tuber (Rhizoma) of Dioscorea in Dioscoreaceae have more than 600 species and it’s generally called yam. It is called chinese yam in China, and Dioscorea contains yam in important rhizome crops around the world. One of the few plants that have more than a dozen species. Some varieties can even be used as pharmaceutical preparations. For example, some yams grown in Mexico are used to produce hormones and steroid preparations. In China, yams are not only foods but also is a Chinese medicine. Not all yam species are suitable as meals in the world, such as wild species in Taiwan. Dioscorea bulbifera, which is easily confused with fleece-flower root, may have hepatotoxicity after long-term consumption, and Dioscorea hirsuta, which is grown in Africa, is also toxic. Asian yams grown in Taiwan, China and Japan are suitable for use as a meal. This paper discusses the growth environment and basic nutritive value (starch, protein, crude fiber, mineral, amino acid ratio) of various Taiwanese, Asian yam cultivars, and common yam cultivars, and various active ingredients such as allantoin. The saponin of dioscorea like (dioscin, diosgenin, etc.), and other components of quail, dioscorin, the main protein stored in yams. Types of estrogens like yams can regulate hormones and prevent osteoporosis, allantoin can promote wound healing, dioscin can inhibit cancer and protect the heart, antioxidation of dioscorein protein and other antioxidant active substances. It also explores the changes in the composition of yam's food processing applications (eg, drying treatment) and processing, and further the starch properties of the yam's root and kernel.

目錄
摘要 II
Abstract III
中英文名詞對照 V
圖次 IX
表次 XV
第一章 前言 1
第二章 文獻回顧 3
第一節 山藥介紹 3
A.山藥的種類 3
B. 地理分佈 3
C. 台灣山藥的種類 5
D. 山藥於的分佈與產量 13
E. 於非洲和亞洲的山藥種類比較 20
F. 山藥的保存 21
G. 環境與山藥生長和產量之關係 22
第二節 山藥的營養成分 24
A. 山藥之澱粉、蛋白質、纖維、礦物質之含量。 24
B. 山藥胺基酸之分析 26
C. 山藥中的膽鹼含量 29
D. 山藥食物和藥物中 30
E. 山藥的飲食文化 30
F. 山藥於中藥及相關中藥 31
第三節 文獻中山藥活性作用之成分 32
A. 山藥雌激素: 37
B. 山藥Dioscin的研究 49
1. 藥理活動 50
2. 抗黴菌生長的能力 52
3. Dioscin 的抗癌研究 56
4. Dioscin抗心血管疾病的研究。 81
5. Dioscorea bulbifera黃獨含dioscin的肝毒性研究 89
C : 山藥Diosgenin研究 104
D : 山藥Dioscorine的研究 106
E : 山藥Dioscorin 的研究 107
第四節 山藥的抗氧化能力 109
第五節 山藥與食品加工 114
第三章 結論 122
第四章 參考文獻 123

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